The 1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 4, 1856, and November 4, 1857. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 236 representatives were elected in 31 states and the pending new state of Minnesota before the first session of the 35th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1857.
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All 237 seats in the United States House of Representatives 118 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Know Nothing gain Know Nothing hold | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The elections briefly returned a semblance of normalcy to the Democratic Party, restoring its House majority alongside the election of Democratic President James Buchanan. However, superficial victory masked severe, ultimately irretrievable divisions over slavery. Voters next would return a Democratic House majority only in 1874.
Party realignments continued. In 1856, the Whig Party disbanded, the Know Nothing movement declined, and its vehicle, the American Party, began to collapse. Many Northern Whig, American, and other Opposition Party Representatives joined the new, rapidly consolidating Republican Party, which contested the Presidency in 1856. Though the Republican Party did not yet demand abolition, its attitude toward slavery was stridently negative. It was an openly sectional Northern party opposing fugitive slave laws and slavery in the territories, and for the first time offered a mainstream platform to outspoken abolitionists.
In March 1857, after almost all Northern states had voted, the Supreme Court issued its infamous Dred Scott decision, amplifying tensions and hardening voter divisions. Remaining elections were concentrated in the South. Southern voters widely drove the American Party from office, rallying to the Democrats in firm opposition to the Republicans.
In October 1857, the pending new state of Minnesota elected its first Representatives, to be seated by the 35th Congress. Between the admissions of Vermont in 1791 and Wisconsin in 1848, Congress had admitted new states roughly in pairs: one slave, one free. California was admitted alone as a free state in 1850 only as part of a comprehensive compromise including significant concessions to slave state interests. Admission of Minnesota in May 1858, also alone but with no such deal, helped expose the declining influence of the South, destroying the formerly binding concept that slave and free state power was best kept in balance even in the Senate while solidifying a sense that the West would exclude slavery.
Election summaries
editTwo seats were added for the new state of Minnesota,[1] which was unrepresented for part of the 1st session.
133 | 14 | 90 |
Democratic | KN | Republican |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Know Nothing | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change[g] | ||||
Arkansas | District | August 4, 1856 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Iowa | District | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | ||
Missouri | District | 7 | 5[e] | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | |
Vermont | District | September 2, 1856 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | |||
Maine | District | September 8, 1856 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | |
Florida | At-large | October 6, 1856 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
South Carolina | District | October 13–14, 1856 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |||
Indiana | District | October 14, 1856 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 4 | |
Ohio | District | 21 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 12 | 9 | ||
Pennsylvania | District | 25 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 7 | |
California | At-large | November 4, 1856 (Election Day)[h] |
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
Illinois | District | 9 | 5 | 0 | 4 | ||||
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 11 | 11 | ||
Michigan | District | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | ||
New Jersey | District | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
New York | District | 33 | 12 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 21 | 4 | |
Wisconsin | District | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | ||
New Hampshire | District | March 10, 1857 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Rhode Island | District | April 1, 1857 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Connecticut | District | April 6, 1857 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
Virginia | District | May 28, 1857 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Alabama | District | August 3, 1857 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Kentucky | District | 10 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | ||
Texas | District | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
North Carolina | District | August 6, 1857 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Tennessee | District | 10 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | ||
Georgia | District | October 5, 1857 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | |||
Mississippi | District | October 5–6, 1857 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Minnesota | At-large | October 13, 1857[i] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Louisiana | District | November 3, 1857 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |||
Maryland | District | November 4, 1857 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Total | 236 | 133[e] 56.1% |
50[e] | 14 5.9% |
37 | 90 38.0% |
10[g] |
Special elections
editThere were a total of thirteen special elections in 1856 and 1857 during the 34th and 35th Congresses.
