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He was born in Xavier, Kingdom of Navarre, but shortly after that Kingdom was integrated to Spain, so he was also Spanish most of his life. Tag: Disambiguation links added |
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{{Jesuit}}
'''Francis Xavier''', [[Jesuits|SJ]] (born '''Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta'''; [[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Franciscus Xaverius''; [[Basque language|Basque]]: ''Frantzisko Xabierkoa''; French: ''François Xavier''; Spanish: ''Francisco Javier''; [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Francisco Xavier''; 7 April 1506{{snd}}3 December 1552), venerated as '''Saint Francis Xavier''', was a [[Spanish]] [[Navarre]]se [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Christian missionary|missionary]] and [[saint]] who co-founded the [[Society of Jesus]] and, as a representative of the [[Portuguese Empire]], led the first Christian mission to [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schurhammer |first=Georg |url=http://archive.org/details/fx-schurhammer4 |title=Francis Xavier: His Life, his times – vol. 4: Japan and China, 1549–1552 |date=1982 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Roldán-Figueroa |first=Rady |title=Background: Catholic Missions in Japan |date=2021 |work=The Martyrs of Japan |pages=13–34 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004458062/BP000003.xml |access-date=2024-03-30 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-45806-2}}</ref>
Born in the town of [[Xavier, Spain|Xavier]], [[Kingdom of Navarre]], he was a companion of [[Ignatius of Loyola]] and one of the first seven [[Jesuits]] who took vows of poverty and chastity at [[Montmartre]], Paris in 1534.{{sfn|Attwater|1965|p=141}} He led an extensive mission into Asia, mainly the [[Portuguese Empire in the East]], and was influential in [[evangelization]] work, most notably in [[early modern India]]. He was extensively involved in the missionary activity in [[Portuguese India]]. In 1546, Francis Xavier proposed the establishment of the [[Goan Inquisition]] in a letter addressed to King [[John III of Portugal]].{{sfn|Neill|2004|p=160|ps=: "By another route I have written to your highness of the great need there is in India for preachers... The second necessity which obtains in India, if those who live there are to be good Christians, is that your highness should institute the holy Inquisition; for there are many who live according to the law of Moses or the law of Muhammad without any fear of God or shame before men".}}{{sfn|Rao|1963|p=43}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=How did St. Francis Xavier shape Catholicism? {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-did-st-francis-xavier-shape-catholicism |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |quote= However, his actions in India were not without controversy, as he was involved with the establishment of the Goa Inquisition, which punished converts accused of continuing to practice Hinduism or other religions.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/student/Goa-Inquisition/2015/09/03/article2979630.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118130358/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/student/Goa-Inquisition/2015/09/03/article2979630.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 November 2015|title=Goa Inquisition|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=26 June 2017}}</ref> While some sources claim that he actually asked for a special minister whose sole office would be to further [[Christianity in Goa]],{{sfn|Coleridge|1872|p=268}} others disagree with this assertion.{{sfn|Neill|2004|pp=160–161|ps=: [Let the king warn the governor that] "should he fail to take active steps for the great increase of our faith, you are determined to punish him, and inform him with a solemn oath that, on his return to Portugal, all his property will be forfeited for the benefit of the Santa Misericordia, and beyond this tell him that you will keep him in irons for a number of years... There is no better way of ensuring that all in India become Christians than that your highness should inflict severe punishment on a governor".}} As a representative of the king of Portugal, he was also the first major [[Christian missionary]] to venture into [[Borneo]], the [[Maluku Islands]], Japan, and other areas. In those areas, struggling to learn the local languages and in the face of opposition, he had less success than he had enjoyed in India. Xavier was about to extend his mission to [[Ming China]], when he died on [[Shangchuan Island]].
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