Appendix:Berber Swadesh lists

This is a Swadesh list of Berber languages, specifically Kabyle, Tachawit, Chenoua, Tarifit, Central Atlas Tamazight and Tashelhit, compared with that of English.

№	English	Kabyle edit (207)	Tachawit edit (207)	Chenoua edit (207)	Tarifit edit (207)	Central Atlas Tamazight edit (206)	Tashelhit edit (207)
1	I (1sg)	nekk	nečč	neč	necc	nkk	nkki
2	you (2sg)	kečč, kemm	cekk, cemm	cek, cekinţin, cem, cemminţin	cekk*, cemm*	kgg*, kmm*	kyyi, kmmi
3	he, she, it (3sg)	netta	netta, nettat	neţa, neţan	netta*, nettat*	ntta*, nttat*	ntta, nttat
4	we (1pl)	nekni, nekkenti	neččni, neččenti	necnin	neccin	nukkni	nkkʷni, nkkʷnti
5	you (2pl)	kunwi, kunnemti	kenwi, kennemti	kennim, kennimţ	kenniw*, kennint*	kunni*, kninti*	kʷnni, kʷnninti
6	they (3pl)	nutni, nutenti	nehni, nehenti	nahnin, nahninţ	nihni*, nihenti*	nihni*, nihnti*	nttni, nttnti
7	this	a, ta	way, tai	wa	wa*, ta*, aya*	wad*, tad*, ayad*	ɣad, ad
8	that	wihin, tihin	win, tin	win	win*, tin*, ayin*	wan*, tan*, ayin*	ɣan, an
9	here	d	day	awra, ḍa	da	dad	ɣid
10	there	n	din	ḍin	din	din	ɣin
11	who	anwa	wi	manay	wi	may	ma(n)
12	what	acu	mata	maţa	min	may	mi(t)
13	where	anda	mani	anda	mani	mani	mani
14	when	melmi	melmi	melmi	meřmi	milmi, mantur	managu
15	how	amek	mammek	mamex	mamec, muk	mimk	manik, mamnk
16	not	ur...ara	ur	u...eš	ur	ur	ur
17	all	aku	akkʷel, yal	elkul	marra	qaḥ, kul	akkʷ, kullu
18	many	aṭas	labas, aṭas	ayţa	aṭṭas	bzzaf, ggidi	kada, mnnaw
19	some	kra	qra	cra	ca	ca	kra
20	few	drus, cwiya	drus	ḍrus	drus	imik, cwiy	imik
21	other	niḍen	nniḍen, iḍen	enniden	nneɣni, nniḍen	yaḍn, yaḍnin	wayyaḍ, tayyaḍ
22	one	yiwen	yeǧ, wiṭ	iǧ	ijjen*, icten*	yun, yut*	yan
23	two	sin	sen	sen	tnayn	sin, snat*	sin
24	three	kraḍ	kraḍ	telata	třata	kraḍ	kraḍ
25	four	kuẓ	kuẓ	rebɛa	arbɛa	kkuẓ, rbɛa	kkuẓ
26	five	semmus	semmus	xemsa	xemsa	smmus, xmsa	smmus
27	big	ameqqran	ameɣran	ameqran	ameqqran	axatar, amqqran	imqqur
28	long	aɣezfan	azegrar	azegrar	aziyrar	aɣzzaf	uɣzif, iɣzzif
29	wide	wessiɛ, abaraw	yiraw	miryu	miriw	fliy, wsɛ	yusɛa
30	thick	azuran	azewwar	azwar	gdar	zur*	iṭṭubz, iḍni
31	heavy	ẓẓay	yiẓẓay	zinzer	dqeř	ẓẓag, stil	iẓẓay
32	small	ameẓjan, amecṭuḥ	xxxx	amekdud, amezyan	ameẓẓyan	amẓẓyan	imzziy
