Could Tierless Languages Reduce IoT Development Grief?
Authors: 
Mart Lubbers, Pieter Koopman, Adrian Ramsingh, 
Jeremy Singer, 
Phil TrinderAuthors Info & Claims
Mart Lubbers, Pieter Koopman, Adrian Ramsingh, Jeremy Singer, Phil TrinderAuthors Info & ClaimsArticle No.: 6, Pages 1 - 35
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) software is notoriously complex, conventionally comprising multiple tiers. Traditionally an IoT developer must use multiple programming languages and ensure that the components interoperate correctly. A novel alternative is to use a single tierless language with a compiler that generates the code for each component and ensures their correct interoperation.
We report a systematic comparative evaluation of two tierless language technologies for IoT stacks: one for resource-rich sensor nodes (Clean with iTask) and one for resource-constrained sensor nodes (Clean with iTask and mTask). The evaluation is based on four implementations of a typical smart campus application: two tierless and two Python-based tiered.
(1) We show that tierless languages have the potential to significantly reduce the development effort for IoT systems, requiring 70% less code than the tiered implementations. Careful analysis attributes this code reduction to reduced interoperation (e.g., two embedded domain-specific languages and one paradigm versus seven languages and two paradigms), automatically generated distributed communication, and powerful IoT programming abstractions. (2) We show that tierless languages have the potential to significantly improve the reliability of IoT systems, describing how Clean iTask/mTask maintains type safety, provides higher-order failure management, and simplifies maintainability. (3) We report the first comparison of a tierless IoT codebase for resource-rich sensor nodes with one for resource-constrained sensor nodes. The comparison shows that they have similar code size (within 7%), and functional structure. (4) We present the first comparison of two tierless IoT languages, one for resource-rich sensor nodes and the other for resource-constrained sensor nodes.
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February 2023
226 pages
EISSN:2577-6207
DOI:10.1145/3582892
- Editors:
- Schahram Dustdar,
- Gian Pietro Picco
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Published: 23 February 2023
Online AM: 30 November 2022
Accepted: 23 October 2022
Revised: 25 July 2022
Received: 30 September 2021
Published in TIOT Volume 4, Issue 1
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