Wikipedia

Haiti–Mexico relations

The nations of Haiti and Mexico established consular relations in 1882 and formal diplomatic relations were established in 1929.[1] Both nations are members of Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Organization of American States and the United Nations.

Haiti-Mexico relations
Map indicating locations of Haiti and Mexico

Haiti
Mexico

History

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Haiti was the first Latin-American nation to gain independence in 1804 from France. This result inspired several nations in the region in their struggle for independence. In 1816, Mexican General Martín Javier Mina y Larrea traveled to Haiti to gain support for Mexico's independence from Spain.[2] Consular relations between Haiti and Mexico were established in 1882 with formal diplomatic relations being established in 1929.[1] In 1934, a Mexican diplomatic office was opened in Port-au-Prince and in 1943 the diplomatic office was elevated to an embassy. That same year, Haiti opened an embassy in Mexico City.[1]

Between the years 1957–1986, Haiti was ruled by President François Duvalier and later by his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier. During this time period, several high level Haitian politicians, students and activists sought refuge in the Mexican embassy in the capital including former politician and author, Gérard Pierre-Charles who spent 26 years living in Mexico.[3] In February 1991, President Jean-Bertrand Aristide came to power. He was later toppled in a coup d'état in September 1991 and forced to flee the country. That same month, Aristide's Prime Minister René Préval sought refuge in the Mexican embassy where he remained for eleven months until being granted safe-conduct and fled to Mexico. René Préval would later become President of Haiti in February 1996 – 2001 and again in 2006 – 2011.[1]

In January 2010, Haiti experienced a 7.0 earthquake. Like several countries, Mexico responded by providing food and other essential emergency aid. Soon following the earthquake, over 1,300 Mexican medical workers arrived to Haiti along with 15,000 tons of humanitarian aid and over 51 thousand tents to provide temporary shelter.[4] Mexican soldiers also partook in search and rescue. Since 2010, the Mexican government has given over US$8 million in financial assistance to the Haitian government and people.[5]

In 2012, President Felipe Calderón became the first Mexican head-of-state to visit Haiti. While in Haiti, President Calderon met with Haitian President Michel Martelly and they discussed bilateral relations between both nations and Mexico's development aid to the country.[2] In April 2013, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto paid a visit to Haiti.[6] In 2015, Mexico contributed military personnel to the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti.[2]

In 2016, approximately 5,000 Haitian nationals, while in Mexico; were denied entry into the United States when President Barack Obama ended allowing Haitians into the country on humanitarian grounds. Many of the Haitians remained in Mexico, primarily in the border cities of Mexicali and Tijuana.[7]

As part of an effort to increase humanitarian assistance and help with the recuperation of Haiti, Mexico provides government scholarships to 300 Haitian students to study at Mexican universities per year.[8] In November 2021 Haiti opened a consulate in the southern Mexican city of Tapachula, Chiapas to best attend to the surge of Haitian migrants entering Mexico.[9][10] That same year, over 51,000 Haitians applied for asylum in Mexico.[11]

In October 2023, Haitian President Ariel Henry paid a visit to Palenque, Chiapas to attend a Summit on Migration, hosted by Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[12]

High-level visits

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Haitian President René Préval attending the Rio Group summit in Cancun, 2010.

High-level visits from Haiti to Mexico[1]

High-level visits from Mexico to Haiti[2][6][13]

Bilateral agreements

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Both nations have signed a few bilateral agreement such as an Agreement for mutual non-fee visa issuance (1942) and an Agreement on Technical and Scientific Cooperation (2003).[14]

 
Embassy of Haiti in Mexico City

Trade relations

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In 2023, total trade between the two nations amounted to US$80 million.[15][16] Haiti's main exports to Mexico include: textiles and clothing. Mexico's main exports to Haiti include: food, bottled water, motor vehicles, medicine and electric accumulators.[15] Mexican multinational company Cemex operates in Haiti.[17]

Resident diplomatic missions

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Haiti (in Spanish)
  2. ^ a b c d Antecedentes Historicos (in Spanish)
  3. ^ Obituary: Gérard Pierre-Charles
  4. ^ Dieron mexicanos cifra histórica de 15 mil toneladas de ayuda para Haití: Calderón (in Spanish)
  5. ^ Mexico sends humanitarian aid to the people of Haiti in the aftermath of the earthquake
  6. ^ a b Peña Nieto se reúne con presidente de Haití (in Spanish)
  7. ^ Haitians Denied Entry Into The U.S. May Have To Start New Lives In Mexico
  8. ^ Llegan estudiantes haitianos a México (in Spanish)
  9. ^ Inaugura Gobierno de México Consulado de Haití en Tapachula, Chiapas (in Spanish)
  10. ^ On Mexico's southern border, the latest migration surge is Haitian
  11. ^ Relaciones Bilaterales México-Haití - pages 12-13 (in Spanish)
  12. ^ Reciben a distintos diplomáticos en Palenque para cumbre sobre migración (in Spanish)
  13. ^ V Summit of the Heads of State and Government of the Association of Caribbean States Commences in Haiti
  14. ^ Bilateral agreements between Mexico and Haiti (in Spanish)
  15. ^ a b Data México: Haiti
  16. ^ México y Haití buscarán ampliar comercio e inversiones (in Spanish)
  17. ^ CEMEX contributes to Haiti relief effort
  18. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Port-au-Prince (in French, Haitian Creole and Spanish)
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