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Giant Baba

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The native form of this personal name is Baba Shōhei. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Shohei Baba (馬場 正平, Baba Shōhei, January 23, 1938 – January 31, 1999), best known by his ring name Giant Baba (ジャイアント馬場, Jaianto Baba), was a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter, and professional baseball player. He is best known as a co-founder of All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), a promotion he founded in 1972 along with Mitsuo Momota and Yoshihiro Momota, the sons of his mentor Rikidōzan. For the first 10 years of its existence, Baba was the top star of All-Japan, while also serving as the booker, promoter, head trainer and president of the promotion from its inception in 1972 till his death in 1999. Baba was also responsible for recruiting much of the talent for All Japan, and was the public face of the promotion for much of his lifetime.

Giant Baba
ジャイアント馬場
Baba in 1964
Birth nameShohei Baba (馬場 正平, Baba Shōhei)
Born(1938-01-23)January 23, 1938
Sanjo, Niigata, Japan
DiedJanuary 31, 1999(1999-01-31) (aged 61)
Shinjuku, Tokyo Prefecture, Japan
Cause of deathColon cancer
Spouse(s)
Motoko Kawai
​
(m. 1971)​
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)Baba the Giant
Giant Baba
Shohei Baba
Shohei Big Baba
Billed height208 cm (6 ft 10 in)[1]
Billed weight140.5 kg (310 lb)[1]
Trained byFred Atkins
Kazuo Okamura
Rikidōzan
DebutSeptember 30, 1960

Considered one of the most beloved Japanese wrestlers ever, Baba was a national hero with a level of popularity in Japan comparable to that of Hulk Hogan in the United States. The 2006 Top 100 Historical Persons in Japan survey ranked Baba the 93rd greatest person in the history of Japan, as voted for by the general public.[2] Among his many accomplishments, Baba was a record seven-time winner of the Champion Carnival, a four-time PWF World Heavyweight Champion, three time NWA International Heavyweight Champion and a three-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion.

Early life

Shohei Baba was born on January 23, 1938, in Sanjo, Niigata Prefecture, the last son of Kazuo and Mitsu Baba. For most of his early childhood, Baba was one of the smallest children in his class, however, around the fifth grade, he began to grow at a rapid rate, and by the time he was in the ninth grade he was already 175 cm tall.[3] It soon became apparent he was suffering from gigantism. Nevertheless, Baba excelled at baseball, becoming the top player at his local club. After graduating from elementary school, Baba enrolled in the department of mechanical engineering at Sanjo Business High School. Baba was forced to give up baseball when he joined high school as he was continuing to grow at an incredible rate (190 cm at the age of 16) and no cleats could be sourced in his size.[3] He soon joined the art club instead, but this didn't last long as the school ordered custom cleats and Baba was invited to join the baseball team. Baba continued to impress, recording 18 strikeouts during a practice game, which led to tabloids reporting on "Sanjo High School's giant pitcher" and Baba garnering the attention of Nippon Professional Baseball scouts. In 1954, Baba met with Hidetoshi Genkawa of the Yomiuri Giants who invited Baba to drop out of high school and join the team full time. Baba accepted and began pitching for the Giants in January 1955 at #59.

Professional baseball career

Yomiuri Giants (1955–1959)

 
Baba during his rookie year with the Yomiuri Giants

Although Baba joined the Yomiuri Giants in 1955, he did not play in the league at all in his first year with the team by recommendation of director Shigeru Mizuhara.[4] Baba was relegated to the second team for his first year, earning 12 wins and 1 loss in his rookie year and 13 wins and 2 losses in 1957. Both years, Baba won the Nippon Professional Baseball second team league's best pitcher award.[5] However, at that time, professional baseball in Japan did not hold official games between the second team, and this career seems to be a lie. Baba began suffering eyesight problems in 1957 and was forced to take time off for surgery when it was discovered he had developed a brain tumour. Baba underwent craniotomy at the University of Tokyo Hospital on December 23, 1957. The success rate of the surgery at that time was very low, and the doctor warned Baba he was likely to lose his eyesight completely, however, the operation was successful, and Baba was discharged after a week. He returned to the camp with a bandage on his head in January 1958. Baba played for two more seasons, winning best pitcher for a third time in 1959. However, after Hideo Fujimoto, a coach who formed a bond with Baba and regularly advocated for him to start, left the team, Baba was released from the Giants in 1959 after five seasons.[6][7]

