ढाँचा:Cite book

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite citeseerx}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for books. When citing an article in a periodical, use {{cite journal}}. For edited collections, use {{cite encyclopedia}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

To cite a book with a credited author {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn= |accessdate= }} To cite a book with no credited author {{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |page= |date= |isbn= |accessdate= }} To cite an online book that has been archived {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |deadurl= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= }} To cite a book written in a foreign language {{cite book |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans_title= |url= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |accessdate= }} To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language book re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription {{cite book |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans_title= |url= |deadurl= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |isbn= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |via= |subscription= |quote= }}

Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |author-name-separator= |author-separator= |lastauthoramp= |date= |year= |origyear= |chapter= |trans_chapter= |chapterurl= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans_title= |url= |deadurl= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi_brokendate= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |via= |registration= |subscription= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |separator= |postscript= |ref= }}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Parameters	Prerequisites	Brief instructions / notes	Vertical list
last1		may also use last; for additional authors, last2, last3, etc.	{{cite book |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2= |first2= |display-authors= |author-name-separator= |author-separator= |lastauthoramp= |date= |year= |origyear= |chapter= |trans-chapter= |chapterurl= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor1-mask= |display-editors= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |deadurl= |format= |type= |series= |language= |volume= |issue= |others= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-date= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-brokendate= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |via= |registration= |subscription= |laysummary= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |separator= |postscript= |ref= }}
first1	last or last1	may also use first; for additional authors, first2, first3, etc.
author-link1	last or last1	may also use author-link
author-mask1	last or last1	may also use author-mask
last2	last1
first2	last2
display-authors	last or last1
author-name-separator	last or last1
author-separator	last or last1
lastauthoramp	last or last1
date
year
origyear	year or date
chapter		do not wikilink chapter if chapterurl is provided
trans-chapter	chapter
chapterurl	chapter
editor1-last		may also use editor-last
editor1-first	editor1-last	may also use editor-first
editor1-link	editor1-last	may also use editor-link
editor1-mask	editor1-last
display-editors
title
script-title
trans-title	title or script-title
url	title or script-title
deadurl
format	url
type
series
language
volume
issue
others
edition
location	publisher
publisher
publication-date
page		choose one: page, pages or at
pages		choose one: page, pages or at. When content on multiple pages supports the article text.
at		choose one: page, pages or at
nopp	page or pages	set nopp to yes to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
arxiv
asin
bibcode
doi
doi-brokendate	doi
isbn		always include ISBN if one has been assigned
issn
jfm
jstor
lccn
mr
oclc
ol
osti
pmc
pmid
rfc
ssrn
zbl
id
archiveurl	archivedate
archivedate	archiveurl
accessdate	url
via
registration
subscription
laysummary
laysource	laysummary
laydate	laysummary
quote
separator
postscript
ref
If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

Title

• {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book}}

Mysterious Book.

Title and year

• {{cite book |title=Mysterious Book |date=1901}}

Mysterious Book. 1901.

Basic usage (single author)

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}

Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage (two authors)

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |authorlink1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Bloggs |first2=Fred |authorlink2=Fred Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs}}

Bloggs, Joe; Bloggs, Fred (1974). Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage with url (and accessdate) and edition

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |authorlink=Joe Bloggs |date=1974 |title=Book of Bloggs |edition=1st |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |accessdate=February 17, 2006}}

Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006.

Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7}}

Bloggs, Fred (January 1, 2001). "Chapter 2: The History of the Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Compilation Book with Many Chapters and Distinct Chapter Authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7.

Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |last2=Egg |first2=Fred |editor-last=Doe |editor-first=John |title=Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=January 1, 2001 |origyear=1st. Pub. 1986 |pages=100–110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There |chapterurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn=978-1-234-56789-7 |lastauthoramp=y}}

Bloggs, Joe & Egg, Fred (January 1, 2001) [1st. Pub. 1986]. "Chapter 6: Getting There". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Book with Many Chapters and Two Co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-1-234-56789-7.

Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition

• {{cite book |last1=Bloggs |first1=Joe |authorlink1=Joe Bloggs |last2=Smith |first2=John |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |title=[[A Thousand Acres|1000 Acres]] |edition=2nd}}

Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim. 1000 Acres (2nd ed.).

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (without volume and lastauthoramp)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3}}

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2007) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter (with volume and lastauthoramp)

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East |volume=Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2007 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |lastauthoramp=y}}

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2007) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Date without day, wikilinked title and publisher, pages, edition, location

• {{cite book |last1=Cordell |first1=Bruce R. |last2=Grubb |first2=Jeff |last3=Noonan |first3=David |date=September 2001 |title=[[Manual of the Planes]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Wizards of the Coast]] |location=Renton, Wash. |isbn=0-7869-1850-0 |pages=134–137}}

Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff; Noonan, David (September 2001). Manual of the Planes (3rd ed.). Renton, Wash.: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-0.

Other language

• {{cite book |last=Bloggs |first=Jean |date=1974 |title=Livre de Bloggs |edition=1st |language=French |trans_title=Book of Bloggs |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |accessdate=February 17, 2006}}

Bloggs, Jean (1974). Livre de Bloggs (in French) (1st ed.). Retrieved February 17, 2006. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Using a DOI

• {{cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |authorlink=David Mumford |date=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X}}

Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.

Using author-mask parameter

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |lastauthoramp=y}}

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S.; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.) |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:19541956 |isbn=1-845740-66-1 |lastauthoramp=y |author-mask=2}}

——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:19541956]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-66-1.

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Flynn |first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.) |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Gleave |first4=Group Captain T.P. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=Sir James |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]]:19541960 |isbn=1-845740-67-X |lastauthoramp=y |author-mask=2}}

——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:19541960]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes Reach Their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-67-X.

Using display-authors parameter

• {{cite book |last1=Playfair |first1=Major-General I.S.O. |authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair |last2=Stitt |first2=Commander G.M.S. |last3=Molony |first3=Brigadier C.J.C. |last4=Toomer |first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E. |editor-last=Butler |editor-first=J.R.M. |editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series |title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941) |publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |date=2004 |origyear=1st. pub. [[HMSO]] |r=1954 |isbn=1-845740-65-3 |display-authors=1}}

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; et al. (1954) [1st. pub. HMSO]. Butler, J.R.M. (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

• use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example  , –, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup '' (italic font) or ''' (bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies.

• |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
• |chapter=, |contribution=, |entry=, |article=, |section=
• |title=
• |publication-place=, |publicationplace=, |place=, |location=
• |date=, |year=, |publication-date=, |publicationdate=
• |series=, |version=
• |volume=, |issue=, |number=
• |page=, |pages=, |at=
• |edition=
• |publisher=, |distributor=, |institution=
• |url=, |chapter-url=, |chapterurl=, |contribution-url=, |contributionurl=, |section-url=, |sectionurl=
• |author#=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |last#=, |surname#=
• |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |first#=, |given#=
• any of the named identifiers: |isbn=, |issn=, |doi=, |pmc=, etc.

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters

Deprecated parameter	Replace with
none deprecated at present

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
  • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead.
  • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
  • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, authorlink, authorlink1, author1-link, author1link.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: authorlink1 through authorlinkn, or author1-link through authorn-link, or author1link through authornlink.
  • name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s).
• vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses:

  |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))

  • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
• authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
• translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
  • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
  • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
  • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
• collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith.
• Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 §Titles and chapters.)

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, title holds a Romanization of title in script-title.
  • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title. May be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	{{!}} (preferred)
	{{bracket|text}}		| or {{pipe}} – see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe

• title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias: titlelink.

• type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.

• chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes.
  • script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); follows Romanization defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:

    ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...

  • trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
• contribution: A separately-authored part of author's book. May be wikilinked or may use contribution-url, but not both. Values of Afterword, Foreword, Introduction, or Preface will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given in contributor.

• language: A comma-separated list of the languages in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name, e.g. |language=fr, pt-br or |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, use of language codes is preferred so that languages render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of 'Spanish'. Aliases: lang

Date

• date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.^[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.

