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'@@ -1,72 +1,5 @@ {{Economic sectors}} -The '''primary sector of the economy''' includes any [[industry]] involved in primary production, that is the extraction and collection of [[Natural resource|natural resources]]; such as [[farming]], [[forestry]], [[hunting]], [[fishing]] and [[mining]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297507928|title=Dictionary of economics|last=Chand|first=S. N.|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2006|isbn=81-269-0535-2|location=New Delhi|pages=268|oclc=297507928}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/primary-producer|title=Primary producer definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Copenhagen Business School Press DK| isbn = 978-87-630-0194-6| last = Kjeldsen-Kragh| first = Søren| title = The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development: The Lessons of History| date = 2007| pages = 73}}</ref> - -The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in [[developing countries]] than it does in [[developed countries]]. For example, in 2018, agriculture, forestry, and fishing comprised more than 15% of GDP in [[sub-Saharan Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web| title = Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) {{!}} Sub-Saharan Africa| work = World Bank Open Data| accessdate = 2019-07-14| date = 2018| url = https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZG}}</ref> but less than 1% of GDP in [[North America]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) {{!}} North America| work = World Bank Open Data| accessdate = 2019-07-14| date = 2018| url = https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=XU}}</ref> - -Mining in 19th-century [[South Wales]] provides a case study of how an economy can come to rely on one form of activity.<ref> -[http://business.virgin.net/wales.watch/country/farm2.htm Mining: it's only a word] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070123191936/http://business.virgin.net/wales.watch/country/farm2.htm |date= 2007-01-23 }} -</ref> - -In developed countries primary sector has become more technologically advanced - witness for instance the mechanization of farming as opposed to hand-picking and -planting.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS/countries/1W-US-C5?display=graph|title= Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Data|author= |date= |website= data.worldbank.org}}</ref> More developed economies may invest additional capital in primary means of production. As an example, in the [[United States of America | United States]]' [[corn belt]], [[combine harvester]]s pick the corn, and sprayers spray large amounts of [[insecticide]]s, [[herbicide]]s and [[fungicide]]s, producing a higher yield than is possible using less capital-intensive techniques. These technological advances and investment allow the primary sector to employ a smaller workforce - in this way, developed countries tend to have a smaller percentage of their workforce involved in primary activities, instead having a higher percentage involved in the [[Secondary sector of the economy | secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy | tertiary]] sectors.<ref>H Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (Mar., 1973)</ref> - -Developed countries are allowed to maintain and develop their primary industries even further due to the excess wealth. For instance, [[European Union]] [[agricultural subsidy| agricultural subsidies]] provide buffers against fluctuating [[inflation rate | inflation-rate]]s and prices of agricultural [[produce]]. This allows developed countries to export their agricultural products at extraordinarily low prices. This makes them extremely competitive against those of poor or underdeveloped countries that maintain [[free-market]] policies and low or non-existent [[tariff]]s to counter cheap goods.<ref>[http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/twninfo339.htm WTO MINISTERIAL OUTCOME IMBALANCED AGAINST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060823085546/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/twninfo339.htm |date= 2006-08-23 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/gtrends6.htm Third World Farmers Hit by Unfair Rules] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060909232153/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/gtrends6.htm |date= 2006-09-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.finalcall.com/international/farmers10-08-2002.htm|title= U.S. subsidies help big business, but crush farmers from developing countries|author= |date= |website= www.finalcall.com}}</ref> Such price differences also come about due to more efficient production in developed economies, given farm machinery, better information available to farmers, and (often) [[economies of scale | larger scale]]. - -Some economies exhibit a particular emphasis on the basic [[food]]-providing parts of the primary sector (farming and fishing), wishing to guarantee via [[autarky]] in food-production that citizens can eat even in extreme circumstances (such as [[war]],<ref> -See for example [[Prodrazvyorstka]] and [[Dig for victory]]. -</ref> -[[blockade]],<ref> -See [[Blockade of Germany]] and [[Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)]]. -</ref> -or [[economic sanctions | sanctions]]). -The [[Neolithic Revolution | agricultural revolution]] may not have preceded the [[industrial revolution]] entirely by chance. - -==List of countries by agricultural output== -{{Main|List of countries by GDP sector composition}} -{{See also|List of most valuable crops and livestock products}} -{{Bar chart|float=center -| title = Largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) according to [[IMF]] and [[CIA World Factbook]], at peak level as of 2018 -| table_width = 70 -| bar_width = 50 <!-- must be an unformatted number --> -| data_max = 2,110<!-- Upper bound on the values in the data fields --> -| label_type = Economy -| data_type = {{center|Countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018 (billions in [[United States dollar|USD]])}} -| label1 = (01) '''{{CHN}}''' | data1 = 2,101 -| label2 = (02) '''{{IND}}''' | data2 = 1,602 -| label3 = (03) '''{{IDN}}''' | data3 = 486 -| label4 = {{nowrap|(—) '''''{{EU}}'''''}} | data4 = 352 -| label5 = (04) '''{{PAK}}''' | data5 = 284 -| label6 = (05) '''{{NGR}}''' | data6 = 253 -| label7 = (06) '''{{BRA}}''' | data7 = 209 -| label8 = (07) '''{{RUS}}''' | data8 = 196 -| label9 = (08) '''{{USA}}''' | data9 = 185 -| label10 = (09) '''{{IRN}}''' | data10 = 162 -| label11 = (10) '''{{TUR}}''' | data11 = 155 -| label12 = (11) '''{{EGY}}''' | data12 = 154 -| label13 = (12) '''{{THA}}''' | data13 = 109 -| label14 = (13) '''{{VNM}}''' | data14 = 108 -| label15 = (14) '''{{BAN}}''' | data15 = 108 -| label16 = (15) '''{{ARG}}''' | data16 = 101 -| label17 = (16) '''{{MEX}}''' | data17 = 100 -| label18 = (17) '''{{PHL}}''' | data18 = 92 -| label19 = (18) '''{{MYA}}''' | data19 = 89 -| label20 = (19) '''{{ALG}}''' | data20 = 87 -| label21 = (20) '''{{MYS}}''' | data21 = 84 -| caption = {{resize|88%|The twenty largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018, according to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]].}} -}} - -==See also== -{{Portal|Economics}} -* [[Three-sector hypothesis (Three-sector model)]] -* [[Resource curse]] - -==References== -{{Reflist}} - -==Further reading== -* ''Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (Mar., 1973)'' -* ''Cameron: General Economic and Social History'' -* ''Historia Económica y Social General, by Maria Inés Barbero, Rubén L. Berenblum, Fernando R. García Molina, Jorge Saborido'' - +The '''primary sector of the economy''' includes any [[industry]] involved in primary production, that is the extraction and collection of [[Natural resourceits god ==External links== *{{Commonscatinline}} @@ -78,2 +11,3 @@ [[Category:Resource economics]] [[Category:World economy]] +its godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts godts god '