Taiyo Whales (1960)

Fujimoto would leave for the Taiyo Whales, and invited Baba to a training camp in an attempt to get him signed in 1960. Baba was invited for a tryout by Goro Taniguchi and eventually hired, requiring him to move to Kawasaki, however, just days after moving, Baba fell in the bathroom of his new apartment and crashed directly into the glass door of the shower, which required 17 stitches in his left elbow and led to Baba losing feeling in his hand for a while. Despite the injury not being serious, Baba retired from baseball shortly after and moved back to Niigata.

Professional wrestling career

Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance (1960–1972)

 
Baba training in 1962

Baba first met Rikidōzan while he was playing baseball, who told him he would do well as a professional wrestler. With his baseball career over, Baba decided to pursue professional wrestling. Meeting with Rikidōzan again in April 1960, Baba began training in the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance (JWA) dojo along with Kanji "Antonio" Inoki, a Japanese emigrant whom Rikidōzan met during a trip to Brazil. Baba and Inoki debuted on the same show on September 30, 1960, with Baba beating Yonetaro Tanaka in his first match. In 1961, Rikidōzan arranged for Baba to wrestle and live in the United States for a few months. Baba became a popular villain in America, wrestling on the west coast as the fan favourite "'Big' Shohei Baba", and as the villainous "Baba the Giant" in New York. He wrestled the likes of The Destroyer and Buddy Rogers numerous times, as well as Bruno Sammartino for the WWWF World Heavyweight Championship in Madison Square Garden in February 1964.[8][9][10]

While Baba was in America, his trainer Rikidōzan died, and the JWA began to struggle, and Baba returned to Japan full time in 1966. He formed a popular tag team known as "B-I Cannon" with Inoki, and the two won the NWA International Tag Team Championship from Tarzan Tyler and Bill Watts in 1968, going on to hold the titles four times in total.[11] Baba also held the NWA International Heavyweight Championship on three occasions,[12] and won the World Big League a record six times. As the JWA continued to struggle going into the 1970s, Baba and Inoki agreed to go their own separate ways. Inoki attempted a hostile takeover of the JWA in late 1971, for which he was fired, whereas Baba decided not to renew his contract in 1972. The JWA would disband the following year.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (1972–1999)

 
Baba after winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship for the first time, c. 1974

After leaving JWA, Baba and Inoki formed their own promotions. Rikidōzan's two sons followed Baba to his new promotion and helped co-found it. Baba's All Japan Pro Wrestling debuted in October 1972, backed by Nippon Television. AJPW established the PWF Heavyweight Championship and Giant Baba as its top star, with Baba winning the Championship in 1973 and holding it for 1920 days, making 38 successful defences before losing to Tor Kamata in 1978.[13] Baba won the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship from Jack Brisco ending Brisco's year and a half run as champion on December 2, 1974. A week later he dropped the title back to Brisco.[14] Baba would regain the title in America from Abdullah The Butcher in 1979, making another 13 successful defences before dropping the title to Harley Race in 1982.[15] Baba would go on to hold the title four times for a total of 3,847 days, or just over ten years. Baba's runs with the title made him synonymous with it, and promoted him to a new level of stardom in Japan. Between his debut in 1960 and April 1984, Baba wrestled 3,000 consecutive matches and did not miss a single booking, only breaking the cycle after he suffered a minor neck injury.

While continuing to be the promotion's top star, Baba also put a focus on using foreign wrestlers, inviting the likes of Dory Funk, Bruiser Brody, Abdullah The Butcher and Stan Hansen to compete for All Japan from the very beginning. Baba also focused heavily on training the next generation of wrestlers, particularly Jumbo Tsuruta, who was his first student after forming AJPW, and Atsushi Onita, with whom Baba formed an almost parent-like bond.