For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.

Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in date parameters (|date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.

• year: Year of source being referenced. Use of |date= is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
  1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
  2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
• orig-year: Original publication year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-year=First published 1859 or |orig-year=Composed 1904. Alias: origyear}}
• df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:

  dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;

  mdy – as above for month day, year format

  ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

  dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;

  mdy-all – as above for month day, year format

  ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title.
• place: For news stories with a dateline, that is, the location where the story was written. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location
• publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
• via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. See the access level parameters to display access restrictions.

Edition, series, volume

• edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37); volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase roman numerals, or less than five characters will appear in bold. Any non-numeric value of five or more characters will be presumed to follow some other convention and will not appear in bold.

In-source locations

• page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |nopp=y. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12.
• OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |nopp=y.
  Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15.
  • nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, see WP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
  • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
  • archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive (see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine), WebCite (see Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and archive.is (see Wikipedia:Using archive.is); requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
    • archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate.
    • url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required).
    • archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=
  • url-access: See Access indicators for url-holding parameters
  • template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error-checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template-doc-demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated. Alias: no-cat.
• format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	{	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7b	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Anchor

• ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; |ref=harv may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678.

When an URL is equivalent to the link produced by the corresponding identifier (such as a DOI), don't add it to any URL parameter but use the appropriate identifier parameter, which is more stable and may allow to specify the access status. The |url= parameter or title link can then be used for its prime purpose of providing a convenience link to an open access copy (as in, at least accessible to everyone for free) which would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

• arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: au, br, ca, cn, co.jp, co.uk, de, es, fr, it, mx. Aliases: none.
• bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
• biorxiv: bioRxiv id, a 6-digit number at the end of the biorXiv URL (e.g. 078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://dx.doi.org/10.1101/078733). Aliases: none.
• citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
• doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI.
  • doi-broken: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at https://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: doi-broken-date, doi-inactive-date.
• eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN.
• hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13.
  • ignore-isbn-error: In very rare cases, actually used ISBNs (as printed on books) do not follow the standard checksum algorithm. In order to suppress the error message, the |ignore-isbn-error=true parameter can be used to disable the checksum check in these cases. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the ISBN instead of overriding the error message. Aliases: ignoreisbnerror.
• ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM.
• jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107 will generate JSTOR 3793107. Aliases: JSTOR.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case; example |lccn=2004042477. Aliases: LCCN.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR.
• oclc: OCLC; WorldCat's Online Computer Library Center; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC.
• ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI.
• pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.. Aliases: PMC.
  • embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
• pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases: PMID.
• rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC.
• sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN.
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN.
• s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID.
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation.

Editors

• editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1.
  • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor.
  • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=....

• editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1.
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link).
• name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to vanc and when the list uses last/first parameters for the name list(s)

• veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses:

  |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.))

• editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above

• editors: free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged; not an alias of editor-last

Display:

Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Laysummary

• lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Alias: layurl.
  • lay-source: Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash. Alias: laysource.
  • lay-date: Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.
  • lay-format: File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. See Using |format=

Display options

• mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
• author-mask:
• contributor-mask:
• editor-mask:
• interviewer-mask:
• translator-mask:

  Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name.

• display-authors: Controls the number of author names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of authors, set display-authors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation. By default, all authors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayauthors.
• display-editors: Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: displayeditors.
• last-author-amp: Switches the separator between the last two names of the author list to space ampersand space ( & ) when set to y, yes, or true. Example: |last-author-amp=yes
• postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

Tracked in Phabricator
Task T225430

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal the access restrictions of the external links included in a citation. Nota bene: access icons do not display correctly for editors who use Modern skin.