34th Congress
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member / Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 3 | Laurence M. Keitt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent resigned July 15, 1856, following the caning of Charles Sumner. Incumbent re-elected July 29, 1856. |
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South Carolina 4 | Preston Brooks | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent resigned July 15, 1856, following the caning of Charles Sumner. Incumbent re-elected July 29, 1856. |
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Missouri 5 | John Gaines Miller | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent died May 11, 1856. New member elected August 4, 1856. Know Nothing gain. Winner was not candidate for full term; see below. |
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Illinois 5 | William Alexander Richardson | Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent resigned August 25, 1856, to run for governor of Illinois. New member elected November 4, 1856. Winner was not candidate for full term; see below. |
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Illinois 7 | James C. Allen | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent resigned July 18, 1856, amid election challenge. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1856. Winner was not candidate for full term; see below. |
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Illinois 8 | Vacant | Rep.-elect Lyman Trumbull (D) was later elected U.S. senator and took office March 4, 1855. New member elected November 4, 1856. Democratic hold. Winner was not candidate for full term; see below. |
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Virginia 1 | Thomas H. Bayly | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent died June 23, 1856. New member elected November 4, 1856. Democratic hold. |
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Kansas Territory at-large | John Wilkins Whitfield | Democratic | 1854 | Seat declared vacant August 1, 1856. Incumbent re-elected November 5, 1856. |
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Vermont 1 | James Meacham | Whig | 1849 (special) | Incumbent died August 23, 1856. New member elected December 1, 1856. Republican gain. |
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35th Congress
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 3 | Vacant | Rep.-elect James S. Green (D) was later elected U.S. senator and took office January 12, 1857. New member elected August 3, 1857. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 1 | James Lockhart | Democratic | 1851 1852 (retired) 1856 |
Incumbent died September 7, 1857. New member elected October 7, 1857. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 10 | Samuel Brenton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent died March 29, 1857. New member elected October 7, 1857. Republican hold. |
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Pennsylvania 12 | John Gallagher Montgomery | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent died April 24, 1857. New member elected October 13, 1857. Democratic hold. |
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Alabama
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | Percy Walker | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Alabama 2 | Eli S. Shorter | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 3 | James F. Dowdell | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 4 | William Russell Smith | Know Nothing | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Alabama 5 | George S. Houston | Democratic | 1841 1849 (retired) 1851 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 6 | Williamson R. W. Cobb | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Alabama 7 | Sampson Willis Harris | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Arkansas
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Alfred B. Greenwood | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Arkansas 2 | Albert Rust | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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California
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
James W. Denver | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Philemon T. Herbert | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired after manslaughter acquittal. Democratic hold. |
Connecticut
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | Ezra Clark Jr. | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Connecticut 2 | John Woodruff | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Connecticut 3 | Sidney Dean | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Connecticut 4 | William W. Welch | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Delaware
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | Elisha D. Cullen | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Florida
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Augustus Maxwell | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | James Lindsay Seward | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 2 | Martin J. Crawford | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 3 | Robert Pleasant Trippe | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Georgia 4 | Hiram B. Warner | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 5 | John H. Lumpkin | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 6 | Howell Cobb | Democratic | 1842 1851 (retired) 1855 |
Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 7 | Nathaniel Greene Foster | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Know Nothing hold. |
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Georgia 8 | Alexander H. Stephens | Democratic | 1843 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 2 | James Hutchinson Woodworth | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 3 | Jesse O. Norton | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 4 | James Knox | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 5 | Vacant | Rep. William A. Richardson (D) resigned August 25, 1856, to run for governor of Illinois. Democratic hold. Winner was not candidate for unexpired term; see above. |
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Illinois 6 | Thomas L. Harris | Democratic | 1848 1850 (lost) 1854 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 7 | Vacant | Rep. James C. Allen (D) resigned July 18, 1856, amid election contest. Democratic hold. Winner was not candidate for unexpired term; see above. |
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Illinois 8 | Vacant | Rep.-elect Lyman Trumbull (D) was later elected U.S. senator and took office March 4, 1855. Democratic hold. Winner was not candidate for unexpired term; see above. |