33	short	wezzil	agilal	aqudid	aquḍaḍ	acṭṭwan, gzil	igzzul
34	narrow	uħṛis	xxxx	udar	ḥsar	qmr	ikrruz
35	thin	rqiq	xxxx	xxx	azdad	sdid*	icḍaḍ, isdid
36	woman	tameṭṭut	tameṭṭut	hameṭṭut	tamɣart, tameṭṭut	tamṭṭutt	tamɣart
37	man (adult male)	argaz	aryaz	argaz	aryaz	argaz	argaz
38	man (human being)	amdan	alsi	argaz	aryaz, amdan	argaz	afgan
39	child	agrud	ahyuy	arrac, aḥzaw	aḥenjir, rbeẓẓ	lɛil, arba, icirri	afrux
40	wife	tameṭṭut	tameṭṭut	hameṭṭut	tamɣart	tamṭṭutt	tamɣart, lahl
41	husband	argaz	aryaz	argaz	aryaz	argaz	argaz
42	mother	yemma	imma	imma	yemma	mma	inna, immi
43	father	baba	xxxx	baba	baba	bba	baba
44	animal	aɣersiw, aywal	amuder	xxxxx	lḥayawan		lbhimt, lhwaych
45	fish	aslem	aslem	aslem	asřem	aslm	islm
46	bird	afrux	aylul, afruɣ	afrux	ajḍiḍ	ajḍiḍ	agḍiḍ
47	dog	aqjun	aɣjun, aɣerzul, aydi	aqzin	aydi, aqzin, aheggar	iydi	aydi
48	louse	tilkit	tillegt	icelţ	ticcit	taxxuyt	tilkit
49	snake	azrem	ifiɣer	fiɣer	fiɣar, tarefsa	ifiɣr	alkmaḍ, ablinka
50	worm	tawekka	tikeči	haxečča	akeccaw, adan n tmurt	awkkiw	tawkka, tabxxuyt
51	tree	ttejra, useklu	taseṭṭa, tasklut	xxxxx	ssejart, asecřu	asklu, axlijj	taddagt
52	forest	teẓgi	tagant, tiẓgi	heẓgi	řɣabet, taɣent	ɛari	tagant
53	stick	aɛekkaz	aɣezzul	ageṭṭum	akeccuḍ, aɛekkaz, taɣarct	taɣruct, taɣritt	akccuḍ
54	fruit	yigumma, lfakya	aferwi, agummu	xxxxx	řxuḍart	taḥbubt	agemmu
55	seed	amud	abruy	xxxxx	řḥebb	ifsan, zzrriɛt, amud	amud
56	leaf	ifer	tifert	hifrit	afar	tawriqt, ifr	ifr
57	root	aẓaṛ	aẓar	azar	aẓwar	aẓur	aẓur
58	bark (of a tree)	iclem	taɣcurt, iclem	aɣenbal	thacit	aqcur	tifrkkit, ifrkki
59	flower	ajeǧǧig	taflurt, tajejjigt	xxxx	nnwar, tanewatc	ayjjig	ajddig
60	grass	tuga	tiffart, tuga	xxxxx	arrbiɛ	tuga	tuga, afar
61	rope	amrar	asɣun	hezra	asɣun	asqqn, izikr, agatu	ccriṭṭ, izikr
62	skin	aɣlim	aglim	aglim	iřem	agʷlim, ahitur, aksum	ilm
63	meat	aksum	aksum	aksum	aysum, aksum	aksum	tifyyi
64	blood	idammen	idammen	iḍammen	idammen	idammn	idamn
65	bone	iɣas	iɣes	iɣes	iɣes	ixṣ	ixss
66	fat (noun)	eddhin	iddumt	igenfa	tadunt	ims, tadunt	tadunt
67	egg	tamellalt	tamellalt	haqcurt	tameǧatc	taglayt	taglayt
68	horn	iccew	iccaw	iqic	icc	isk	isk
69	tail	aẓeɛkuk	talleqaḍt, tamɣilt	hajelalţ	akennas	abrḍuḍ	acṭṭab, acwwaḍ
70	feather	incew	xxxxx	xxxxx	arric	rric	abzzir
