Gerard Patrick Conlon (1 March 1954 – 21 June 2014) was a Northern Irish man known for being one of the Guildford Four who spent 15 years in prison after being wrongly convicted of being a Provisional IRA bomber.
Gerry Conlon | |
|---|---|
 Conlon outside the Court of Appeal at the time of his release | |
| Born | Gerard Conlon 1 March 1954[1] Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 21 June 2014 (aged 60) Belfast, Northern Ireland |
| Criminal charge | Guildford pub bombings on 5 October 1974[2] |
| Criminal penalty | Convicted on 22 October 1975 and sentenced to life imprisonment[2] |
| Criminal status | Conviction quashed by Court of Appeal on 19 October 1989[2] |
Biography
editGerard Conlon was born in Belfast and grew up at 7 Peel Street on the corner of Mary Street in the impoverished but close-knit community of the Lower Falls Road.[3] He described his childhood as happy. His father was Giuseppe Conlon, a factory worker, and his mother was Sarah Conlon, a hospital cleaner.[4]
In 1974, at age 20, Conlon went to England to seek work and to escape the everyday violence he was encountering on the streets of Belfast. He was living with a group of squatters in London when he was arrested for the Guildford pub bombings, which occurred on 5 October the same year.[5]
Conlon, along with fellow Irishmen Paul Michael Hill and Paddy Armstrong and Englishwoman Carole Richardson, known as the Guildford Four,[6] were convicted on 22 October 1975 of planting two bombs a year earlier in the Surrey town of Guildford, which killed five people and injured dozens more.[2] The four were sentenced to life in prison.[2] At their trial the judge, Lord John Donaldson, told the defendants, "If hanging were still an option you would have been executed."[5]
Conlon continued to protest his innocence, insisting that police had tortured him into making a false confession. On 19 October 1989,[2] his position was vindicated when the Guildford Four were freed after the Court of Appeal in London ruled that police had fabricated the handwritten interrogation notes used in the conviction. Crucial evidence proving Conlon could not have carried out the bombings had been held back by the police from the original trial.[5] Most notably, the police falsely claimed that they had been unable to locate Charles Burke, a homeless man with whom Conlon had been using drugs in a local park at the time of the bombings.[citation needed]
A group of Conlon's relatives, collectively known as the Maguire Seven, were convicted of being part of the bombing campaign and also spent decades in prison. Among them was his father, Giuseppe, who had travelled to London from Belfast to help his son mount a legal defence, and who died in prison in 1980.[7] In 1991 the Maguire Seven were also exonerated, although by this time they had all either served their prison sentences in full or, in the case of Giuseppe Conlon, died.[5] Scientists had falsely asserted that the hands of each defendant had tested positive for nitroglycerine.[4]
After emerging from the Court of Appeal as a free man, Conlon said: "I have been in prison for something I did not do. I am totally innocent. The Maguire Seven are innocent. Let's hope the Birmingham Six are freed." Conlon was represented by human rights lawyer Gareth Peirce, who also secured the release of the Birmingham Six.
Conlon described his experience of injustice in his book Proved Innocent (1990).[8] He was portrayed by Daniel Day-Lewis in the film In the Name of the Father (1993).[9]
After his release from prison, Conlon had problems adjusting to civilian life, suffering two nervous breakdowns, attempting suicide, and becoming addicted to alcohol and other drugs. He eventually recovered and became a campaigner against various miscarriages of justice in the United Kingdom and around the world.[5] Gerry Conlon also made a cameo appearance in the film Face (1997) alongside Robert Carlyle.
Death
editConlon died of lung cancer on 21 June 2014 in his native Belfast home, surrounded by family members.[5][9] His funeral was held at St Peter's Cathedral in Belfast: the ceremony was presided by Father Ciaran Dallat and saw the participation of the other members of the Guildford Four, the Maguire Seven, Irish Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore and Conlon's former lawyer Gareth Peirce.[10]
References
edit- ^ McKee, Grant; Franey, Ros (1998). Time Bomb: Irish Bombers, English Justice and the Guildford Four. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-0747500995.
- ^ a b c d e f "Guildford Four pub bombing files 'show fresh evidence'". BBC. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Gerry Conlon hadn't an ounce of republicanism in him, says biographer and boyhood pal". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Gerry Conlon obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f "Gerry Conlon, wrongfully imprisoned for IRA attack, dies at 60". The Globe and Mail (from New York Times News Service). Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
- ^ Ross Franey (18 October 1989). "Trial and error". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
- ^ Coogan, Tim (2002). The IRA. New York: St. Martins Press. p. 391. ISBN 0-312-29416-6.
- ^ Conlon, Gerry (4 August 1990). Proved innocent : the story of Gerry Conlon of the Guilford Four /. Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 9780241130650.
- ^ a b "Gerry Conlon dies aged 60 of cancer". Big News Network. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
- ^ "Guildford Four's Gerry Conlon: Funeral takes place in Belfast". BBC News. 27 June 2014.