Four access levels can be used:

• access indicator for named identifiers:
  • free: the source is free to read for anyone
• access indicators for url-holding parameters:
  • registration: a free registration is required to access the source
  • limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this source
  • subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription ("paywall")

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, these values are attributed to a particular external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters

Sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free.

url-holding and access-indicator parameters

url	access	allowed keywords
|url=	|url-access=	registration limited subscription
|article-url=	|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=	|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=	|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=	|entry-url-access=
|map-url=	|map-url-access=
|section-url=	|section-url-access=

Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription.

named-identifier and access-indicator parameters

identifier	access	allowed keywords
|bibcode=	|bibcode-access=	free
|doi=	|doi-access=
|hdl=	|hdl-access=
|jstor=	|jstor-access=
|ol=	|ol-access=
|osti=	|osti-access=
|s2cid=	|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named-identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters, the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

• |arxiv=
• |biorxiv=
• |citeseerx=
• |pmc=
• |rfc=
• |ssrn=

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template.

TemplateData for Cite book

This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.

ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]

मापदण्ड		विवरण	प्रकार	स्थिति
URL	url URL	The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found	String	वैकल्पिक
Title	title	The title of the book; displays in italics	String	आवश्यक
Last name	last author author1 authors last1	The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	अज्ञात	सुझावित
First name	first first1	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	अज्ञात	सुझावित
Author link	authorlink authorlink1	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of second author	last2 author2	The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name of second author	first2	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link for second author	authorlink2	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last3 author3	The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first3	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink3 author3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last4 author4	The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first4	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink4 author4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last5 author5	The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first5	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink5 author5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last6 author6	The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first6 author6-link	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink6	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last7 author7	The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first7	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink7 author7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last8 author8	The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first8	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink8 author8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name	last9 author9	The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
First name	first9	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Author link	authorlink9 author9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
date	date	Full date of the source; do not wikilink	String	वैकल्पिक
Work	work	Name of the work in which the cited book text is found	String	वैकल्पिक
Publisher	publisher	Name of the publisher; displays after title	String	सुझावित
URL access date	accessdate	The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink	String	वैकल्पिक
Others	others	Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'	String	वैकल्पिक
Year of publication	year	Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known	String	सुझावित
Original year	origyear	Original year of publication; provide specifics	String	वैकल्पिक
ISBN	isbn	International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible	String	सुझावित
Editor last name	editor-last editor editor1-last editors	The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Editor first name	editor-first editor1-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	अज्ञात	वैकल्पिक
Editor link	editor-link editor1-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of second editor	editor2-last	The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of second editor	editor2-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for second editor	editor2-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of third editor	editor3-last	The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of third editor	editor3-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for third editor	editor3-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of fourth editor	editor4-last	The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of fourth editor	editor4-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for fourth editor	editor4-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of fifth editor	editor5-last	The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of fifth editor	editor5-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for fifth editor	editor5-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of sixth editor	editor6-last	The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of sixth editor	editor6-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for sixth editor	editor6-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of seventh editor	editor7-last	The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of seventh editor	editor7-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for seventh editor	editor7-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of eighth editor	editor8-last	The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of eighth editor	editor8-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for eighth editor	editor8-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Last name of ninth editor	editor9-last	The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