71	hair	anẓad	azaw	anzaḍ	acewwaf	azzar	azzar, ajaffa
72	head	aqeṛṛu	iɣf	ixf	ixf	iɣf, aqṛṛu, aqcac	agayyu
73	ear	ameẓẓuɣ	imejji, amẓuɣ	amezzuɣ	ameẓẓuɣ	amẓẓuɣ	amzzuɣ
74	eye	tiṭ, allen	tiṭ, al	xxxxx	tiṭ	tiṭṭ*	tiṭṭ
75	nose	anzaren	anzaren, aɣenfuf	inzer	tinzar, anzar	tignzar, anzar	inxar
76	mouth	imi	imi	imi	aqemmum, imi	aqmu, imi	imi
77	tooth	uɣel, tuɣmest	tiɣmest	hiɣmest	tiɣmest	uxs, tuɣmst, ugl	axs
78	tongue (organ)	iles	iles	iles	ires	ils	ils
79	fingernail	accar	iccer	icer	iccar	accr, iskr, axbac	iskr
80	foot	aḍaṛ	aḍar	dar	ḍar	aḍar	abaklla, aḍar, tiqqrt
81	leg	aḍaṛ	amessaḍ	dar	ḍar	aḍar	tiqqrt
82	knee	aɣecrir	ifud	afuḍ	fud	afud	afud
83	hand	afus	afus	afus	fus	afus	afus
84	wing	afriw	afriw	afer	afar	afr	ifr
85	belly	aɛəbbuḍ	xxxxx	taḍist	aɛeddis	aɛddis, adis	aḥlig, adis, ahbbuḍ, aḥrur
86	guts	ijeɣdan	xxxxx	ičrudan	adan	isṛman, taduwwart	ibaɛlal, ilawan, irawdan
87	neck	amgeṛḍ	iri	iri	iri	ḥnyi, amgrḍ	iggi umggrḍ, amggrḍ
88	back	uɛrur	deffer	imerzi	aɛrur	tadawt	tiɣraḍ, timzaḍin
89	breast	idmaren	taɛbbuct	abebbuc	admar, abbic	abubbu, iff	admr
90	heart	ul	ul	ul	uř	ul	ul
91	liver	tasa	tasa	hesa	tsa	tasa	tasa
92	to drink	sew	sew	suw	su	sw	su
93	to eat	ečč	ečč	eţ	ecc	cc	c, ic, ctta
94	to bite	ɣeẓẓ	qqes	xxxxx	ɣezz, zɛef	cc, qqs	bbi
95	to suck	tetteḍ	xxxxx	xxxxx	ṭṭeḍḍ	ssumm	ssum
96	to spit	susef	xxxxx	xxxxx	ssusef	ssufs	ssufs
97	to vomit	err	xxxx	xxxx	arr, ɛuqq	rar	trra
98	to blow	adu	xxxx	xxxxx	ssuḍ	ssuḍ	suff
99	to breathe	neffes	xxxxx	xxxxx	arr nnefs	ssunfs	cuncḍ
100	to laugh	yeṣṣ	xxxxx	xxxxx	ḍḥec	ṭs	ḍssa
101	to see	ẓer	xxxxx	ezr	ẓar, wařa	annay	ẓr, mnid, smuqql
102	to hear	sel	xxxxx	xxxxx	seř	sl	slla, slla
103	to know	issin	xxxxx	xxxxx	ssen	isin	ssn
104	to think	xemmem	xxxxxx	xxxxx	xemmem, pinsar, tɣir	xmmm	swingm
105	to smell	sfeħ	xxxxx	xxxxx	cemm	kḍu	kḍu
106	to fear	ɣedd	xxxxx	xxxxx	ggʷed	ggʷd	kṣuḍ
107	to sleep	ṭṭes	xxxxx	xxxxx	ṭṭes	gn	ṭs
108	to live	zdeɣ	xxxxx	xxxxx	zdeɣ	ddr	sul, ddr
109	to die	emmet	xxxxx	xxxxx	mmet, nnuṛi	mmt	mmt
110	to kill	enɣ	xxxxx	enɣ	neɣ	nɣ	nɣ
111	to fight	mecč	xxxxx	xxxxx	mneɣ	nnaɣ	mmaɣ
112	to hunt	ṣeyyeḍ	xxxxx	xxxxx	ymar	gmr*	gmr
113	to hit	weṭ	xxxxx	xxxxx	wwet, ssqer	gʷt	ut
114	to cut	gzem	xxxxx	xxxxx	qess, fri	bby	bbi
115	to split	beḍḍ	xxxxx	xxxxx	bḍa	stɣ, ṭṭiqs	bḍu
