Examine individual changes

'{{Economic sectors}}''''Italic text''''''''Bold text''' #REDIRECT [[Target page name]] ''''' tertiary can be any thing sector of the economy includes any involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources; such as [[farming]], [[forestry]], [[mining]] and [[fishing]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Primary sector of the economy|url= https://www.economicshelp.org/concepts/primary-sector/|website= Economics Help|accessdate= 24 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Copenhagen Business School Press DK| isbn = 978-87-630-0194-6| last = Kjeldsen-Kragh| first = Søren| title = The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development: The Lessons of History| date = 2007| pages = 73}}</ref> The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy in [[developing countries]] than it does in [[developed countries]]. For example, in 2018, agriculture, forestry, and fishing comprised more than 15% of GDP in [[sub-Saharan Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web| title = Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) {{!}} Sub-Saharan Africa| work = World Bank Open Data| accessdate = 2019-07-14| date = 2018| url = https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZG}}</ref> but less than 1% of GDP in [[North America]].<ref>{{Cite web| title = Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) {{!}} North America| work = World Bank Open Data| accessdate = 2019-07-14| date = 2018| url = https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=XU}}</ref> Mining in 19th-century [[South Wales]] provides a case study of how an economy can come to rely on one form of activity.<ref> [http://business.virgin.net/wales.watch/country/farm2.htm Mining: it's only a word] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070123191936/http://business.virgin.net/wales.watch/country/farm2.htm |date= 2007-01-23 }} </ref> In developed countries primary sector has become more technologically advanced - witness for instance the mechanization of farming as opposed to hand-picking and -planting.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS/countries/1W-US-C5?display=graph|title= Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate) - Data|author= |date= |website= data.worldbank.org}}</ref> More developed economies may invest additional capital in primary means of production. As an example, in the [[United States of America | United States]]' [[corn belt]], [[combine harvester]]s pick the corn, and sprayers spray large amounts of [[insecticide]]s, [[herbicide]]s and [[fungicide]]s, producing a higher yield than is possible using less capital-intensive techniques. These technological advances and investment allow the primary sector to employ a smaller workforce - in this way, developed countries tend to have a smaller percentage of their workforce involved in primary activities, instead having a higher percentage involved in the [[Secondary sector of the economy | secondary]] and [[Tertiary sector of the economy | tertiary]] sectors.<ref>H Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (Mar., 1973)</ref> Developed countries are allowed to maintain and develop their primary industries even further due to the excess wealth. For instance, [[European Union]] [[agricultural subsidy| agricultural subsidies]] provide buffers against fluctuating [[inflation rate | inflation-rate]]s and prices of agricultural [[produce]]. This allows developed countries to export their agricultural products at extraordinarily low prices. This makes them extremely competitive against those of poor or underdeveloped countries that maintain [[free-market]] policies and low or non-existent [[tariff]]s to counter cheap goods.<ref>[http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/twninfo339.htm WTO MINISTERIAL OUTCOME IMBALANCED AGAINST DEVELOPING COUNTRIES] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060823085546/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/twninfo339.htm |date= 2006-08-23 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/gtrends6.htm Third World Farmers Hit by Unfair Rules] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060909232153/http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/gtrends6.htm |date= 2006-09-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.finalcall.com/international/farmers10-08-2002.htm|title= U.S. subsidies help big business, but crush farmers from developing countries|author= |date= |website= www.finalcall.com}}</ref> Such price differences also come about due to more efficient production in developed economies, given farm machinery, better information available to farmers, and (often) [[economies of scale | larger scale]]. Some economies exhibit a particular emphasis on the basic [[food]]-providing parts of the primary sector (farming and fishing), wishing to guarantee via [[autarky]] in food-production that citizens can eat even in extreme circumstances (such as [[war]],<ref> See for example [[Prodrazvyorstka]] and [[Dig for victory]]. </ref> [[blockade]],<ref> See [[Blockade of Germany]] and [[Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)]]. </ref> or [[economic sanctions | sanctions]]). The [[Neolithic Revolution | agricultural revolution]] may not have preceded the [[industrial revolution]] entirely by chance. ==List of countries by agricultural output== {{Main|List of countries by GDP sector composition}} {{See also|List of most valuable crops and livestock products}} {{Bar chart|float=center | title = Largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) according to [[IMF]] and [[CIA World Factbook]], at peak level as of 2018 | table_width = 70 | bar_width = 50 <!-- must be an unformatted number --> | data_max = 2,110<!-- Upper bound on the values in the data fields --> | label_type = Economy | data_type = {{center|Countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018 (billions in [[United States dollar|USD]])}} | label1 = (01) '''{{CHN}}''' | data1 = 2,101 | label2 = (02) '''{{IND}}''' | data2 = 1,602 | label3 = (03) '''{{IDN}}''' | data3 = 486 | label4 = {{nowrap|(—) '''''{{EU}}'''''}} | data4 = 352 | label5 = (04) '''{{PAK}}''' | data5 = 284 | label6 = (05) '''{{NGR}}''' | data6 = 253 | label7 = (06) '''{{BRA}}''' | data7 = 209 | label8 = (07) '''{{RUS}}''' | data8 = 196 | label9 = (08) '''{{USA}}''' | data9 = 185 | label10 = (09) '''{{IRN}}''' | data10 = 162 | label11 = (10) '''{{TUR}}''' | data11 = 155 | label12 = (11) '''{{EGY}}''' | data12 = 154 | label13 = (12) '''{{THA}}''' | data13 = 109 | label14 = (13) '''{{VNM}}''' | data14 = 108 | label15 = (14) '''{{BAN}}''' | data15 = 108 | label16 = (15) '''{{ARG}}''' | data16 = 101 | label17 = (16) '''{{MEX}}''' | data17 = 100 | label18 = (17) '''{{PHL}}''' | data18 = 92 | label19 = (18) '''{{MYA}}''' | data19 = 89 | label20 = (19) '''{{ALG}}''' | data20 = 87 | label21 = (20) '''{{MYS}}''' | data21 = 84 | caption = {{resize|88%|The twenty largest countries by agricultural output (in PPP terms) at peak level as of 2018, according to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] and [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]].}} }} ==See also== {{Portal|Economics}} * [[Three-sector hypothesis]] * [[Resource curse]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * ''Dwight H. Perkins: Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, Vol. 31, No. 1, China's Developmental Experience (Mar., 1973)'' * ''Cameron: General Economic and Social History'' * ''Historia Económica y Social General, by Maria Inés Barbero, Rubén L. Berenblum, Fernando R. García Molina, Jorge Saborido'' ==External links== *{{Commonscatinline}} *[http://www.economy101.net/ Economy101.net: ''The Nature of Wealth''] [[Category:Primary sector of the economy| ]] [[Category:Economic sectors|+1]] [[Category:National accounts]] [[Category:Resource economics]] [[Category:World economy]]'