After losing the PWF Heavyweight Championship for the final time in 1985, Baba stepped back from the main event and instead focused on running the company while competing in lower-level matches, pushing Genichiro Tenryu and Jumbo Tsuruta as his successors. Baba ran his company with a schedule of eight tours a year travelling nationwide, and maintained this the entire time he was in charge. Baba remained an extremely popular figure among fans, and continued teaming with young wrestlers and veterans in opening matches into the late 1990s, maintaining a full-time schedule until December 1998. Under Baba's rule, All Japan Pro Wrestling reached unprecedented heights of popularity in the 1990s, thanks to Baba's booking and the performances of Baba disciples Mitsuharu Misawa, Toshiaki Kawada, Akira Taue and Kenta Kobashi, dubbed the "Four Pillars of Heaven" by publications. With the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship as the focal point, All Japan sold out more than 250 consecutive shows in Tokyo throughout the early to mid-1990s, routinely drawing houses in the $1,000,000 range eight times a year at Budokan Hall. At the peak of the company, tickets for the next Budokan show would be sold at the live event and completely sell out that night. In 1998, Baba finally agreed to run the Tokyo Dome on May 1, and despite it being a few years since the company peaked, they still drew 58,300 paying fans. It became well known that as a promoter, Baba would rather use a handshake agreement than a signed contract, as he had a great reputation for keeping his word when it came to match finishes and payrolls. Because of this, many regarded Baba as the most honest promoter in the professional-wrestling business.

Throughout 1998, it was becoming clearer and clearer that Baba's health was deteriorating. Despite this, he worked a full-time schedule throughout the year, touring the country and competing on most shows. However, Baba was slowly losing a tremendous amount of weight, and looked much more pale and weak compared to his previous self. His final match, prior to being confined to a hospital bed, occurred on December 5, 1998, at Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, where he teamed with Rusher Kimura and Mitsuo Momota to take on Masanobu Fuchi, Haruka Eigen, and Tsuyoshi Kikuchi, bringing his career total to 5,769 matches.[16][17]

Personal life

Little is known about Baba's life outside the ring. A reserved and private man, he did not drink or carouse with other wrestlers after shows. Baba was highly respected by foreign wrestlers, as he always made sure that they travelled first class and stayed in the best hotels, and paid for all of their beer and food. Although not a heavy or frequent drinker, Baba was known to have an incredible tolerance for alcohol and consume it for hours without showing any effects. He was a heavy smoker who preferred cigars, but quit after his friend Gyutsu Matsuyama, another heavy smoker, was hospitalised with stomach cancer.

On September 16, 1971, he married Motoko Kawai (born January 2, 1940) in Hawaii, a place Baba enjoyed and regularly visited. Knowledge of their wedding was not widely publicized until almost ten years later, when they announced it at a press conference. A ceremony was held in 1983. Baba and his wife had no children fearing the child could also suffer from gigantism. Baba and his wife instead developed a close relationship with Baba's student Atsushi Onita who Baba considered like his own child; Baba and Motoko considered adopting Onita at one point. Onita has said "I learned the most important things as a human being from Mr. Baba".

Motoko died on April 14, 2018, from cirrhosis of the liver; she was 78 years old.[18]

Death

In January 1999, Baba was taken in to a hospital and confined to a bed. He saw his last wrestling match on January 22, as Toshiaki Kawada defeated Mitsuharu Misawa for the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship. Nine days later on January 31, 1999, Baba died of liver failure from complications of colon cancer at approximately 16:04 local time in the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. He was 61 years old. Present at his deathbed were his wife, his older sister, his niece, Yukiko, All Japan ring announcer Ryu Nakada and senior referee Kyohei Wada.

Baba had known about his cancer diagnosis for at least a year prior to his death but kept it a secret, not wanting to cause worry about his condition. Baba's three closest employees, Jumbo Tsuruta, Mitsuharu Misawa and Joe Higuchi, did not know about it until after he died.