116	to stab	iweṭ	xxxxx	xxxxx	wwet s rmus, pikar	nqqb	syags
117	to scratch	xebbec	xxxxx	xxxxx	cmez	kmz	krrj
118	to dig	ɣez	xxxxx	xxxxx	ɣez	ɣz	ɣz
119	to swim	ɛum	xxxxx	xxxxx	fdeḥ, ɛum	ɛum	aɛwm
120	to fly	afeɣ	xxxxx	xxxxx	ḍu, farfar	afrw	ayl
121	to walk	eddu	xxxxx	xxxxx	uyur	ddu	fttu
122	to come	as	xxxxx	xxxxx	as	as, ddu d	ackd, actt, aywad
123	to lie (as in a bed)	ɣen	xxxxx	xxxxx	ẓẓer	gn	gn
124	to sit	qqim	xxxxx	xxxxx	qqim	qqim	ggawr
125	to stand	bedd	xxxxx	xxxxx	bedd	bdd, nkr	bidd
126	to turn (intransitive)	zzi	xxxxx	xxxxx	qřeb	ḍuwr	ssutl
127	to fall	ɣli	xxxxx	xxxxx	wḍa	ḍr, ttutty	ḍr
128	to give	efk	xxxxx	xxxxx	ewc	kf	fk
129	to hold	ṭṭef	xxxxx	xxxxx	cebbar	ṭṭf, amẓ	amẓ, zzga
130	to squeeze	zmeɣ	xxxxx	xxxxx	ẓemm	ẓm, ẓiyr	ẓm
131	to rub	ħekk	xxxxx	xxxxx	nḥed, ḥekk	mry	ḥukku
132	to wash	ssired	xxxxx	xxxxx	ssiad, ssrir	ssird	ssird
133	to wipe	sfed	xxxxx	xxxxx	mseḥ	sfḍ	ṣfḍ
134	to pull	jebbed	xxxxx	xxxxx	jbed, jaṛṛ	nzɣ, ldi	awk
135	to push	demmer	xxxxx	xxxxx	ɛarn	tḥi, dfɛ	dḥi
136	to throw	reɣ	xxxx	xxxx	nḍar, seyyeb, ḥri	gr	luḥ
137	to tie	qqen	xxxxx	xxxxx	qqen, cedd, carf	ass, qqn, krs, krf	ass, krs
138	to sew	xaḍ	xxxxxx	xxxxxx	xeyyeḍ	gnu	gnu
139	to count	ħseb	xxxxx	xxxxx	ḥseb	ḥasb	ḥasb
140	to say	ini	xxxxx	xxxxx	ini	ini	ini
141	to sing	cenn	cna, zel, ini	inziz	ɣennej	irir, ini izlan	tirir
142	to play	urar	irar	xxxxx	irar	urar, hdr, lɛb	hḍr
143	to float	tfel	xxxxx	xxxxx	fdeḥ	hzza*	aywul
144	to flow	eɣder	sazzel, scercer	xxxxx	azzer	azzl, suddm, ngi, rwl	ngi
145	to freeze	sseɣres	xxxxx	xxxxx	jars, jmed	grs, jmmd	sɣr
146	to swell	ceff	xxxxx	xxxxx	uff	aff	uff
147	sun	iṭij	tafuyt, tiṭṭijt	fwit	tfuyt, tfuct	tafukt	tafukt
148	moon	aggur	agur	xxxxx	ayur	ayur	ayyur
149	star	itri	itri	xxxxx	itri	itri	titrit
150	water	aman	aman	aman	aman	aman	aman
151	rain	aɣeffur	tametna, tigerret	xxxxx	anẓar	anẓar	anẓar
152	river	asif	isuf	iɣzeɣ	iɣzar	asif	asif
153	lake	ugelmim	agulmim	hamḍa	arimam	agʷlmam	tamda
154	sea	ilel	illel	xxxxx	rebḥar	lbḥr	lbḥr
155	salt	lmelħ	tisent	xxxxx	tameǧaḥt	tisnt	tisnt
156	stone	aẓru	taẓrut	huqit	aẓṛu	aẓru*, islli	aẓru
157	sand	ijdi	ijdi	ijeḍi	ijdi	alxix, rrmla	amlal
158	dust	aɣɣebaṛ	xxxxx	xxxxx	taɣebbart	tagdṛuṛt	agḍrur
159	earth	axal	axal	cal	šar	akal	akal
