Appendix:Berber Swadesh lists

This is a Swadesh list of Berber languages, specifically Kabyle, Tachawit, Chenoua, Tarifit, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tashelhit, compared with that of English.

EnglishKabyle
edit (207)
Tachawit
edit (207)
Chenoua
edit (207)
Tarifit
edit (207)
Central Atlas Tamazight
edit (206)
Tashelhit
edit (207)
1I (1sg)nekkneččnečneccnkknkki
2you (2sg)kečč, kemmcekk, cemmcek, cekinţin, cem, cemminţincekk*, cemm*kgg*, kmm*kyyi, kmmi
3he, she, it (3sg)nettanetta, nettatneţa, neţannetta*, nettat*ntta*, nttat*ntta, nttat
4we (1pl)nekni, nekkentineččni, neččentinecninneccinnukkninkkʷni, nkkʷnti
5you (2pl)kunwi, kunnemtikenwi, kennemtikennim, kennimţkenniw*, kennint*kunni*, kninti*kʷnni, kʷnninti
6they (3pl)nutni, nutentinehni, nehentinahnin, nahninţnihni*, nihenti*nihni*, nihnti*nttni, nttnti
7thisa, taway, taiwawa*, ta*, aya*wad*, tad*, ayad*ɣad, ad
8thatwihin, tihinwin, tinwinwin*, tin*, ayin*wan*, tan*, ayin*ɣan, an
9hereddayawra, ḍadadadɣid
10therendinḍindindinɣin
11whoanwawimanaywimayma(n)
12whatacumatamaţaminmaymi(t)
13whereandamaniandamanimanimani
14whenmelmimelmimelmimeřmimilmi, manturmanagu
15howamekmammekmamexmamec, mukmimkmanik, mamnk
16notur...arauru...ešururur
17allakuakkʷel, yalelkulmarraqaḥ, kulakkʷ, kullu
18manyaṭaslabas, aṭasayţaaṭṭasbzzaf, ggidikada, mnnaw
19somekraqracracacakra
20fewdrus, cwiyadrusḍrusdrusimik, cwiyimik
21otherniḍennniḍen, iḍenennidennneɣni, nniḍenyaḍn, yaḍninwayyaḍ, tayyaḍ
22oneyiwenyeǧ, wiṭijjen*, icten*yun, yut*yan
23twosinsensentnaynsin, snat*sin
24threekraḍkraḍtelatatřatakraḍkraḍ
25fourkuẓkuẓrebɛaarbɛakkuẓ, rbɛakkuẓ
26fivesemmussemmusxemsaxemsasmmus, xmsasmmus
27bigameqqranameɣranameqranameqqranaxatar, amqqranimqqur
28longaɣezfanazegrarazegraraziyraraɣzzafuɣzif, iɣzzif
29widewessiɛ, abarawyirawmiryumiriwfliy, wsɛyusɛa
30thickazuranazewwarazwargdarzur*iṭṭubz, iḍni
31heavyẓẓayyiẓẓayzinzerdqeřẓẓag, stiliẓẓay
32smallameẓjan, amecṭuḥxxxxamekdud, amezyanameẓẓyanamẓẓyanimzziy
33shortwezzilagilalaqudidaquḍaḍacṭṭwan, gziligzzul
34narrowuħṛisxxxxudarḥsarqmrikrruz
35thinrqiqxxxxxxxazdadsdid*icḍaḍ, isdid
36womantameṭṭuttameṭṭuthameṭṭuttamɣart, tameṭṭuttamṭṭutttamɣart
37man (adult male)argazaryazargazaryazargazargaz
38man (human being)amdanalsiargazaryaz, amdanargazafgan
39childagrudahyuyarrac, aḥzawaḥenjir, rbeẓẓlɛil, arba, icirriafrux
40wifetameṭṭuttameṭṭuthameṭṭuttamɣarttamṭṭutttamɣart, lahl
41husbandargazaryazargazaryazargazargaz
42motheryemmaimmaimmayemmammainna, immi
43fatherbabaxxxxbababababbababa