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Illinois 9 | Samuel S. Marshall | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | Smith Miller | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 2 | William Hayden English | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 3 | George Grundy Dunn | People's | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 4 | William Cumback | People's | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 5 | David P. Holloway | People's | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Indiana 6 | Lucien Barbour | People's | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 7 | Harvey D. Scott | People's | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Indiana 8 | Daniel Mace | People's | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Indiana 9 | Schuyler Colfax | People's | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Indiana 10 | Samuel Brenton | People's | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Indiana 11 | John U. Pettit | People's | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Iowa
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | Augustus Hall | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Iowa 2 | James Thorington | Whig | 1854 | Incumbent lost renomination as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Kansas Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Kentucky
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Henry Cornelius Burnett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 2 | John P. Campbell Jr. | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew. Democratic gain. |
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Kentucky 3 | Warner Underwood | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 4 | Albert G. Talbott | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 5 | Joshua Jewett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 6 | John Milton Elliott | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 7 | Humphrey Marshall | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky 8 | Alexander Keith Marshall | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Kentucky 9 | Leander Cox | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Kentucky 10 | Samuel F. Swope | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Louisiana
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | George Eustis Jr. | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 2 | Miles Taylor | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 3 | Thomas G. Davidson | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Louisiana 4 | John M. Sandidge | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | John M. Wood | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 2 | John J. Perry | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 3 | Ebenezer Knowlton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 4 | Samuel P. Benson | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maine 6 | Thomas J. D. Fuller | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Maryland
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | |||||
Maryland 2 | |||||
Maryland 3 | |||||
Maryland 4 | |||||
Maryland 5 | |||||
Maryland 6 |
Massachusetts
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Robert B. Hall | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 2 | James Buffinton | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 3 | William S. Damrell | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Linus B. Comins | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 5 | Anson Burlingame | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Timothy Davis | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Nathaniel P. Banks | Know Nothing | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Chauncey L. Knapp | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 9 | Alexander De Witt | Know Nothing | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Calvin C. Chaffee | Know Nothing | 1855 (special) | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 11 | Mark Trafton | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Michigan
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William A. Howard | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 2 | Henry Waldron | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 3 | David S. Walbridge | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan 4 | George W. Peck | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
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Minnesota
editMinnesota Territory elected three members in advance of Minnesota's 1848 statehood. "Although three men won this election, which was held before Minnesota was actually a state, only two representatives from Minnesota were allowed in the congressional bill creating the state in 1858. George L. Becker lost in the drawing of lots to decide who would present their credentials, therefore he did not serve in Congress."[8]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
None (New seat) | New state would be admitted May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. |
Elected on a general ticket:
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None (New seat) | New state would be admitted May 11, 1858. Democratic gain. |
Mississippi
editElections held late, from October 5 to 6, 1857.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Daniel B. Wright | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 2 | Hendley S. Bennett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 3 | William Barksdale | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | William A. Lake | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 5 | John A. Quitman | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Missouri
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | |||||
Missouri 2 | |||||
Missouri 3 | |||||
Missouri 4 | |||||
Missouri 5 | |||||
Missouri 6 | |||||
Missouri 7 |
Nebraska Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | |||||
New Hampshire 2 | |||||
New Hampshire 3 |
New Jersey
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | |||||
New Jersey 2 | |||||
New Jersey 3 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
New Jersey 5 |
New York
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | |||||
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
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New York 23 | |||||
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New York 25 | |||||
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New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 | |||||
New York 32 | |||||
New York 33 |
North Carolina
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | |||||
North Carolina 2 | |||||
North Carolina 3 | |||||
North Carolina 4 | |||||
North Carolina 5 | |||||
North Carolina 6 | |||||
North Carolina 7 | |||||
North Carolina 8 |
Ohio
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | |||||
Ohio 2 | |||||
Ohio 3 | |||||
Ohio 4 | |||||
Ohio 5 | |||||
Ohio 6 | |||||
Ohio 7 | |||||
Ohio 8 | |||||
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Ohio 12 | |||||
Ohio 13 | |||||
Ohio 14 | |||||
Ohio 15 | |||||
Ohio 16 | |||||
Ohio 17 | |||||
Ohio 18 | |||||
Ohio 19 | |||||
Ohio 20 | |||||
Ohio 21 |
Oregon Territory
editSee non-voting delegates, below.