160	cloud	asiɣna	asigna	asigna	asegnu	isgnw	amdlu
161	fog	aɣu	ayu	hawt	tayyut	tagʷutt	tagut
162	sky	igenni	ajenna	ajenna	ajenna	ignna	ignna
163	wind	aḍu	aḍu	xxxxx	aḍu, asemmiḍ	azwu, aɣrbi	aḍu
164	snow	adfel	adfel	aḍfel, hamačemţ	adfer	adfl	adfl
165	ice	aɣris	xxxxx	azric	ajris	iwri, agʷris, agris	adfl
166	smoke	abbu	aggu	xxxxx	ddexxan	aggu	aggu
167	fire	timess	timess, taɛfiyt	himesi	timessi	afa, lɛafit	lɛfit, takat
168	ash	iɣed	iɣed	iɣeḍ	iɣed	iɣd	iɣd
169	to burn	ṛeɣ	serɣ	eɣ	arɣ, ssḥarq, cmeḍ	ɣus*, ssɣus*, kmḍ	jdr
170	road	abrid	abṛiḍ	xxxxx	abrid	abrid	aɣaras
171	mountain	adrar	adrar	aḍrar	adrar	jjbl	amadl, adrar
172	red	azeggaɣ	azuggʷaɣ	azeggaɣ	azeggʷaɣ	azggʷaɣ	azggaɣ
173	green	azeɣzaw	azizaw	azegza	azegzaw, arrbiɛi	azgzaw	azgzaw
174	yellow	awṛaɣ	awṛaɣ	awraɣ	awṛaɣ	awraɣ	awraɣ
175	white	amellal	amellal	amellal	acemřař	umlil, amllal	umlil, acumlil
176	black	aberkan	aberkan	aberxan	aberkan	abrkan, abxxuc	axḍri, asggan
177	night	iḍ	iḍ	iḍ	ǧiret	iḍ	iḍ
178	day	ass	ass	ass, azil	nnhar, ass	ass	ass
179	year	aseggas	aseggas	aseggʷas	aseggʷas	asggʷas	asggʷas
180	warm	azɣal	amezɣul	xxxxx	ḥma	ḥmu, rɣ	tirɣi
181	cold	asemmiḍ	asemmiḍ	asemmid	asemmiḍ	smiḍ	aṣmmiḍ
182	full	ačaṛan	ameccur	xxxxx	ccur	ɛmmr	iktar
183	new	amaynu	atrar	xxxxx	jjdid	ujdid	ljdid
184	old	adim, aqbuṛ	ammɣar, awessar	awsar	ameqqran	aqdim*	aqdim
185	good	yelha	amehlay, amalaɣ	azaim	ṣbeḥ	iẓil, ɣudu	ifulki
186	bad	yir	icmet	uxic	aɛeffan	gar, xxu, uriḥlin	ixcn
187	rotten	yerka	xxxxx	xxxxx	xṣar	rcu*	ihlk
188	dirty	yumas	aɣamej, amerku	amaḥfun	marreɣ	rku, umum*, wsx	irkal
189	straight	srid	usrid	xxxxx	nican	nm, sggm	yuɣd
190	round	imdewweṛ	xxxxx	akernennay	aquray	amḍuwr	issutl
191	sharp (as a knife)	yemsed mliħ	xxxxx	xxxxx	qḍeɛ	cwu	imsad
192	dull (as a knife)	yeħfa	xxxxx	xxxxx	ḥfa	ḥfu	iḥfa
193	smooth	alewwaɣ	aleggʷaɣ, aslufan	xxxxx	ařeqqaɣ	alggʷaɣ	iḥrar
194	wet	yibzeɣ	abzey	abzeg	uff	bzy, mmɣ	ibdag
195	dry	akiwan	aɣuran	ancef	azeɣ	qqar, zwu	izwa
196	correct	iseħħa, yelha	xxxxx, xxxxx	xxxxx, xxxxx	nican	stitt, sḥu, lḥqq	iṣḥa
197	near	sdas	xxxx	xxxxx	ades	d*, qrrb	yaẓ
198	far	bɛid	dunn	xxxxx	ggʷej	bɛd	yaggug
199	right	uyeffus	azref, ameɣud	ayfus	afusi	afasi	afasi
200	left	uzelmaḍ	azelmaḍ	azelmad	aẓermaḍ	aẓlmaḍ	aẓlmaḍ
201	at	ɣef, d	xxxxx, d	ɣer, ɣ	ɣar	ɣr, y	ɣ