44animalaɣersiw, aywalamuderxxxxxlḥayawanlbhimt, lhwaych
45fishaslemaslemaslemasřemaslmislm
46birdafruxaylul, afruɣafruxajḍiḍajḍiḍagḍiḍ
47dogaqjunaɣjun, aɣerzul, aydiaqzinaydi, aqzin, aheggariydiaydi
48lousetilkittillegticelţticcittaxxuyttilkit
49snakeazremifiɣerfiɣerfiɣar, tarefsaifiɣralkmaḍ, ablinka
50wormtawekkatikečihaxeččaakeccaw, adan n tmurtawkkiwtawkka, tabxxuyt
51treettejra, useklutaseṭṭa, tasklutxxxxxssejart, asecřuasklu, axlijjtaddagt
52forestteẓgitagant, tiẓgiheẓgiřɣabet, taɣentɛaritagant
53stickaɛekkazaɣezzulageṭṭumakeccuḍ, aɛekkaz, taɣarcttaɣruct, taɣrittakccuḍ
54fruityigumma, lfakyaaferwi, agummuxxxxxřxuḍarttaḥbubtagemmu
55seedamudabruyxxxxxřḥebbifsan, zzrriɛt, amudamud
56leafifertiferthifritafartawriqt, ifrifr
57rootaẓaṛaẓarazaraẓwaraẓuraẓur
58bark (of a tree)iclemtaɣcurt, iclemaɣenbalthacitaqcurtifrkkit, ifrkki
59flowerajeǧǧigtaflurt, tajejjigtxxxxnnwar, tanewatcayjjigajddig
60grasstugatiffart, tugaxxxxxarrbiɛtugatuga, afar
61ropeamrarasɣunhezraasɣunasqqn, izikr, agatuccriṭṭ, izikr
62skinaɣlimaglimaglimiřemagʷlim, ahitur, aksumilm
63meataksumaksumaksumaysum, aksumaksumtifyyi
64bloodidammenidammeniḍammenidammenidammnidamn
65boneiɣasiɣesiɣesiɣesixṣixss
66fat (noun)eddhiniddumtigenfataduntims, tadunttadunt
67eggtamellalttamellalthaqcurttameǧatctaglayttaglayt
68horniccewiccawiqicicciskisk
69tailaẓeɛkuktalleqaḍt, tamɣilthajelalţakennasabrḍuḍacṭṭab, acwwaḍ
70featherincewxxxxxxxxxxarricrricabzzir
71hairanẓadazawanzaḍacewwafazzarazzar, ajaffa
72headaqeṛṛuiɣfixfixfiɣf, aqṛṛu, aqcacagayyu
73earameẓẓuɣimejji, amẓuɣamezzuɣameẓẓuɣamẓẓuɣamzzuɣ
74eyetiṭ, allentiṭ, alxxxxxtiṭtiṭṭ*tiṭṭ
75noseanzarenanzaren, aɣenfufinzertinzar, anzartignzar, anzarinxar
76mouthimiimiimiaqemmum, imiaqmu, imiimi
77toothuɣel, tuɣmesttiɣmesthiɣmesttiɣmestuxs, tuɣmst, uglaxs
78tongue (organ)ilesilesilesiresilsils
79fingernailaccariccericericcaraccr, iskr, axbaciskr
80footaḍaṛaḍardarḍaraḍarabaklla, aḍar, tiqqrt
81legaḍaṛamessaḍdarḍaraḍartiqqrt
82kneeaɣecririfudafuḍfudafudafud
83handafusafusafusfusafusafus
84wingafriwafriwaferafarafrifr
85bellyaɛəbbuḍxxxxxtaḍistaɛeddisaɛddis, adisaḥlig, adis, ahbbuḍ, aḥrur
86gutsijeɣdanxxxxxičrudanadanisṛman, taduwwartibaɛlal, ilawan, irawdan
87neckamgeṛḍiriiriiriḥnyi, amgrḍiggi umggrḍ, amggrḍ
88backuɛrurdefferimerziaɛrurtadawttiɣraḍ, timzaḍin
89breastidmarentaɛbbuctabebbucadmar, abbicabubbu, iffadmr
90heartululululul
91livertasatasahesatsatasatasa
92to drinksewsewsuwsuswsu
93to eateččeččeccccc, ic, ctta
94to biteɣeẓẓqqesxxxxxɣezz, zɛefcc, qqsbbi