Baba's funeral was delayed due to the fact they could not find a casket large enough to fit his body. A memorial service was held publicly on April 17, 1999, at the Nippon Budokan the day after the 1999 Champion Carnival final. Over 28,000 people attended, including the entirety of the All Japan Pro Wrestling roster, as well as Baba's wife and family. His body was later cremated, and his tomb is located at Honmatsuji in Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture.[19]

Championships and accomplishments

 
Baba (right) and Jumbo Tsuruta as NWA International Tag Team Champions, c. 1984
 
Baba as PWF World Heavyweight Champion, 1982

References

  1. ^ a b Shields, Brian; Sullivan, Kevin (2009). WWE Encyclopedia. DK. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-7566-4190-0.
  2. ^ a b "Japanese rank their favorite 100 historical figures". Japan Probe. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  3. ^ a b ジャイアント馬場年譜
  4. ^ 晩年に出版した「馬場伝説」でも新潟県ではじめてのプロ野球選手という記述があるが、異説もあり、「文芸春秋」2012年3月号の二宮清純「プロ野球 伝説の検証10」によると、新潟県第1号のプロ野球選手は高田市（現・上越市）出身の渡辺一衛（大映）とされ、巨人にも杉本定介、鈴木実など新潟県出身の先輩がいるため、馬場の言う「新潟県第1号のプロ野球選手」は本人の記憶違いとしている。
  5. ^ 二宮清純『プロ野球「衝撃の昭和史」』、文藝春秋、2012年、ISBN 9784166608812
  6. ^ "ジャイアント馬場 プロ野球デビューから現役断念までの足跡". NEWSポストセブン.
  7. ^ "馬場 正平（読売ジャイアンツ） | 個人年度別成績". NPB.jp 日本野球機構.
  8. ^ "WWWF " Events Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  9. ^ "WWA " Events Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  10. ^ "NWA Capitol Wrestling " Events Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  11. ^ "JWA New Year Championship Series 1968 - Tag 6 " Events Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  12. ^ "Titles " Giant Baba " Wrestlers Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  13. ^ "Title Reigns " PWF Heavyweight Championship " Titles Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  14. ^ "Giant Baba: Matches". cagematch.net.
  15. ^ "Title Reigns " PWF Heavyweight Championship " Titles Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  16. ^ "AJPW Real World Tag League 1998 - Tag 16 " Events Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net.
  17. ^ "Giant Baba - Match Results: 1998". puroresu.com.
  18. ^ "Former AJPW Owner Motoko Baba Passes Away at 78". Won/F4W - Wwe News, Pro Wrestling News, Wwe Results, Aew News, Aew Results. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  19. ^ ジャイアント馬場「ファン葬」、4月17日武道館で Archived November 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 葬とれんど
  20. ^ Kreikenbohm, Philip. "Open Tag League 1977 " Tournaments Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  21. ^ Kreikenbohm, Philip. "Real World Tag League 1985 " Tournaments Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  22. ^ "PUROLOVE.com". www.purolove.com.
  23. ^ Kreikenbohm, Philip. "Real World Tag League 1991 " Tournaments Database " CAGEMATCH - The Internet Wrestling Database". www.cagematch.net. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
  24. ^ "Induction Class 2021 | Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame". IPWHF. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  25. ^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Top 500 Wrestlers of the PWI Years". Wrestling Information Archive. Archived from the original on October 14, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  26. ^ a b "The Great Hisa's Puroresu Dojo: Puroresu Awards: 1990s". Puroresu.com. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  27. ^ a b c d e "The Great Hisa's Puroresu Dojo: Puroresu Awards: 1970s". Puroresu.com. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  28. ^ a b c d e f "The Great Hisa's Puroresu Dojo: Puroresu Awards: 1980s". Puroresu.com. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  29. ^ 東京スポーツ プロレス大賞. Tokyo Sports (in Japanese). Retrieved January 20, 2014.
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