202	in	deg	xxxxx	deg, di, eg	di	y, dy	ɣ
203	with	akked	yid, yara	akid, d	aked	d	d
204	and	d	d, e	akid	d	d	d
205	if	ma	ma, mda	ma, kagella, lukan	mařa	mk	iɣ
206	because	acku	acku	si	minzi	ɛlaḥqq	acku
207	name	isem	isem	isem	ism	ism	ism

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Abinomn Albanian Amdo Tibetan Amharic Armenian Asturian Avar Azerbaijani Bangala Bashkir Basque Bengali–Assamese Assamese Bengali Berber Moroccan Amazigh Tashelhit Central Atlas Tamazight Big Nambas Bikol Central Bikol Iriga Bicolano Bisayan Cebuano Hiligaynon Kinaray-a Masbatenyo Tausug Waray-Waray Breton Bulgarian Burushaski Cape Verdean Catalan Chamorro Chechen Cornish Creole Antillean Creole Guinea-Bissau Creole Jamaican Creole Haitian Creole Crimean Tatar Czech Old Czech Dalmatian Danish Dravidian Malayalam Tamil Egyptian Elamite Estonian Etruscan Fanagalo Faroese Fijian Finnish Fongbe French Old French Creole French Mauritian Creole Frisian West Frisian Friulian Galician Garo Gelao Georgian Germanic Highland Germanic German Creole High Germanic Yiddish Western Germanic Lowland Western Germanic Dutch Afrikaans Limburgish Zealandic English Old English Middle English Gothic Greek Ancient Greek Guaraní Gujarati Hausa Hawaiian Hindustani Hindi Fiji Hindi Urdu Hittite Hmong White Hmong Hungarian Hunsrik Icelandic Ilocano Indonesian Ingush Irish Japonic Japanese Classical Japanese Old Japanese Okinawan Javan Javanic Eastern Javanic Javanese Kangeanic Osing Sunda Sundanese Creole Javan Betawi Javindo Kannada Kapampangan Kashubian Kazakh Khoemana Komi-Zyrian Konkani Jizhao Koreanic Korean Middle Korean Jeju Kra-Dai Khmer Thai Kurmanji Kurukh Kyrgyz Latin Romance Latin Aromanian Italian Vulgar Latin Latvian Ligurian Lingala Linngithigh Lithuanian Lombard Low Saxon Sallaands Macedonian Maguindanao Malagasy Maltese Mandaic Manipuri Mansi Northern Mansi Manx Maori Maranao Marathi Old Marathi Megleno-Romanian Mongolian Mokilese Murui Huitoto Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Norwegian Bokmål Nynorsk Occitan Ojibwe Ossetian Papiamento Pashto Persian Old Persian Middle Persian Pirahã Polish Old Polish Portuguese Old Portuguese Punjabi Purepecha Quechua Romani Caló Romanian