Lu Junyi

Lu Junyi
Lu Junyi
Water Margin character
	An illustration of Lu Junyi by Chen Hongshou.
First appearance	Chapter 60
Nickname	Jade Qilin; 玉麒麟
Rank	2nd, Strength Star (天罡星) of 36 Heavenly Spirits
Deputy leader of Liangshan
Origin	Squire
Ancestral home / Place of origin	Daming Prefecture (present-day Daming County, Hebei)
Weapon	Spear, staff, pudao
Names
Simplified Chinese	卢俊义
Traditional Chinese	盧俊義
Pinyin	Lú Jùnyì
Wade–Giles	Lu Chün-i

Lu Junyi is a fictional character in Water Margin, one of the four Chinese great classical novels. Nicknamed "Jade Qilin", he ranks second among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny. In some^[which?] Chinese folk tales derived from the novel, Lu Junyi is a martial arts student of Zhou Tong, who purportedly also trained the Song dynasty general Yue Fei in archery.

Background

The novel depicts Lu Junyi as nine chi tall, having eyes that sparkle and the looks and aura of a majestic deity. A native of Daming Prefecture (present-day Daming County, Hebei), Lu is a consummate practitioner of martial arts, especially in the use of staff and spear. His near-invincibility in combat, impressive appearance and prestigious status as a wealthy squire earn him the nickname "Jade Qilin".

Arrest and imprisonment

Song Jiang, the acting chief of the Liangshan bandits after Chao Gai was killed in a battle, remembers being told about Lu Junyi, a widely-acclaimed fighter, before when a monk engaged to pray for Chao mentions Lu's name. Song wants to recruit Lu to boost his band. Wu Yong devises a plan to lure Lu to Liangshan. Disguised as a fortune teller, Wu goes to Daming, where he attracts Lu's attention by creating a commotion outside his house. Lu invites Wu in and asks him to tell his future. To his shock, Wu warns him that he would die within 100 days. When Lu asks how to avert that fate, Wu says the remedy is to leave home and travel southeast for more than 1,000 li. Before leaving, Wu writes a poem on a wall in Lu's house (see below for details), claiming this will protect him for the time being. In fact, the poem hides a suggestion that Lu would rebel against the Song government.

Trusting Wu Yong‘s word, Lu Junyi sets out in the southeast direction for a temple in Shandong with his steward Li Gu and some servants. The group pass by Liangshan Marsh, where Lu sees it as his duty as a subject of the Song empire to capture some bandits. He shows his fighting prowess when a number of Liangshan's chieftains come to block his way. But he soon discovers Liangshan is a daunting force with many tough warriors. As he flees, he loses his way among the reeds in the marsh and boards a boat he finds there. The boatman turns out to be Li Jun. Lu lunges at Li when the latter reveals his identity. Just then Zhang Shun pops up from under water and overturns the vessel. Captured, Lu is taken to Song Jiang, who treats him with utmost respect and mitigates his hostility. But Lu refuses to join the stronghold. His captors nevertheless retain him for months while continuing to treat him as an honored guest. They release Li Gu first, who is secretly lied to that his master has joined Liangshan, with the poem at his house as the implicating proof.

Finally let go by Liangshan, Lu Junyi hurries home. Near his house, he runs into Yan Qing, his other steward who has been reduced to begging on the street as he waits for his master to return. Yan tells Lu that Li Gu, who has long had an affair with Lu's wife, has reported to the authorities that Lu is in cahoots with the Liangshan outlaws. Li has also expelled Yan. Not believing Yan, Lu goes home and is arrested by constables called up by Li. Li thus takes over his master's properties and wife. He, however, fails to get Lu murdered in prison as the chief warden Cai Fu, whom he bribed, has also received money from Liangshan to protect Lu, failing which his family would face the threat of being wiped out. So Lu is instead banished to Shamen Island (沙門島; present-day Changdao County, Shandong). Li bribes the two escorts to finish Lu off along the way. Coming to a wood, the escorts bind Lu to a tree and are about to kill him there. But they are shot to death by Yan Qing with arrows, who has been tailing them.