Pennsylvania
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 2 | Job R. Tyson | Whig | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 3 | William Millward | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 4 | Jacob Broom | Know Nothing | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 5 | John Cadwalader | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania 6 | John Hickman | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 7 | Samuel C. Bradshaw | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 8 | J. Glancy Jones | Democratic |
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Incumbent re-elected. |
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Pennsylvania 9 | Anthony E. Roberts | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 10 | John C. Kunkel | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 11 | James H. Campbell | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 12 | Henry M. Fuller | Opposition | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 13 | Asa Packer | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania 14 | Galusha A. Grow | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 15 | John J. Pearce | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 16 | Lemuel Todd | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 17 | David F. Robison | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 18 | John R. Edie | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 19 | John Covode | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 20 | Jonathan Knight | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 21 | David Ritchie | Opposition | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 22 | Samuel A. Purviance | Opposition | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 23 | John Allison | Opposition | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 24 | David Barclay | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania 25 | John Dick | Opposition | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Rhode Island
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | |||||
Rhode Island 2 |
South Carolina
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | |||||
South Carolina 2 | |||||
South Carolina 3 | |||||
South Carolina 4 | |||||
South Carolina 5 | |||||
South Carolina 6 |
Tennessee
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Albert G. Watkins | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 2 | William H. Sneed | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Know Nothing hold. |
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Tennessee 3 | Samuel A. Smith | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | John H. Savage | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | Charles Ready | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | George W. Jones | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. | ▌ George W. Jones (Democratic) 100%[19] |
Tennessee 7 | John V. Wright | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Felix Zollicoffer | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Emerson Etheridge | Know Nothing | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Thomas Rivers | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Texas
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | |||||
Texas 2 |
Vermont
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | |||||
Vermont 2 | |||||
Vermont 3 |
Virginia
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2020) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | |||||
Virginia 2 | |||||
Virginia 3 | |||||
Virginia 4 | |||||
Virginia 5 | |||||
Virginia 6 | |||||
Virginia 7 | |||||
Virginia 8 | |||||
Virginia 9 | |||||
Virginia 10 | |||||
Virginia 11 | |||||
Virginia 12 | |||||
Virginia 13 |
Wisconsin
editElection results in Wisconsin for 1856:[24]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Daniel Wells Jr. | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Cadwallader C. Washburn | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | Charles Billinghurst | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas | John Wilkins Whitfield | Democratic | 1854 1856 (seat vacated) 1856 (special) |
Re-elected in 1855 before seat was vacated. Won special 1856 election. Democratic hold. |
|
Minnesota | Henry Mower Rice | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. District eliminated in 1858 upon Minnesota's statehood. |
|
Nebraska | Bird Chapman | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected August 3, 1857.[26] Independent Democratic gain. |
|
Oregon | Joseph Lane | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Excludes states admitted during this Congress
- ^ Number of the seats that made up the Parties involved in the Opposition Coalition, excluding the Whig Party.
- ^ In comparison to the performance of the Parties involved in the Opposition Coalition, excluding the Whig Party.
- ^ Included one Independent Whig: Anthony Ellmaker Roberts of Pennsylvania.
- ^ a b c d Includes one Independent Democrat (a.k.a. a "Benton Democrat"): Francis Preston Blair Jr. of MO-01. Note that while Martis (p. 110) and Dubin (p. 176) list him as an "Independent Democrat" or "Benton Democrat," others sources (e.g. the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress) list Blair as a "Republican".
- ^ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as an "Independent," "Benton Democrat," "Independent Democrat," or "Independent American."
- ^ a b Compared to the 100 Opposition Party members in previous election of 1854.
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ New state. Representatives seated May 11, 1858, during the 1st session.
- ^ a b First name unknown.
References
edit- ^ 11 Stat. 166
- ^ "Our Campaigns - KS Territorial Delegate - Special Election Race - Nov 05, 1856".
- ^ a b Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1024. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 04, 1856". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 04, 1856". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 04, 1856". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 04, 1856". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ a b "Our Campaigns - MN At-Large Race - Oct 13, 1857". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "KS Territorial Delegate – Special Election". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
- ^ "Collections of the NSHS - Volume 18". www.usgennet.org.
Bibliography
edit- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
edit- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)