First name of ninth editor	editor9-first	Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'	String	वैकल्पिक
Link for ninth editor	editor9-link	Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor	पृष्ठ नाम	वैकल्पिक
Edition	edition	When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.'	String	वैकल्पिक
Series identifier	series version	Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal	String	वैकल्पिक
Volume	volume	For one publication published in several volumes	String	वैकल्पिक
Location of publication	location place	Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place	String	सुझावित
Place of publication	publication-place	Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'	String	वैकल्पिक
Publication date	publication-date	Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink	String	वैकल्पिक
Page	page	The number of a single page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both	String	वैकल्पिक
Page(s) cited	pages	A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both	String	सुझावित
No pp	nopp	Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')	String	वैकल्पिक
At	at	May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient	String	वैकल्पिक
Language	language	The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates	String	वैकल्पिक
Script title	script-title	For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...	String	वैकल्पिक
Translated title	trans-title	An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	वैकल्पिक
Chapter	chapter	The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both	String	वैकल्पिक
Translated chapter	trans-chapter	An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended	String	वैकल्पिक
Chapter URL	chapterurl chapter-url	The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found	String	वैकल्पिक
Type	type	Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case	String	वैकल्पिक
Format	format	Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML	String	वैकल्पिक
arXiv identifier	arxiv	An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers	String	वैकल्पिक
ASIN	asin	Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters	String	वैकल्पिक
ASIN TLD	asin-tld	ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US	String	वैकल्पिक
Bibcode	bibcode	Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters	String	वैकल्पिक
DOI	doi	Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'	String	वैकल्पिक
DOI broken date	doi_brokendate	The date that the DOI was determined to be broken	String	वैकल्पिक
ISSN	issn	International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen	String	वैकल्पिक
jfm code	jfm	Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code	String	वैकल्पिक
JSTOR	jstor	JSTOR identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
LCCN	lccn	Library of Congress Control Number	String	वैकल्पिक
MR	mr	Mathematical Reviews identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
OCLC	oclc	Online Computer Library Center number	String	वैकल्पिक
OL	ol	Open Library identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
OSTI	osti	Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
PMC	pmc	PubMed Center article number	String	वैकल्पिक
PMID	pmid	PubMed Unique Identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
RFC	rfc	Request for Comments number	String	वैकल्पिक
SSRN	ssrn	Social Science Research Network	String	वैकल्पिक
Zbl	zbl	Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier	String	वैकल्पिक
id	id	A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable	String	वैकल्पिक
Archive URL	archiveurl	The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'	String	वैकल्पिक
Archive date	archivedate	Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink	String	वैकल्पिक
Dead URL	deadurl	If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live	String	वैकल्पिक
Quote	quote	Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation	String	वैकल्पिक
Ref	ref	An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template	String	वैकल्पिक
Separator	separator	The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark पूर्वनिर्धारित .	String	वैकल्पिक
Postscript	postscript	The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined पूर्वनिर्धारित .	String	वैकल्पिक
Lay URL	layurl laysummary	URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source	String	वैकल्पिक
Lay source	laysource	Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash	String	वैकल्पिक
Lay date	laydate	Date of the summary; displays in parentheses	String	वैकल्पिक
Author mask	author-mask	Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead	String	वैकल्पिक
Author name separator	author-name-separator	Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark पूर्वनिर्धारित ,	String	वैकल्पिक
Author separator	author-separator	Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk, colon, or hash mark पूर्वनिर्धारित ;	String	वैकल्पिक
Display authors	display-authors displayauthors	number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed पूर्वनिर्धारित 8	सङ्ख्या	वैकल्पिक
Last author ampersand	lastauthoramp	When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'	String	वैकल्पिक