95to sucktetteḍxxxxxxxxxxṭṭeḍḍssummssum
96to spitsusefxxxxxxxxxxssusefssufsssufs
97to vomiterrxxxxxxxxarr, ɛuqqrartrra
98to blowaduxxxxxxxxxssuḍssuḍsuff
99to breatheneffesxxxxxxxxxxarr nnefsssunfscuncḍ
100to laughyeṣṣxxxxxxxxxxḍḥecṭsḍssa
101to seeẓerxxxxxezrẓar, wařaannayẓr, mnid, smuqql
102to hearselxxxxxxxxxxseřslslla, slla
103to knowissinxxxxxxxxxxssenisinssn
104to thinkxemmemxxxxxxxxxxxxemmem, pinsar, tɣirxmmmswingm
105to smellsfeħxxxxxxxxxxcemmkḍukḍu
106to fearɣeddxxxxxxxxxxggʷedggʷdkṣuḍ
107to sleepṭṭesxxxxxxxxxxṭṭesgnṭs
108to livezdeɣxxxxxxxxxxzdeɣddrsul, ddr
109to dieemmetxxxxxxxxxxmmet, nnuṛimmtmmt
110to killenɣxxxxxenɣneɣ
111to fightmecčxxxxxxxxxxmneɣnnaɣmmaɣ
112to huntṣeyyeḍxxxxxxxxxxymargmr*gmr
113to hitweṭxxxxxxxxxxwwet, ssqergʷtut
114to cutgzemxxxxxxxxxxqess, fribbybbi
115to splitbeḍḍxxxxxxxxxxbḍastɣ, ṭṭiqsbḍu
116to stabiweṭxxxxxxxxxxwwet s rmus, pikarnqqbsyags
117to scratchxebbecxxxxxxxxxxcmezkmzkrrj
118to digɣezxxxxxxxxxxɣezɣzɣz
119to swimɛumxxxxxxxxxxfdeḥ, ɛumɛumaɛwm
120to flyafeɣxxxxxxxxxxḍu, farfarafrwayl
121to walkedduxxxxxxxxxxuyurddufttu
122to comeasxxxxxxxxxxasas, ddu dackd, actt, aywad
123to lie (as in a bed)ɣenxxxxxxxxxxẓẓergngn
124to sitqqimxxxxxxxxxxqqimqqimggawr
125to standbeddxxxxxxxxxxbeddbdd, nkrbidd
126to turn (intransitive)zzixxxxxxxxxxqřebḍuwrssutl
127to fallɣlixxxxxxxxxxwḍaḍr, ttuttyḍr
128to giveefkxxxxxxxxxxewckffk
129to holdṭṭefxxxxxxxxxxcebbarṭṭf, amẓamẓ, zzga
130to squeezezmeɣxxxxxxxxxxẓemmẓm, ẓiyrẓm
131to rubħekkxxxxxxxxxxnḥed, ḥekkmryḥukku
132to washssiredxxxxxxxxxxssiad, ssrirssirdssird
133to wipesfedxxxxxxxxxxmseḥsfḍṣfḍ
134to pulljebbedxxxxxxxxxxjbed, jaṛṛnzɣ, ldiawk
135to pushdemmerxxxxxxxxxxɛarntḥi, dfɛdḥi
136to throwreɣxxxxxxxxnḍar, seyyeb, ḥrigrluḥ
137to tieqqenxxxxxxxxxxqqen, cedd, carfass, qqn, krs, krfass, krs
138to sewxaḍxxxxxxxxxxxxxeyyeḍgnugnu
139to countħsebxxxxxxxxxxḥsebḥasbḥasb
140to sayinixxxxxxxxxxiniiniini
141to singcenncna, zel, iniinzizɣennejirir, ini izlantirir
142to playurarirarxxxxxirarurar, hdr, lɛbhḍr
143to floattfelxxxxxxxxxxfdeḥhzza*aywul
144to floweɣdersazzel, scercerxxxxxazzerazzl, suddm, ngi, rwlngi
145to freezesseɣresxxxxxxxxxxjars, jmedgrs, jmmdsɣr
146to swellceffxxxxxxxxxxuffaffuff
147suniṭijtafuyt, tiṭṭijtfwittfuyt, tfucttafukttafukt
148moonagguragurxxxxxayurayurayyur
149staritriitrixxxxxitriitrititrit
150wateramanamanamanamanamanaman
151rainaɣeffurtametna, tigerretxxxxxanẓaranẓaranẓar
152riverasifisufiɣzeɣiɣzarasifasif
153lakeugelmimagulmimhamḍaarimamagʷlmamtamda
