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Documents authored by Cranefield, Stephen

Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.33
Normative Reasoning and Consequence

Authors: Jan Broersen, Stephen Cranefield, Yehia Elrakaiby, Dov Gabbay, Davide Grossi, Emiliano Lorini, Xavier Parent, Leendert W. N. van der Torre, Luca Tummolini, Paolo Turrini, and François Schwarzentruber

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2013)

Abstract
In this chapter, we first provide a general introduction to the research area methodology and relevance, then we discuss normative reasoning for multiagent systems, and finally we discuss current research challenges. We cover the main issues in modern deontic logic, which is much broader than the traditional modal logic framework of deontic logic, with an emphasis to our in- tended audience. To emphasize this broadness, we typically refer to "deontic logic and normative systems" rather than deontic logic only.
Cite as

Jan Broersen, Stephen Cranefield, Yehia Elrakaiby, Dov Gabbay, Davide Grossi, Emiliano Lorini, Xavier Parent, Leendert W. N. van der Torre, Luca Tummolini, Paolo Turrini, and François Schwarzentruber. Normative Reasoning and Consequence. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, pp. 33-70, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InCollection{broersen_et_al:DFU.Vol4.12111.33,
  author =	{Broersen, Jan and Cranefield, Stephen and Elrakaiby, Yehia and Gabbay, Dov and Grossi, Davide and Lorini, Emiliano and Parent, Xavier and van der Torre, Leendert W. N. and Tummolini, Luca and Turrini, Paolo and Schwarzentruber, Fran\c{c}ois},
  title =	{{Normative Reasoning and Consequence}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{33--70},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-51-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Governatori, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and van der Torre, Leendert W. N.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.33},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-39994},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.33},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, MAS}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.171
Simulation and NorMAS

Authors: Tina Balke, Stephen Cranefield, Gennaro Di Tosto, Samhar Mahmoud, Mario Paolucci, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu, and Harko Verhagen

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2013)

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss state of the art and future perspective of the study of norms with simulative methodologies, in particular employing agent-based simulation. After presenting the state of the art and framing the simulative research on norms in a norm life-cycle schema, we list those research challenges that we feel more apt to be tackled by the simulative approach. We conclude the chapter with the indications for the realization of a NorMAS simulation platform, illustrated by selected scenarios.
Cite as

Tina Balke, Stephen Cranefield, Gennaro Di Tosto, Samhar Mahmoud, Mario Paolucci, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu, and Harko Verhagen. Simulation and NorMAS. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, pp. 171-189, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InCollection{balke_et_al:DFU.Vol4.12111.171,
  author =	{Balke, Tina and Cranefield, Stephen and Di Tosto, Gennaro and Mahmoud, Samhar and Paolucci, Mario and Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy and Verhagen, Harko},
  title =	{{Simulation and NorMAS}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{171--189},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-51-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Governatori, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and van der Torre, Leendert W. N.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.171},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-40030},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.171},
  annote =	{Keywords: Simulation, Norms, MAS}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.191
The Uses of Norms

Authors: Munindar P. Singh, Matthew Arrott, Tina Balke, Amit K. Chopra, Rob Christiaanse, Stephen Cranefield, Frank Dignum, Davide Eynard, Emilia Farcas, Nicoletta Fornara, Fabien Gandon, Guido Governatori, Hoa Khanh Dam, Joris Hulstijn, Ingolf Krueger, Ho-Pun Lam, Michael Meisinger, Pablo Noriega, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu, Kartik Tadanki, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata

Published in: Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2013)

Abstract
This chapter presents a variety of applications of norms. These applications include governance in sociotechnical systems, data licensing and data collection, understanding software development teams, requirements engineering, assurance, natural resource allocation, wireless grids, autonomous vehicles, serious games, and virtual worlds.
Cite as

