tempus aestivum

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus ae̯sˈtiː.u̯um/, [ˈt̪ɛmpʊs̠ äe̯s̠ˈt̪iːu̯ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtem.pus esˈti.vum/, [ˈt̪ɛmpus esˈt̪iːvum]

Noun

tempus aestīvum n (genitive temporis aestīvī); third declension

1. (This entry is a descendant hub.) summer-time
   • 1st century CE, Curtius Rufus, Histories of Alexander the Great, book 4:

     Caeli fulgor tempore aestivo ardenti similis internitens ignis praebuit speciem flammasque ex Darei castris splendere velut inlati temere praesidiis credebant.

     With summer-time in full blaze, the sky gleamed in a way that resembled fire, and [Alexander's soldiers] thought that they saw flames shining out from Darius' camp, as if they were under attack from the defenders.

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem) with a second-declension adjective.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tempus aestīvum	tempora aestīva
Genitive	temporis aestīvī	temporum aestīvōrum
Dative	temporī aestīvō	temporibus aestīvīs
Accusative	tempus aestīvum	tempora aestīva
Ablative	tempore aestīvō	temporibus aestīvīs
Vocative	tempus aestīvum	tempora aestīva

Descendants

(All shortened by dropping tempus.)

• Italo-Romance:
  • Old Neapolitan: stibo (Apulia)
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: estiu
  • Old Occitan: estiu
    • Occitan: estiu, estiéu
• Ibero-Romance:
  • >? Aragonese: estiu (or from Catalan)
  • Asturian: estivu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: estio, istio
    • Galician: estío
    • Portuguese: estio
  • Old Spanish: estivo
    • Spanish: estío (see there for further descendants)

References

• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “aestivus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 16
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “aestīvus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 234