skip to main content
10.1145/2983323.2983826acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescikmConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Growing Graphs from Hyperedge Replacement Graph Grammars

Published: 24 October 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Discovering the underlying structures present in large real world graphs is a fundamental scientific problem. In this paper we show that a graph's clique tree can be used to extract a hyperedge replacement grammar. If we store an ordering from the extraction process, the extracted graph grammar is guaranteed to generate an isomorphic copy of the original graph. Or, a stochastic application of the graph grammar rules can be used to quickly create random graphs. In experiments on large real world networks, we show that random graphs, generated from extracted graph grammars, exhibit a wide range of properties that are very similar to the original graphs. In addition to graph properties like degree or eigenvector centrality, what a graph ``looks like'' ultimately depends on small details in local graph substructures that are difficult to define at a global level. We show that our generative graph model is able to preserve these local substructures when generating new graphs and performs well on new and difficult tests of model robustness.

References

[1]
S. Aguinaga and T. Weninger. The infinity mirror test for analyzing the robustness of graph generators. In ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Mining and Learning with Graphs, MLG '16, New York, NY, USA, 2016. ACM.
[2]
S. Arnborg, D. G. Corneil, and A. Proskurowski. Complexity of finding embeddings in a k-tree. SIAM Journal on Algebraic Discrete Methods, 8(2):277--284, 1987.
[3]
L. Backstrom, D. Huttenlocher, J. Kleinberg, and X. Lan. Group formation in large social networks: membership, growth, and evolution. In SIGKDD, pages 44--54. ACM, 2006.
[4]
A.-L. Barabási and R. Albert. Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science, 286(5439):509--512, 1999.
[5]
C. Canestro, H. Yokoi, and J. H. Postlethwait. Evolutionary developmental biology and genomics. Nat. Rev. Genet., 8(12):932--942, Dec 2007.
[6]
F. Chung and L. Lu. Connected components in random graphs with given expected degree sequences. Annals of Combinatorics, 6(2):125--145, 2002.
[7]
F. Drewes, B. Hoffmann, and D. Plump. Hierarchical graph transformation. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 64(2):249--283, 2002.
[8]
S. Geman and M. Johnson. Dynamic programming for parsing and estimation of stochastic unification-based grammars. In ACL, pages 279--286, 2002.
[9]
H. S. Heaps. Information retrieval: Computational and theoretical aspects. Academic Press, Inc., 1978.
[10]
D. R. Hunter, M. S. Handcock, C. T. Butts, S. M. Goodreau, and M. Morris. ergm: A package to fit, simulate and diagnose exponential-family models for networks. J. Stat. Softw., 24(3), May 2008.
[11]
C. Kemp and J. B. Tenenbaum. The discovery of structural form. PNAS, 105(31):10687--10692, 2008.
[12]
D. Koller and N. Friedman. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques. MIT Press, 2009.
[13]
J. P. Kukluk, L. B. Holder, and D. J. Cook. Inference of node replacement recursive graph grammars. In SDM, pages 544--548. SIAM, 2006.
[14]
J. P. Kukluk, L. B. Holder, and D. J. Cook. Inference of edge replacement graph grammars. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 17(03):539--554, 2008.
[15]
J. Leskovec, D. Chakrabarti, J. Kleinberg, C. Faloutsos, and Z. Ghahramani. Kronecker graphs: An approach to modeling networks. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 11:985--1042, feb 2010.
[16]
J. Leskovec and C. Faloutsos. Sampling from large graphs. In SIGKDD, pages 631--636. ACM, 2006.
[17]
J. Leskovec, J. Kleinberg, and C. Faloutsos. Graphs over time: densification laws, shrinking diameters and possible explanations. In SIGKDD, pages 177--187. ACM, 2005.
[18]
J. Leskovec, J. Kleinberg, and C. Faloutsos. Graph evolution: Densification and shrinking diameters. ACM Trans. Knowl. Discov. Data, 1(1), Mar. 2007.
[19]
N. Pruljž. Biological network comparison using graphlet degree distribution. Bioinformatics, 23(2):e177--e183, 2007.
[20]
G. Robins, P. Pattison, Y. Kalish, and D. Lusher. An introduction to exponential random graph (p*) models for social networks. Social Networks, 29(2):173--191, 2007.
[21]
D. E. Sadava. Life: The science of biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 2014. ID: 811239088.
[22]
S. H. Strogatz. Exploring complex networks. Nature, 410(6825):268--276, 2001.
[23]
R. E. Tarjan and M. Yannakakis. Addendum: Simple linear-time algorithms to test chordality of graphs, test acyclicity of hypergraphs, and selectively reduce acyclic hypergraphs. SIAM Journal on Computing, 14(1):254--255, 1985.
[24]
J. Ugander, L. Backstrom, and J. Kleinberg. Subgraph frequencies: Mapping the empirical and extremal geography of large graph collections. In WWW, pages 1307--1318, 2013.
[25]
Ö. N. Yaveroğlu, T. Milenković, and N. Pržulj. Proper evaluation of alignment-free network comparison methods. Bioinformatics, 31(16):2697--2704, 2015.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CIKM '16: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
October 2016
2566 pages
ISBN:9781450340731
DOI:10.1145/2983323
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 24 October 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. graph generation
  2. graph mining
  3. hyperedge replacement grammar

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

Conference

CIKM'16
Sponsor:
CIKM'16: ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
October 24 - 28, 2016
Indiana, Indianapolis, USA

Acceptance Rates

CIKM '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 160 of 701 submissions, 23%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 1,861 of 8,427 submissions, 22%

Upcoming Conference

CIKM '25

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)8
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 24 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media