skip to main content
10.1145/2317956.2318064acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdisConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

The final TimeWarp: using form and content to support player experience and presence when designing location-aware mobile augmented reality games

Published: 11 June 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Designing Augmented Reality location aware games requires an understanding of how form and content issues impact on presence. A study of 60 players was conducted using questionnaires, video analysis and interviews. The results indicate that content including: moral dilemmas, strong narratives, using real locations effectively and applying simple physical behavior within virtual characters to improve embodiment have a positive impact on player experience. The results are presented in the form of guidelines.

References

[1]
Bailenson, J. N., Blascovich, J., Beall, A. C., Loomis J. Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments. 2001. p. 583--598.
[2]
Ballagas, R., Kuntze, A., Walz, S. P. Gaming Tourism: Lessons from Evaluating REXplorer, a Pervasive Game for Tourists in Pervasive Computing. 2008. Sydney, Australia.
[3]
Benyon, D., Smyth, M, O'Neill, S., McCall, R., Carroll, F. The place probe: exploring a sense of place in real and virtual environments. 2006, MIT Press. p. 668--687.
[4]
Bier, E., A., Stone, M., Pier, K., Buxton, W., DeRose, T. Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface, in Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques. 1993, ACM: Anaheim, CA.
[5]
Biocca, F. Can we resolve the book, the physical reality, and the dream state problems? From the two-pole to a three-pole model of shifts in presence. in EU Future and Emerging Technologies Presence Technolgies Meeting. 2003. Venice.
[6]
Broll, W., Herling, J. and Blum, L. Interactive Bits: Prototyping of Mixed Reality Applications and Interaction Techniques through Visual Programming. 3DUI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA. 2008
[7]
Cameron, L. & Ulmer, D., The Geocaching Handbook, Globe Pequot Press, 2004
[8]
Carrigy, T., Naliuka, K., Paterson, N. and Haahr, M. Design and evaluation of player experience of a location-based mobile game. NordiCHI '10 Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries. ACM New York, NY, USA. 2010
[9]
Cheok, A. D., Goh, K. H., Liu, W., Farbiz, F., Fong, S. W., Teo, S. L., Li, Y., Yang, X., Human Pacman: A mobile, wide-area entertainment system based on physical, social, and ubiquitous computing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2004. 8(2): p. 71--81.
[10]
Coleridge, S. T., ed. Biographia Literaria. ed. J. Shawcross. Vol. 2. 1907, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[11]
Crawford, C., The Art of Computer Game Design. 1982.
[12]
Davis, S. B., Moar, M., Jacobs, R., Watkins, M., Shackford, R., Capra, M., Oppermann, L. Mapping Inside Out, in Pervasive Gaming Applications - A Reader for Pervasive Gaming Research, C. Magerkurth and C. Röcker, Editors. 2007, Shaker.
[13]
Herbst, I., Braun, A. K., McCall, R., Broll, W. TimeWarp: interactive time travel with a mobile Mixed Reality game. In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services. 2008.
[14]
Lombard, M., Ditton, T., At the Heart of It All: The Concept of Presence. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 1997. 3(2).
[15]
McCloud, S., Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. Tundra Publishing. 1993. p. 50--67
[16]
O'Hara, K., Understanding Geocaching Practices and Motivations, CHI, Florence, Italy 2008
[17]
Ohlenburg, J., Herbst, I., Lindt, I., Fröhlich, T. and Broll, W. The MORGAN framework: enabling dynamic multi-user AR and VR projects. VRST '04 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology. ACM New York, NY, USA. 2004
[18]
Reid, J. Design for coincidence: incorporating real world artifacts in location based games. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts (DIMEA '08). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 18--25. 2008.
[19]
Reid, J., Cater, K., Fleuriot, C., and Hull, R., Experience Design Guidelines for Creating Situated Mediascapes, 20-Jan-2012. {Online} {verified 11.04.2012} http://goo.gl/Leb6z.
[20]
Slater, M., A note on presence terminology. Presence Connect 3:3. 2003.
[21]
Thomas, B., Close, B., Donoghue, J., Squires, J., Bondi, P. D., Morris, M., Piekarski, W. ARQuake: An Outdoor/Indoor Augmented Reality First Person Application. in IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers. 2000. Atlanta, GA.
[22]
Thomas, B., Krul, N., Close, B., Piekarski, W. Usability and Playability Issues for ARQuake. in International Workshop on Entertainment Computing. 2002. Tokyo, Japan.
[23]
Vorderer, P., Wirth, W., Gouveia, F. R., Biocca, F., Saari, T., Jäncke, F. MEC spatial presence questionnaire (MEC-SPQ): Short documentation and instructions for application. 2004.
[24]
Wetzel, R., Blum, L., McCall, R., Oppermann, L., Broeke, S., Szalavari, Z. IPCity Deliverable D8.4: Final Prototype of TimeWarp application. 2010. {Online} {verified 11.04.2012}. http://goo.gl/oYVWw
[25]
Wetzel, R., McCall, R., Braun, A., Broll, W. Guidelines for Designing Augmented Reality Games in Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Future Play, Toronto, Canada: ACM, New York, NY, 2008.
[26]
Wither, J., Allen, R., Samanta, V., Hemanus, J., Yun-Ta Tsai, Azuma, R., Carter, W., Hinman, R. and Korah, T. The Westwood Experience: Connecting story to locations via Mixed Reality. IEEE International Symposium On Mixed and Augmented Reality - Arts, Media, and Humanities (ISMAR-AMH), 2010

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. The final TimeWarp: using form and content to support player experience and presence when designing location-aware mobile augmented reality games

                        Recommendations

                        Comments

                        Information & Contributors

                        Information

                        Published In

                        cover image ACM Conferences
                        DIS '12: Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
                        June 2012
                        828 pages
                        ISBN:9781450312103
                        DOI:10.1145/2317956
                        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

                        Sponsors

                        Publisher

                        Association for Computing Machinery

                        New York, NY, United States

                        Publication History

                        Published: 11 June 2012

                        Permissions

                        Request permissions for this article.

                        Check for updates

                        Author Tags

                        1. game design
                        2. guidelines
                        3. location-aware games
                        4. mixed reality (MR)
                        5. mobile augmented reality (AR)
                        6. multimodal interfaces
                        7. pervasive gaming
                        8. presence

                        Qualifiers

                        • Research-article

                        Conference

                        DIS '12
                        Sponsor:
                        DIS '12: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2012
                        June 11 - 15, 2012
                        Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom

                        Acceptance Rates

                        Overall Acceptance Rate 1,158 of 4,684 submissions, 25%

                        Upcoming Conference

                        DIS '25
                        Designing Interactive Systems Conference
                        July 5 - 9, 2025
                        Funchal , Portugal

                        Contributors

                        Other Metrics

                        Bibliometrics & Citations

                        Bibliometrics

                        Article Metrics

                        • Downloads (Last 12 months)20
                        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
                        Reflects downloads up to 23 Jan 2025

                        Other Metrics

                        Citations

                        Cited By

                        View all

                        View Options

                        Login options

                        View options

                        PDF

                        View or Download as a PDF file.

                        PDF

                        eReader

                        View online with eReader.

                        eReader

                        Media

                        Figures

                        Other

                        Tables

                        Share

                        Share

                        Share this Publication link

                        Share on social media