Munindar P. Singh, Matthew Arrott, Tina Balke, Amit K. Chopra, Rob Christiaanse, Stephen Cranefield, Frank Dignum, Davide Eynard, Emilia Farcas, Nicoletta Fornara, Fabien Gandon, Guido Governatori, Hoa Khanh Dam, Joris Hulstijn, Ingolf Krueger, Ho-Pun Lam, Michael Meisinger, Pablo Noriega, Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu, Kartik Tadanki, Harko Verhagen, and Serena Villata. The Uses of Norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Follow-Ups, Volume 4, pp. 191-229, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InCollection{singh_et_al:DFU.Vol4.12111.191,
  author =	{Singh, Munindar P. and Arrott, Matthew and Balke, Tina and Chopra, Amit K. and Christiaanse, Rob and Cranefield, Stephen and Dignum, Frank and Eynard, Davide and Farcas, Emilia and Fornara, Nicoletta and Gandon, Fabien and Governatori, Guido and Khanh Dam, Hoa and Hulstijn, Joris and Krueger, Ingolf and Lam, Ho-Pun and Meisinger, Michael and Noriega, Pablo and Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy and Tadanki, Kartik and Verhagen, Harko and Villata, Serena},
  title =	{{The Uses of Norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{191--229},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Follow-Ups},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-51-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8977},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{4},
  editor =	{Andrighetto, Giulia and Governatori, Guido and Noriega, Pablo and van der Torre, Leendert W. N.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.191},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-40047},
  doi =		{10.4230/DFU.Vol4.12111.191},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, MAS, Governance, Requirements engineering}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3
A categorization of simulation works on norms

Authors: Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract
In multi-agent systems, software agents are modelled to possess characteristics and behaviour borrowed from human societies. Norms are expectations of behaviours of the agents in a society. Norms can be established in a society in different ways. In human societies, there are several types of norms such as moral norms, social norms and legal norms (laws). In artificial agent societies, the designers can impose these norms on the agents. Being autonomous, agents might not always follow the norms. Monitoring and controlling mechanisms should be in place to enforce norms. As the agents are autonomous, they themselves can evolve new norms while adapting to changing needs. In order to design and develop robust artificial agent societies, it is important to understand different approaches proposed by researchers by which norms can spread and emerge within agent societies. This paper makes two contributions to the study of norms. Firstly, based on the simulation works on norms, we propose a life-cycle model for norms. Secondly, we discuss different mechanisms used by researchers to study norm creation, spreading, enforcement and emergence.
Cite as

Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu and Stephen Cranefield. A categorization of simulation works on norms. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{savarimuthu_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.3,
  author =	{Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy and Cranefield, Stephen},
  title =	{{A categorization of simulation works on norms}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--20},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19057},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.3},
  annote =	{Keywords: Norms, creation, spreading, enforcement, emergence}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20
Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life

Authors: Stephen Cranefield and Guannan Li

Published in: Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, Normative Multi-Agent Systems (2009)

Abstract
Online virtual worlds such as Second Life provide a rich medium for unstructured human interaction in a shared simulated 3D environment. However, many human interactions take place in a structured social context where participants play particular roles and are subject to expectations governing their behaviour, and current virtual worlds do not provide any support for this type of interaction. There is therefore an opportunity to adapt the tools developed in the MAS community for structured social interactions between software agents (inspired by human society) and adapt these for use with the computer-mediated human communication provided by virtual worlds. This paper describes the application of one such tool for use with Second Life. A model checker for online monitoring of social expectations defined in temporal logic has been integrated with Second Life, allowing users to be notified when their expectations of others have been fulfilled or violated. Avatar actions in the virtual world are detected by a script, encoded as propositions and sent to the model checker, along with the social expectation rules to be monitored. Notifications of expectation fulfilment and violation are returned to the script to be displayed to the user. This utility of this tool is reliant on the ability of the Linden scripting language (LSL) to detect events of significance in the application domain, and a discussion is presented on how a range of monitored structured social scenarios could be realised despite the limitations of LSL.
Cite as

Stephen Cranefield and Guannan Li. Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life. In Normative Multi-Agent Systems. Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings, Volume 9121, pp. 1-12, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2009)

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@InProceedings{cranefield_et_al:DagSemProc.09121.20,
  author =	{Cranefield, Stephen and Li, Guannan},
  title =	{{Monitoring Social Expectations in Second Life}},
  booktitle =	{Normative Multi-Agent Systems},
  pages =	{1--12},
  series =	{Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings (DagSemProc)},
  ISSN =	{1862-4405},
  year =	{2009},
  volume =	{9121},
  editor =	{Guido Boella and Pablo Noriega and Gabriella Pigozzi and Harko Verhagen},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-19068},
  doi =		{10.4230/DagSemProc.09121.20},
  annote =	{Keywords: Virtual worlds, Second Life, social expectations}
}
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