154seailelillelxxxxxrebḥarlbḥrlbḥr
155saltlmelħtisentxxxxxtameǧaḥttisnttisnt
156stoneaẓrutaẓruthuqitaẓṛuaẓru*, islliaẓru
157sandijdiijdiijeḍiijdialxix, rrmlaamlal
158dustaɣɣebaṛxxxxxxxxxxtaɣebbarttagdṛuṛtagḍrur
159earthaxalaxalcalšarakalakal
160cloudasiɣnaasignaasignaasegnuisgnwamdlu
161fogaɣuayuhawttayyuttagʷutttagut
162skyigenniajennaajennaajennaignnaignna
163windaḍuaḍuxxxxxaḍu, asemmiḍazwu, aɣrbiaḍu
164snowadfeladfelaḍfel, hamačemţadferadfladfl
165iceaɣrisxxxxxazricajrisiwri, agʷris, agrisadfl
166smokeabbuagguxxxxxddexxanagguaggu
167firetimesstimess, taɛfiythimesitimessiafa, lɛafitlɛfit, takat
168ashiɣediɣediɣeḍiɣediɣdiɣd
169to burnṛeɣserɣarɣ, ssḥarq, cmeḍɣus*, ssɣus*, kmḍjdr
170roadabridabṛiḍxxxxxabridabridaɣaras
171mountainadraradraraḍraradrarjjblamadl, adrar
172redazeggaɣazuggʷaɣazeggaɣazeggʷaɣazggʷaɣazggaɣ
173greenazeɣzawazizawazegzaazegzaw, arrbiɛiazgzawazgzaw
174yellowawṛaɣawṛaɣawraɣawṛaɣawraɣawraɣ
175whiteamellalamellalamellalacemřařumlil, amllalumlil, acumlil
176blackaberkanaberkanaberxanaberkanabrkan, abxxucaxḍri, asggan
177nightiḍiḍiḍǧiretiḍiḍ
178dayassassass, azilnnhar, assassass
179yearaseggasaseggasaseggʷasaseggʷasasggʷasasggʷas
180warmazɣalamezɣulxxxxxḥmaḥmu, tirɣi
181coldasemmiḍasemmiḍasemmidasemmiḍsmiḍaṣmmiḍ
182fullačaṛanameccurxxxxxccurɛmmriktar
183newamaynuatrarxxxxxjjdidujdidljdid
184oldadim, aqbuṛammɣar, awessarawsarameqqranaqdim*aqdim
185goodyelhaamehlay, amalaɣazaimṣbeḥiẓil, ɣuduifulki
186badyiricmetuxicaɛeffangar, xxu, uriḥlinixcn
187rottenyerkaxxxxxxxxxxxṣarrcu*ihlk
188dirtyyumasaɣamej, amerkuamaḥfunmarreɣrku, umum*, wsxirkal
189straightsridusridxxxxxnicannm, sggmyuɣd
190roundimdewweṛxxxxxakernennayaqurayamḍuwrissutl
191sharp (as a knife)yemsed mliħxxxxxxxxxxqḍeɛcwuimsad
192dull (as a knife)yeħfaxxxxxxxxxxḥfaḥfuiḥfa
193smoothalewwaɣaleggʷaɣ, aslufanxxxxxařeqqaɣalggʷaɣiḥrar
194wetyibzeɣabzeyabzeguffbzy, mmɣibdag
195dryakiwanaɣuranancefazeɣqqar, zwuizwa
196correctiseħħa, yelhaxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxnicanstitt, sḥu, lḥqqiṣḥa
197nearsdasxxxxxxxxxadesd*, qrrbyaẓ
198farbɛiddunnxxxxxggʷejbɛdyaggug
199rightuyeffusazref, ameɣudayfusafusiafasiafasi
200leftuzelmaḍazelmaḍazelmadaẓermaḍaẓlmaḍaẓlmaḍ
201atɣef, dxxxxx, dɣer, ɣɣarɣr, yɣ
202indegxxxxxdeg, di, egdiy, dyɣ
203withakkedyid, yaraakid, dakeddd
204anddd, eakidddd
205ifmama, mdama, kagella, lukanmařamk
206becauseackuackusiminziɛlaḥqqacku
207nameisemisemisemismismism
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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