skip to main content
10.1145/2750858.2807515acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesubicompConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Low-power pervasive wi-fi connectivity using WiScan

Published: 07 September 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Pervasive Wi-Fi connectivity is attractive for users in places not covered by cellular services (e.g., when traveling abroad). However, the power drain of frequent Wi-Fi scans undermines the device's battery life, preventing users from staying always connected and fetching synced emails and instant message notifications (e.g., WhatsApp). We study the energy overhead of scan and roaming in detail and refer to it as the scan tax problem. Our findings show that the main processor is the primary culprit of the energy overhead. We propose a simple and effective architectural change of offloading scans to the Wi-Fi radio. We design and build WiScan to fully exploit the gain of scan offloading. Our experiments demonstrate that WiScan achieves 90%+ of the maximal connectivity, while saving 50-62% energy for seeking connectivity.

References

[1]
http://crawdad.org/uiuc/uim/.
[2]
http://crawdad.org/cmu/hotspot/.
[3]
http://www.cablelabs.com/carrier-grade-wi-fi-keeps-pace-with-wi-fi-network-growth-how-cablelabs-is-contributing/.
[4]
http://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/story/confirmed-hotspot-20-comcasts-roadmap-its-xfinity-wi-fi-network/2014-04-11.
[5]
802.11ai. http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgai_update.htm.
[6]
Android Kit-Kat 4.4. http://www.android.com/versions/kit-kat-4-4/.
[7]
CRAWDAD. http://crawdad.cs.dartmouth.edu/.
[8]
FreedomPop. http://www.freedompop.com/.
[9]
Google Activity Inference. http://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/location/ActivityRecognitionClient.html.
[10]
Google Geocoding API. https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/.
[11]
IFIXIT.com. http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/.
[12]
Jiwire. http://www.jiwire.com/.
[13]
LinkNYC. http://www.link.nyc/.
[14]
Marvell Avastar 88W8787. http://www.marvell.com/wireless/avastar/88W8787/.
[15]
Microsoft Wi-Fi. https://www.microsoftwifi.com/.
[16]
Monsoon Solutions Inc. http://www.msoon.com/.
[17]
NLO in Windows. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/hh440295(v=VS.85).aspx.
[18]
Project Fi. https://fi.google.com/about/.
[19]
Qualcomm Atheros AR6003. http://www.qca.qualcomm.com/technology/technology.php?nav1=47&product=67.
[20]
Republic Wireless. https://republicwireless.com/.
[21]
San Francisco WiFi. http://www6.sfgov.org/index.aspx?page=246.
[22]
wefi. http://www.wefi.com/.
[23]
Wireless Minneapolis. http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/wireless/.
[24]
The future of hotspots: Making Wi-Fi as secure and easy to use as cellular. White paper, Cisco, 2011.
[25]
The Era of Ubiquitous Listening Dawns. MIT Tech Review, 2013.
[26]
What Apples M7 Motion-Sensing Chip Could Do. MIT Tech Review, 2013.
[27]
Boston spreads free Wi-Fi hotspots. The Boston Globe, 2014.
[28]
When wireless worlds collide. The Economist, 2014.
[29]
Green light for 'TV white space' wireless technology. Ofcom for Consumers, 2015.
[30]
Microsoft Starts Slashing African Internet Prices with White-Space Networks. MIT Tech Review, 2015.
[31]
Agarwal, Y., et al. Somniloquy: augmenting network interfaces to reduce PC energy usage. In Proc. of NSDI (2009).
[32]
Alvarez-Lozano, J., García-Macías, J. A., and Chávez, E. Learning and user adaptation in location forecasting. In Proc. of UbiComp (2013).
[33]
Ananthanarayanan, G., and Stoica, I. Blue-Fi: Enhancing Wi-Fi performance using Bluetooth signals. In Proc. of MobiSys (2009).
[34]
Anton, B., Bullock, B., and Short, J. Best current practices for wireless internet service provider (WISP) roaming, version 1.0. Wi-Fi Alliance (2003).
[35]
Bahl, P., and Padmanabhan, V. RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system. In Proc. of INFOCOM (2000).
[36]
Bertram, J. E. A., et al. Multiple walking speedfrequency relations are predicted by constrained optimization. Journal of Theoretical Biology (2001), 445--453.
[37]
Chen, Y., et al. FM-based indoor localization. In Proc. of MobiSys (2012).
[38]
Christensen, K. J., et al. The next frontier for communications networks: power management. Computer Communications 27, 18 (2004), 1758--1770.
[39]
Currid, A. TCP offload to the rescue. Queue 2 (May 2004), 58--65.
[40]
Deshpande, P., et al. Predictive methods for improved vehicular WiFi access. In Proc. of MobiSys (2009).