When Yan Qing is away looking for food as the two rest in an inn, constables track down and re-arrest Lu, who has become weak from all the torments. Grand Secretary Liang Shijie, the prefect of Daming, orders Lu be immediately executed. But Liangshan's Shi Xiu, who has come to find out the latest about Lu, storms the execution ground alone. Both end up captured. This time Liang dare not execute Lu, wanting to see how things pan out as an attack by Liangshan looks imminent. A battle between Liangshan and Daming ensues, but the city proves impregnable. After some intervening events, including Song Jiang falling critically ill and recovering only with treatment by the physician An Daoquan, Wu Yong sends dozens of chieftains to sneak into Daming to cause mayhem on the night of Lantern Festival. Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu are rescued from prison when the city is engulfed in chaos. Lu kills Li Gu and his unfaithful wife in revenge and joins Liangshan.

Joining Liangshan

Lu Junyi participates in Liangshan's attack on the Zeng Family Fortress, whose martial arts instructor Shi Wengong has shot Chao Gai to death. On the night when the fortress is overrun, Lu Junyi and Yan Qing are stationed at somewhere away from the main actions, tasked with intercepting fleeing enemies. But Shi Wengong happens to escape by that way. Despite riding a swift steed, he is easily captured by Lu, who whacks him off the horse.

As Chao Gai's dying wish is that whoever avenged his death would succeed him, Lu Junyi by right should replace Song Jiang, who has been the acting chief. Lu vehemently declines the offer. It is decided that whoever overruns first the prefecture assigned to him - Dongping for Song Jiang and Dongchang for Lu Junyi - would be made chief. Song wins the contest as Lu comes up against a tough warrior Zhang Qing at Dongchang, who hurts a number of Liangshan heroes with his stone-flinging skill. Dongchang is finally taken but Song is now the undisputed leader, who anyway is the preference of most of the Liangshan heroes. Lu is made Liangshan's second-in-command. He stays in that position when the 108 Stars of Destiny are ranked in what is called the Grand Assembly.

Death

After the Liangshan band received amnesty from Emperor Huizong, Lu Junyi remains as Song Jiang‘s right-hand man when they fight the Liao invaders and put down other rebel forces in Song territory in missions ordered by the imperial court. Lu makes great contributions in the campaigns, often leading a force separate from Song's. When the campaigns end, the emperor appoints him governor of Luzhou (廬州; around present-day Hefei, Anhui).

However, corrupt officials in the imperial court are not happy that Song Jiang is doing well. In their calculation, Lu Junyi must be removed first as he might revolt if Song is killed. They urge the emperor to summon Lu to Dongjing, where he is poisoned unaware by a drink said to be bestowed by the monarch. Feeling pain from the poison, Lu cannot ride on horseback on his trip back to Luzhou and has to travel by boat. When he comes to Huai River at Sizhou, the poison causes him to feel dizzy and fall into the water. Not able to swim, he drowns. The authorities of Sizhou retrieve his body and give him a proper burial.

Wu Yong's poem

A stone statue of Lu Junyi at Hengdian World Studios.

The poem by Wu Yong is as follows:

蘆花叢裏一扁舟，	In a thicket of flowering reeds lies a small boat,
俊傑俄從此地遊。	A chivalrous man happens to pass by this place.
義士若能知此理，	If the virtuous man can attain this understanding,
反躬逃難可無憂。	He will have no worries about evading disaster.

The first Chinese character in each of the four lines (in bold) when combined reads "lu jun yi fan" (蘆俊義反), which means "Lu Junyi rebels". The lu (蘆) in the poem is a homonym of the lu (盧) in Lu Junyi's name. The poem is cited as a proof that Lu Junyi has joined the outlaws.

References

Buck, Pearl S. (2006). All Men are Brothers. Moyer Bell. ISBN 9781559213035.
Miyazaki, Ichisada (1993). Suikoden: Kyoko no naka no Shijitsu (in Japanese). Chuo Koronsha. ISBN 978-4122020559.
Keffer, David. "Outlaws of the Marsh: A Somewhat Less Than Critical Commentary". Poison Pie Publishing House. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Li, Mengxia (1992). 108 Heroes from the Water Margin (in Chinese). EPB Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 9971-0-0252-3.
Miyamoto, Yoko (2011). "Water Margin: Chinese Robin Hood and His Bandits". Demystifying Confucianism. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
Shibusawa, Kou (1989), Bandit Kings of Ancient China, Koei, pp. 62, 88, 93, 96
Zhang, Lin Ching (2009). Biographies of Characters in Water Margin. Writers Publishing House. ISBN 978-7506344784.