research-article

APE: an annotation language and middleware for energy-efficient mobile application development

Authors:

Nima Nikzad,

Octav Chipara,

William G. GriswoldAuthors Info & Claims

ICSE 2014: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering

Pages 515 - 526

https://doi.org/10.1145/2568225.2568288

Published: 31 May 2014 Publication History

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Abstract

Energy-efficiency is a key concern in continuously-running mobile applications, such as those for health and context monitoring. Unfortunately, developers must implement complex and customized power-management policies for each application. This involves the use of complex primitives and writing error-prone multithreaded code to monitor hardware state. To address this problem, we present APE, an annotation language and middleware service that eases the development of energy-efficient Android applications. APE annotations are used to demarcate a power-hungry code segment whose execution is deferred until the device enters a state that minimizes the cost of that operation. The execution of power-hungry operations is coordinated across applications by the APE middleware. Several examples show the expressive power of our approach. A case study of using APE annotations in a real mobile sensing application shows that annotations can cleanly specify a power management policy and reduce the complexity of its implementation. An empirical evaluation of the middleware shows that APE introduces negligible overhead and equals hand-tuned code in energy savings, in this case achieving 63.4% energy savings compared to the case when there is no coordination.

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Index Terms

APE: an annotation language and middleware for energy-efficient mobile application development
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Designing software
      1. Software implementation planning
        Software design techniques
    2. Software development process management
  2. Software notations and tools
    1. General programming languages
      1. Language features

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Reviews

Reviewer: L F. Pau

This conference paper takes the view that by adding declarative annotations and middleware components to an Android software development platform, energy savings can be achieved in embedded deployed applications. The annotation highlights power-hungry code segments whose execution gets deferred. The envisaged application is mostly in mobile health platforms. The paper provides an abstract model of the approach based on time-lapse automata, nothing particularly new. Policy examples, expressed as Java annotations, are described in the context of set power management systems (especially the CitiSense case). The paper is rather theoretical and largely devoted to the specification of the annotation primitives. The runtime is made up of a client library and a lightweight middleware service communicating by remote procedure calls (RPCs). The related overhead is evaluated in the context of one case. The relative contributions of the preexisting power management system and the added annotation are not clear. This approach may serve as a first cut in energy-critical applications, but does not allow for fine-tuning with regards to the power management system itself or the application code. For energy critical performance, optimization at the compiler level with relevant energy consumption attributes is much more efficient because of the scheduling that takes place in the compiler. Online Computing Reviews Service

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ICSE 2014: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering

May 2014

1139 pages

ISBN:9781450327565

DOI:10.1145/2568225

General Chair:
Pankaj Jalote
IIIT-Delhi, India
,
Program Chairs:
Lionel Briand
University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
,
André van der Hoek
University of California, Irvine, USA

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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Published: 31 May 2014

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ICSE '14: 36th International Conference on Software Engineering

May 31 - June 7, 2014

Hyderabad, India

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