[41]
Dogar, F. R., Steenkiste, P., and Papagiannaki, K. Catnap: exploiting high bandwidth wireless interfaces to save energy for mobile devices. In Proc. of MobiSys (2010).
[42]
Garcia-Saavedra, A., et al. Energy consumption anatomy of 802.11 devices and its implication on modeling and design. In Proc. of CoNEXT (2012).
[43]
Kim, K.-H., et al. Improving energy efficiency of Wi-Fi sensing on smartphones. In Proc. of INFOCOM (2011).
[44]
Koehler, C., Banovic, N., Oakley, I., Mankoff, J., and Dey, A. K. Indoor-alps: an adaptive indoor location prediction system. In Proc. of UbiComp (2014).
[45]
Liu, H., Darabi, H., Banerjee, P., and Liu, J. Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on 37, 6 (2007), 1067--1080.
[46]
Liu, J., et al. Energy efficient GPS sensing with cloud offloading. In Proc. of SenSys (2012).
[47]
Liu, J., and Zhong, L. Micro power management of active 802.11 interfaces. In Proc. of MobiSys (2008).
[48]
Long, L. L., and Srinivasan, M. Walking, running, and resting under time, distance, and average speed constraints: optimality of walk-run-rest mixtures. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, 81 (2013).
[49]
Megiddo, N., and Modha, D. ARC: A self-tuning, low overhead replacement cache. In Proc. of FAST (2003).
[50]
Navda, V., et al. MobiSteer: Using steerable beam directional antenna for vehicular network access. In Proc. of MobiSys (2007).
[51]
Nicholson, A. J., and Noble, B. D. BreadCrumbs: forecasting mobile connectivity. In Proc. of MobiCom (2008).
[52]
Otsason, V., Varshavsky, A., LaMarca, A., and De Lara, E. Accurate GSM indoor localization. In Proc. of UbiComp. 2005.
[53]
Patterson, D. J., Liao, L., Fox, D., and Kautz, H. Inferring high-level behavior from low-level sensors. In Proc. of UbiComp (2003).
[54]
Popleteev, A. Device-free indoor localization using ambient radio signals. In Proc. of UbiComp (2013).
[55]
Ra, M.-R., et al. Improving energy efficiency of personal sensing applications with heterogeneous multi-processors. In Proc. of UbiComp (2012).
[56]
Rabaey, J. M., Ammer, M. J., da Silva Jr, J. L., Patel, D., and Roundy, S. Picoradio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking. Computer 33, 7 (2000), 42--48.
[57]
Rozner, E., et al. NAPman: network-assisted power management for WiFi devices. In Proc. of MobiSys (2010).
[58]
Scellato, S., et al. NextPlace: A spatio-temporal prediction framework for pervasive systems. In In Proc. of Pervasive (2011).
[59]
von Nagy, A. Wi-Fi alliance rebrands Hotspot 2.0 as Wi-Fi certified passpoint. http://www.revolutionwifi.net/2012/05/wi-fi-alliance-rebrands-hotspot-20-as.html, 2012.
[60]
Wu, H., et al. Footprint: Cellular assisted Wi-Fi AP discovery on mobile phones for energy saving. In Proc. of WINTECH (2009).
[61]
Xie, H., Gu, T., Tao, X., Ye, H., and Lv, J. Maloc: a practical magnetic fingerprinting approach to indoor localization using smartphones. In Proc. of UbiComp (2014).
[62]
Zhang, X., and Shin, K. G. E-MiLi: energy-minimizing idle listening in wireless networks. In Proc. of MobiCom (2011).
[63]
Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Chen, Y., Xie, X., and Ma, W.-Y. Understanding mobility based on GPS data. In Proc. of UbiComp (2008).
[64]
Zhou, R., et al. ZiFi: Wireless LAN discovery via ZigBee interference signatures. In Proc. of MobiCom (2010).

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. Low-power pervasive wi-fi connectivity using WiScan

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    UbiComp '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing
    September 2015
    1302 pages
    ISBN:9781450335744
    DOI:10.1145/2750858
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 07 September 2015

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. energy efficiency
    2. wi-fi connectivity
    3. wi-fi scans

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    UbiComp '15
    Sponsor:
    • Yahoo! Japan
    • SIGMOBILE
    • FX Palo Alto Laboratory, Inc.
    • ACM
    • Rakuten Institute of Technology
    • Microsoft
    • Bell Labs
    • SIGCHI
    • Panasonic
    • Telefónica
    • ISTC-PC

    Acceptance Rates

    UbiComp '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 101 of 394 submissions, 26%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 764 of 2,912 submissions, 26%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)5
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
    Reflects downloads up to 03 Jan 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media