See also

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

The above documentation is transcluded from ढाँचा:Cite book/doc. (edit | history)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools; see the monthly parameter usage report for this template. TemplateData for Cite book This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options. ढाँचा प्यारामिटरहरू[ढाँचा डाटा सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्] This template prefers inline formatting of parameters. मापदण्ड विवरण प्रकार स्थिति URL url URL The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..." उदाहरण https://books.google.com/books?id=... String वैकल्पिक Title title The title of the book; displays in italics String आवश्यक Title link title-link titlelink episode-link episodelink Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Last name last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String सुझावित First name first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String सुझावित Vancouver style author list vauthors If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses उदाहरण Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) String वैकल्पिक Last name 2 last2 author2 surname2 author-last2 author2-last subject2 The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String वैकल्पिक First name 2 first2 given2 author-first2 author2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors String वैकल्पिक Last name 3 last3 author3 surname3 author-last3 author3-last subject3 The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. String वैकल्पिक First name 3 first3 given3 author-first3 author3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 4 last4 author4 surname4 author-last4 author4-last subject4 The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. String वैकल्पिक First name 4 first4 given4 author-first4 author4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 5 last5 author5 surname5 author-last5 author5-last subject5 The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. String वैकल्पिक First name 5 first5 given5 author-first5 author5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 6 last6 author6 surname6 author-last6 author6-last subject6 The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. String वैकल्पिक First name 6 first6 given6 author-first6 author6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 7 last7 author7 surname7 author-last7 author7-last subject7 The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. String वैकल्पिक First name 7 first7 given7 author-first7 author7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 8 last8 author8 surname8 author-last8 author8-last subject8 The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. String वैकल्पिक First name 8 first8 given8 author-first8 author8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Last name 9 last9 author9 surname9 author-last9 author9-last subject9 The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. String वैकल्पिक First name 9 first9 given9 author-first9 author9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. String वैकल्पिक Collaboration collaboration Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list. String वैकल्पिक Date date air-date airdate Full date of the source; do not wikilink मिति वैकल्पिक Work work journal website newspaper magazine encyclopedia encyclopaedia dictionary mailinglist Name of the work in which the cited book text is found String वैकल्पिक Publisher publisher distributor institution newsgroup Name of the publisher; displays after title String सुझावित Others others Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith' String वैकल्पिक Year of publication year Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known String सुझावित ISBN isbn ISBN13 isbn13 ISBN International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible String सुझावित Ignore ISBN Error ignore-isbn-error True if ISBN Errors should be ignored.If set, page will be added to a maintenance category "CS1 maint: Ignored ISBN errors". बुलियन वैकल्पिक Editor last name editor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Editor first name editor-first editor-given editor-first1 editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Link for editor editor-link editorlink editor-link1 editor1-link editorlink1 editor1link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Editor mask editor-mask editormask editormask1 editor1-mask editor-mask1 editor1mask Replaces the name of the first editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Vancouver style editor list veditors Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses उदाहरण Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation)) String वैकल्पिक Editors list editors Free-form list of editor names; use of this parameter is discouraged अज्ञात बहिष्कृत Edition edition When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed by ' ed.' String वैकल्पिक Series identifier series version Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal String वैकल्पिक Volume volume For one publication published in several volumes String वैकल्पिक Location of publication location place Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place String सुझावित Place of publication publication-place publicationplace Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' String वैकल्पिक Publication date publication-date publicationdate Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink String वैकल्पिक Page page p The number of a single page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both String वैकल्पिक Page(s) cited pages pp A range of pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.'; use either page= or pages=, but not both String सुझावित No pp nopp Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') String वैकल्पिक At at May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient String वैकल्पिक Language language in The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates String वैकल्पिक Translator last name translator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name translator-first translator1-first translator-first1 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. String वैकल्पिक Script title script-title For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... String वैकल्पिक Translated title trans-title trans_title An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String वैकल्पिक Chapter chapter contribution entry article section The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last String वैकल्पिक Script Chapter script-chapter Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script उदाहरण ja:東京タワー String वैकल्पिक Translated chapter trans-chapter trans_chapter An English language chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String वैकल्पिक Type type medium Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case String वैकल्पिक Format format Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String वैकल्पिक arXiv identifier arxiv ARXIV eprint An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers String वैकल्पिक arXiv Class class Cite arXiv identifiers String वैकल्पिक ASIN asin ASIN Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters String वैकल्पिक ASIN TLD asin-tld ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US