Sambali Sangisari Sanskrit Saraiki Scottish Gaelic Semitic Arabic Cypriot Arabic Egyptian Arabic Juba Arabic Moroccan Arabic South Levantine Arabic Tunisian Arabic Hebrew Biblical Hebrew Modern Hebrew Serbo-Croatian Sicilian Silesian Sinhala Slavic Eastern Slavic Belarusian Russian Rusyn Carpathian Rusyn Ukrainian Southern Slavic Slovene Western Slavic Slovak Sorbian Lower Sorbian Upper Sorbian Somali Spanish Creole Spanish Chavacano Sranan Sulawesi Southern Sulawesi Bugis Makasar Sumatran Eastern Sumatran Malay Musi Western Sumatran Minangkabau Sumerian Swahili Swedish Tagalog Tahitian Tajik Tatar Siberian Tatar Telugu Temiar Tetum Tigrinya Tocharian B Tok Pisin Tooro Tswana Tupian Old Tupi Turkic Turkish Turkmen Western Turkic Uyghur Tuvaluan Uzbek Vietnamese Walloon Welsh West Coast Bajau Wutunhua Wyandot Zazaki Zulu ǃXóõ
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Afroasiatic Algonquian and Iroquoian Arabic Austroasiatic Austronesian (Oceanic) Baltic Bantu Berber Celtic Chumashan and Hokan Dene–Yeniseian Dravidian Formosan Frisian Germanic Hmong-Mien Indo-Aryan Middle Early New Pahari Rajasthani Sindhic Indo-Iranian Italian Japonic Kra–Dai Mayan Muskogean Niger–Congo Northeast Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Oto-Manguean Paleosiberian Pama-Nyungan Penutian Romance Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Mandarin Standard Mandarin Sichuanese Nanjing Mandarin Cantonese Gan Hakka Min Hokkien Eastern Min Wu Shanghainese Suzhounese Xiang Old Chinese Middle Chinese Raji-Raute Tibeto-Burman Burmese Nepal Tibeto-Burman Kho-Bwa Kuki-Chin Slavic Siouan and Pawnee South American Tungusic Tupian Turkic Uralic Finnic Uto-Aztecan
Constructed languages
Esperanto Ido Interlingua Interlingue Klingon Láadan Lingua Franca Nova Lingwa de Planeta Lojban Novial Toki Pona Volapük
Reconstructed proto-languages
Proto-Afroasiatic Proto-Austroasiatic Proto-Austronesian Proto-Balto-Slavic Proto-Bantu Proto-Basque Proto-Celtic Proto-Germanic Proto-Hellenic Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-Iranian Proto-Italic Proto-Japonic Proto-Mayan Proto-Slavic Proto-Turkic Proto-West Germanic Proto-Tai
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