小說

See also: 小説 and 小说

Chinese

Etymology 1

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	to speak; to say; persuade (politically)
trad. (小說)		小	說
simp. (小说)		小	说

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiǎoshuō

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): siu² syut³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau² sot²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): séu-sot

(Meixian, Guangdong): xiau³ sod⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): siēu-siók
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sió-soat / siáu-soat

(Teochew, Peng'im): siou² suêh⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shiau-seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuo
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-shuo¹
  - Yale: syǎu-shwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuo
  - Palladius: сяошо (sjaošo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuōr
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuor
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-shuo¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: syǎu-shwōr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuol
  - Palladius: сяошор (sjaošor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯ɔɻ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔː⁵¹ fə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: siu² syut³
  - Yale: síu syut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: siu² syt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xiu² xud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯³⁵ syːt̚³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    小說 / 小说
    小雪
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhiau² sot²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiau⁵⁵ sᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-sot
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu^ˋ sod^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu³ sod⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ sot̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xiau³ sod⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /siau³¹ sɔt̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-siók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)luɔʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-soat
  - Tâi-lô: sió-suat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioysoad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-soat
  - Tâi-lô: siáu-suat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siawsoad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siou² suêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sióu sueh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siou⁵²⁻³⁵ sueʔ²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shiau-seq
  - MiniDict: shiau^去 seh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xiau-seq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: sjewX sywet

Rime
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	私兆切	失爇切
Baxter	sjewX	sywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu^X/	/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu^X/	/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu^X/	/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw^X/	/ɕwiat̚/
Li Rong	/siɛu^X/	/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu^X/	/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu^X/	/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo	shuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu²	syut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ l̥ot/

(Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ hljod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo	shuō
Middle Chinese	‹ sjew^X ›	‹ sywet ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ewʔ/	/*l̥ot/
English	small	speak, explain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	13705	2571
Phonetic component	小	兑
Rime group	宵	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	小	說
Old Chinese	/*smewʔ/	/*hljod/
Notes	甲金文象沙而指小，指事字

Noun

小說

fiction (including novels, novellas, short stories and flash fiction) (Classifier: 本; 部)
一本小說／一本小说 ― yī běn xiǎoshuō ― a work of fiction

通俗小說／通俗小说 ― tōngsú xiǎoshuō ― popular fiction

這部電影改編自著名的同名小說。 [MSC, trad.]
这部电影改编自着名的同名小说。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè bù diànyǐng gǎibiān zì zhùmíng de tóngmíng xiǎoshuō. [Pinyin]
The film is adapted from the well-known novel of the same name.

我從來沒有想到他是那本小說的作者。 [MSC, trad.]
我从来没有想到他是那本小说的作者。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ cónglái méiyǒu xiǎngdào tā shì nà běn xiǎoshuō de zuòzhě. [Pinyin]
It never occurred to me that he was the author of that novel.

這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。 [MSC, trad.]
这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò. [Pinyin]
The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.
(literary) petty words
- 飾小說以干縣令，其於大達亦遠矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  饰小说以干县令，其于大达亦远矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Shì xiǎoshuō yǐ gān xuánlìng, qí yú dàdá yì yuǎn yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Those who dress up their small tales to obtain favour with the magistrates are far from being men of great understanding
(literary) miscellaneous book (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

Related terms

故事 (gùshi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (小說):

→ Japanese: 小(しょう)説(せつ) (shōsetsu)
→ Korean: 소설(小說) (soseol)
→ Vietnamese: tiểu thuyết (小說)

Etymology 2

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	joy (original character of 悅)
trad. (小說)		小	說
simp. (小说)		小	说

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎoyuè

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoyuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoyuè
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-yüeh⁴
  - Yale: syǎu-ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheauyueh
  - Palladius: сяоюэ (sjaojue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: sjewX ywet

Rime
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	薛 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	私兆切	弋雪切
Baxter	sjewX	ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu^X/	/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu^X/	/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu^X/	/juæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw^X/	/jwiat̚/
Li Rong	/siɛu^X/	/iuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu^X/	/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu^X/	/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu²	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ lod/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	13705	2577
Phonetic component	小	兑
Rime group	宵	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	小	悅
Old Chinese	/*smewʔ/	/*lod/
Notes	甲金文象沙而指小，指事字

Noun

小說

(literary) little joy

Japanese

Kanji in this term
小	說
しょう Grade: 1	せつ Hyōgai
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 小說 – see the following entry.

【小説しょうせつ】

[noun] novel, story, fiction

(This term, 小說, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
小	說

Noun

小說 • (soseol) (hangeul 소설)

hanja form^? of 소설 (“fiction, fictional literature”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
小	說

Noun

小說

chữ Hán form of tiểu thuyết (“novel”).