String वैकल्पिक Bibcode bibcode Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters String वैकल्पिक biorXiv biorxiv biorXiv identifier; 6 digits रेखा वैकल्पिक CiteSeerX citeseerx CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter रेखा वैकल्पिक DOI doi DOI Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' String वैकल्पिक EISSN eissn EISSN International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space. उदाहरण 2009-0048 String वैकल्पिक Handle System identifier hdl HDL Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet String वैकल्पिक ISMN ismn ISMN International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. उदाहरण 979-0-9016791-7-7 String वैकल्पिक ISSN issn ISSN International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen String वैकल्पिक jfm code jfm Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code String वैकल्पिक JSTOR jstor JSTOR JSTOR identifier String वैकल्पिक LCCN lccn LCCN Library of Congress Control Number String वैकल्पिक MR mr MR Mathematical Reviews identifier String वैकल्पिक OCLC oclc OCLC Online Computer Library Center number String वैकल्पिक OL ol OL Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" at beginning of identifier String वैकल्पिक OSTI osti OSTI Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier String वैकल्पिक PMC pmc PubMed Center article number String वैकल्पिक PMID pmid PMID PubMed Unique Identifier String वैकल्पिक RFC rfc Request for Comments number String वैकल्पिक SSRN ssrn Social Science Research Network String वैकल्पिक Zbl zbl Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier String वैकल्पिक id id ID A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable String वैकल्पिक Quote quote quotation Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation String वैकल्पिक Ref ref An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates String वैकल्पिक Name list format name-list-format Accepts the single keyword 'vanc' to emulate Vancouver Style author / editor name-lists. String वैकल्पिक Mode mode Sets separator and terminal punctuation to the style named in the assigned value; allowable values are: 'cs1' or 'cs2' String वैकल्पिक Postscript postscript The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none' पूर्वनिर्धारित . String वैकल्पिक Registration registration For online sources that require registration, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); superseded by subscription if both are set String वैकल्पिक Subscription subscription For online sources that require subscription, set to 'yes' (or 'y', or 'true'); supersedes registration if both are set String वैकल्पिक Author mask author-mask authormask authormask1 author1-mask author-mask1 author1mask Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 2 author-mask2 authormask2 author2-mask author2mask Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 3 author-mask3 authormask3 author3-mask author3mask Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 4 author-mask4 authormask4 author4-mask author4mask Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 5 author-mask5 authormask5 author5-mask author5mask Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 6 author-mask6 authormask6 author6-mask author6mask Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 7 author-mask7 authormask7 author7-mask author7mask Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 8 author-mask8 authormask8 author8-mask author8mask Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Author mask 9 author-mask9 authormask9 author9-mask author9mask Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Display authors display-authors displayauthors number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used सङ्ख्या वैकल्पिक Author link author-link authorlink subjectlink subject-link authorlink1 author-link1 author1-link subjectlink1 author1link subject-link1 subject1-link subject1link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 2 author-link2 authorlink2 author2-link subjectlink2 author2link subject-link2 subject2-link subject2link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 3 author-link3 authorlink3 author3-link subjectlink3 author3link subject-link3 subject3-link subject3link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 4 author-link4 authorlink4 author4-link subjectlink4 author4link subject-link4 subject4-link subject4link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 5 author-link5 authorlink5 author5-link subjectlink5 author5link subject-link5 subject5-link subject5link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 6 author-link6 authorlink6 author6-link subjectlink6 author6link subject-link6 subject6-link subject6link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 7 author-link7 authorlink7 author7-link subjectlink7 author7link subject-link7 subject7-link subject7link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 8 author-link8 authorlink8 author8-link subjectlink8 author8link subject-link8 subject8-link subject8link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Author link 9 author-link9 authorlink9 author9-link subjectlink9 author9link subject-link9 subject9-link subject9link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक URL access date access-date accessdate The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink String वैकल्पिक Original year orig-year origyear Original year of publication; provide specifics String वैकल्पिक Last name of second editor editor-last2 editor-surname2 editor2 editor2-last editor2-surname The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of second editor editor-first2 editor-given2 editor2-first editor2-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for second editor editor-link2 editor2-link editorlink2 editor2link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for second editor editor-mask2 editormask2 editor2-mask editor2mask Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of third editor editor-last3 editor-surname3 editor3 editor3-last editor3-surname The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of third editor editor-first3 editor-given3 editor3-first editor3-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for third editor editor-link3 editor3-link editorlink3 editor3link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for third editor editor-mask3 editormask3 editor3-mask editor3mask Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of fourth editor editor-last4 editor-surname4 editor4 editor4-last editor4-surname The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of fourth editor editor-first4 editor-given4 editor4-first editor4-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for fourth editor editor-link4 editor4-link editorlink4 editor4link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for fourth editor editor-mask4 editormask4 editor4-mask editor4mask Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of fifth editor editor-last5 editor-surname5 editor5 editor5-last editor5-surname The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of fifth editor editor-first5 editor-given5 editor5-first editor5-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for fifth editor editor-link5 editor5-link editorlink5 editor5link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for fifth