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Volume 26
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10.3390/ijms26041560
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Multi-Omics Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis Elucidates Therapeutic Mechanisms of Guhong Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke

by
Pingting Mao
,
Jianhua Hu
,
Xi Mai
*,
Na Li
,
Yijing Liao
,
Lihua Feng
and
Qinghong Long
School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041560
Submission received: 14 January 2025 / Revised: 1 February 2025 / Accepted: 4 February 2025 / Published: 12 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Neurobiology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Abstract: Guhong injection (GH) is a compound preparation widely utilized in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota is implicated in the development of ischemic stroke (IS). However, although the therapeutic potential of GH in IS may be mediated through the gut microbiota, the intricate relationships among the gut–brain axis, biomarkers, and target proteins remain to be completely explained. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was utilized to investigate the impact of GH on IS. Our 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that GH markedly enhanced the α-diversity of the intestinal microbiome and rectified the imbalance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metabolomic analysis indicated that GH reversed 45 biomarkers and 6 disordered metabolic pathways in MCAO rats. Among these, the metabolic pathways of arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, fructose, and mannose were closely associated with gut microbiota comprising Lactobacillus modulated by GH. Furthermore, IS-related signaling pathways, including inflammation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, were significantly associated with three gut microbial species influenced by GH. The potential efficacy of GH in the context of IS is mediated through multiple pathways, involving the gut microbiota, SCFAs, biomarkers, and target proteins. This process partly relies on the gut–brain axis.
Keywords: Guhong injection; ischemic stroke; gut microbiota; metabolomics; network pharmacology; gut–brain axis Guhong injection; ischemic stroke; gut microbiota; metabolomics; network pharmacology; gut–brain axis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mao, P.; Hu, J.; Mai, X.; Li, N.; Liao, Y.; Feng, L.; Long, Q. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis Elucidates Therapeutic Mechanisms of Guhong Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041560

AMA Style

Mao P, Hu J, Mai X, Li N, Liao Y, Feng L, Long Q. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis Elucidates Therapeutic Mechanisms of Guhong Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(4):1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041560

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mao, Pingting, Jianhua Hu, Xi Mai, Na Li, Yijing Liao, Lihua Feng, and Qinghong Long. 2025. "Multi-Omics Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis Elucidates Therapeutic Mechanisms of Guhong Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 4: 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041560

APA Style

Mao, P., Hu, J., Mai, X., Li, N., Liao, Y., Feng, L., & Long, Q. (2025). Multi-Omics Analysis of the Gut-Brain Axis Elucidates Therapeutic Mechanisms of Guhong Injection in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(4), 1560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041560

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