Punica protopunica Balf., the Forgotten Sister of the Common Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Features and Medicinal Properties—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Taxonomic Positioning and Distribution
2.2. Morphology
2.3. Cultivation
2.4. Vulnerability and Conservation of the Species
2.5. Relationship between P. protopunica Balf., and P. granatum L.
2.6. Uses in Traditional Medicine
2.7. Bioactive Compounds of Pomegranate and Their Medicinal Properties
2.7.1. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity
2.7.2. Antimicrobial, Antiviral and Antiprotozoal Activity
2.7.3. Anticancer Activity
2.7.4. Cytotoxicity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Search Criteria
4.2. Data Extraction
5. Conclusions
6. Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | Denomination | Common Name |
---|---|---|
Order | Myrtales | - |
Family | Lythraceae | Loosestrife |
Subfamily | Punicoideae | - |
Genera | Punica | Pomegranate |
Species | Punica protopunica | Wild pomegranate, Socotra pomegranate |
Punica protopunica Balf. | Morphological Characteristics |
---|---|
General habit | The tree can reach a height of 2.5 to 4.5 m. It is considered a small tree or shrub, but if it reaches more than 9.14 m it can be classified as a tree, that is, it can be considered as both main forms. There are trees that are wider than they are tall (for example, trees that grow on the slopes rocks of Socotra) and trees taller than they are wide (typical of trees growing on the Socotra limestone plateau.) Generally, the tree is equal in width to height, with an upright shrub appearance. |
Bark, branches and trunk | The bark is reddish-brown when the tree is young, but changes to a grayish hue as it grows older. The branches have thorns. |
Leaves | The leaves grow to a length of 3 cm, in pairs on the opposite sides of the stalk, they are perennial, their most common shape is elliptical or oblong, although there are also circular or oval and obovate leaves (a single branch can have leaves of all the shapes described). Its color is dark green, with a bright tone. |
Flowers | The flowers have obovate or oval petals, although they are sometimes heart-shaped. Its color is light pink with glitter and its shape is “trumpet”. Flowering occurs from December until the summer of the following year. Their physiology allows them to produce fertilization and pollination. It is a self-crossing species. |
Fruits | The shape of the fruits is almost identical to that of modified tangelos (Citrus x tangelo). They retain their floral chalice tube. The peel is hard and its color when ripe is light green to greenish yellow and may or may not contain pink reflections. Inside they present a spongy pericarp with membranes (endocarp) that separate the arils into compartments. In turn, each aril contains a membrane, pulp juice and a seed. |
Seeds | The seeds are inside the arils and there are hundreds of them, they are relatively light. |
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Guerrero-Solano, J.A.; Jaramillo-Morales, O.A.; Jiménez-Cabrera, T.; Urrutia-Hernández, T.A.; Chehue-Romero, A.; Olvera-Hernández, E.G.; Bautista, M. Punica protopunica Balf., the Forgotten Sister of the Common Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Features and Medicinal Properties—A Review. Plants 2020, 9, 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091214
Guerrero-Solano JA, Jaramillo-Morales OA, Jiménez-Cabrera T, Urrutia-Hernández TA, Chehue-Romero A, Olvera-Hernández EG, Bautista M. Punica protopunica Balf., the Forgotten Sister of the Common Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Features and Medicinal Properties—A Review. Plants. 2020; 9(9):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091214
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuerrero-Solano, José Antonio, Osmar Antonio Jaramillo-Morales, Tania Jiménez-Cabrera, Thania Alejandra Urrutia-Hernández, Alejandro Chehue-Romero, Elena G. Olvera-Hernández, and Mirandeli Bautista. 2020. "Punica protopunica Balf., the Forgotten Sister of the Common Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Features and Medicinal Properties—A Review" Plants 9, no. 9: 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091214
APA StyleGuerrero-Solano, J. A., Jaramillo-Morales, O. A., Jiménez-Cabrera, T., Urrutia-Hernández, T. A., Chehue-Romero, A., Olvera-Hernández, E. G., & Bautista, M. (2020). Punica protopunica Balf., the Forgotten Sister of the Common Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Features and Medicinal Properties—A Review. Plants, 9(9), 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091214