editor editor-mask5 editormask5 editor5-mask editor5mask Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of sixth editor editor-last6 editor-surname6 editor6 editor6-last editor6-surname The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of sixth editor editor-first6 editor-given6 editor6-first editor6-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for sixth editor editor-link6 editor6-link editorlink6 editor6link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for sixth editor editor-mask6 editormask6 editor6-mask editor6mask Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of seventh editor editor-last7 editor-surname7 editor7 editor7-last editor7-surname The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of seventh editor editor-first7 editor-given7 editor7-first editor7-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for seventh editor editor-link7 editor7-link editorlink7 editor7link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for seventh editor editor-mask7 editormask7 editor7-mask editor7mask Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of eighth editor editor-last8 editor-surname8 editor8 editor8-last editor8-surname The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of eighth editor editor-first8 editor-given8 editor8-first editor8-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for eighth editor editor-link8 editor8-link editorlink8 editor8link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for eighth editor editor-mask8 editormask8 editor8-mask editor8mask Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Last name of ninth editor editor-last9 editor-surname9 editor9 editor9-last editor9-surname The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' String वैकल्पिक First name of ninth editor editor-first9 editor-given9 editor9-first editor9-given Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link' String वैकल्पिक Link for ninth editor editor-link9 editor9-link editorlink9 editor9link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Mask for ninth editor editor-mask9 editormask9 editor9-mask editor9mask Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead String वैकल्पिक Display Editors display-editors displayeditors Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 2 translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 2 translator-first2 translator2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 3 translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 3 translator-first3 translator3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 4 translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 4 translator-first4 translator4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 5 translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 5 translator-first5 translator5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 6 translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 6 translator-first6 translator6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 7 translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 7 translator-first7 translator7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 8 translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 8 translator-first8 translator8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator last name 9 translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator first name 9 translator-first9 translator9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'. String वैकल्पिक Translator link translator-link translator-link1 translator1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator; can suffix with a numeral to add additional translators. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 2 translator-link2 translator2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 3 translator-link3 translator3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 4 translator-link4 translator4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 5 translator-link5 translator5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 6 translator-link6 translator6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 7 translator-link7 translator7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 8 translator-link8 translator8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Translator link 9 translator-link9 translator9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator. पृष्ठ नाम वैकल्पिक Chapter URL chapter-url chapterurl contribution-url section-url contributionurl sectionurl The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found String वैकल्पिक Format of Chapter URL chapter-format contribution-format section-format Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. उदाहरण PDF, DOC, or XLS String वैकल्पिक DOI broken date doi-broken-date doi_brokendate The date that the DOI was determined to be broken String वैकल्पिक URL access level url-access Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') String वैकल्पिक Archive URL archive-url archiveurl The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' String वैकल्पिक Archive Format archive-format Format of the Archive String वैकल्पिक Archive date archive-date archivedate Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink String वैकल्पिक URL status url-status If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. पूर्वनिर्धारित dead उदाहरण 'dead' or 'live' String वैकल्पिक Lay URL lay-url lay-summary laysummary layurl URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source String वैकल्पिक Lay source lay-source laysource Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash String वैकल्पिक Lay date lay-date laydate Date of the summary; displays in parentheses String वैकल्पिक Last author ampersand last-author-amp lastauthoramp When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space' String वैकल्पिक via via Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher. Typically used for Ebooks. उदाहरण Open Edition, JSTOR String वैकल्पिक Bibcode access level bibcode-access If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक DOI access level doi-access If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक HDL access level hdl-access If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक Jstor access level jstor-access If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक OpenLibrary access level ol-access If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक OSTI access level osti-access If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. String वैकल्पिक Issue issue number Issue number. This parameter is not supported by and should generally not be used with cite book. Consider that a different cite template may be more appropriate, such as cite magazine or cite journal. See Help:Citation_Style_1#Pages. String वैकल्पिक Coauthor coauthor Coauthor String बहिष्कृत Coauthors coauthors Coauthors String बहिष्कृत Authors list authors people host credits List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. String वैकल्पिक City of Publication city Where published String बहिष्कृत Agency agency Unusual in cite book. Use if an agency is needed in addition to publisher, etc. String वैकल्पिक Department department Unusual in cite book. अज्ञात वैकल्पिक Date format df Sets rendered dates to the specified format String वैकल्पिक