The Southern Cordilleran languages are a group of closely related languages within the Northern Luzon subgroup of the Austronesian language family.[1][2] They are spoken in an area stretching from the southern shore of Lingayen Gulf to the highlands of Quirino province. The most widely spoken Southern Cordilleran language is Pangasinan, one of the eight major languages of the Philippines.
| Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northern Luzon |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | sout2907 |
Internal classification
editThe subgroup was first proposed by Zorc (1979).[3] Himes (1998) classifies the Southern Cordilleran languages as follows:[2]
Reconstruction
edit| Proto-Southern Cordilleran | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Southern Cordilleran languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Proto-Southern Cordilleran has been reconstructed by Himes (1998).[2]
Phonology
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | *i | *ɨ | *u |
| Open | *a |
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | *p | *t | *k | *ʔ | |
| voiced | *b | *d | *g | |||
| Fricative | *s | |||||
| Nasal | *m | *n | *ŋ | |||
| Lateral | *l | |||||
| Approximant | *w | *y | ||||
Vocabulary
editThe comparison table (taken from Himes (1998)[2] and Zorc (1979)[3]) illustrates the correspondences between the Southern Cordilleran languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Southern Cordilleran innovations.
| Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ma:go | a:gɨw | ʔágɨw | *ʔa:gɨw | *qaləjaw | 'day' | ||
| dɨ:nom | danúm | čánom | *dánum | *daNum | 'water' | ||
| Southern Cordilleran innovations | |||||||
| Ilongot | Pangasinan | Ibaloi | PSC | PAn | Meaning | ||
| ʔa:gɨt | agát | ʔagát | *ʔágat | (*laqia) | 'ginger' | ||
| bɨsik | batík | bɨtík | *bɨtík | (*laRiw) | 'run' | ||
| tɨɣí | salí | sɨdí | *sɨlí | (*qaqay) | 'foot' | ||
| -to | -tu | -to | *-tu | (*nia) | 'his/her' | ||
| kɨyó | kiyɨ́w | kiyɨ́w | *kɨyɨ́w[a] | (*kaSiw) | 'tree' | ||
| tóʔo | tuʔú | túʔu | *túʔu[b] | (*Cau) | 'person' | ||
References
edit- ^ Reid, Lawrence A. (2006). "On reconstructing the morphosyntax of Proto-Northern Luzon, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Linguistics. 37: 1–64.
- ^ a b c d Himes, Ronald S. (1998). "The Southern Cordilleran Group of Philippine Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 37 (1): 120–177. doi:10.2307/3623282. JSTOR 3623282.
- ^ a b Zorc, R. David (1979). "On the Development of Contrastive Word Accent: Pangasinan, a Case in Point". In Nguyễn Đ.L. (ed.). Southeast Asian linguistic studies, Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics, C-45. pp. 241–258. doi:10.15144/PL-C45.241.
External links
edit- "Southern Cordilleran" at Ethnologue, 23rd ed., 2020.