skip to main content
10.1145/1978942.1979457acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Am I wasting my time organizing email?: a study of email refinding

Published: 07 May 2011 Publication History

Abstract

We all spend time every day looking for information in our email, yet we know little about this refinding process. Some users expend considerable preparatory effort creating complex folder structures to promote effective refinding. However modern email clients provide alternative opportunistic methods for access, such as search and threading, that promise to reduce the need to manually prepare. To compare these different refinding strategies, we instrumented a modern email client that supports search, folders, tagging and threading. We carried out a field study of 345 long-term users who conducted over 85,000 refinding actions. Our data support opportunistic access. People who create complex folders indeed rely on these for retrieval, but these preparatory behaviors are inefficient and do not improve retrieval success. In contrast, both search and threading promote more effective finding. We present design implications: current search-based clients ignore scrolling, the most prevalent refinding behavior, and threading approaches need to be extended.

References

[1]
Balter O. Keystroke Level Analysis of Email Message Organization. Proc. of CHI 2000, 105--112.
[2]
Bellotti, V., Ducheneaut, N., Howard, M., & Smith, I. Taking email to task: The design and evaluation of a task management centered email tool. Proc. of CHI 2003, 345--352.
[3]
Bellotti, V., Ducheneaut, N., Howard, M., Smith, I., & Grinter, R. Quality vs. quantity: Email-centric task-management and its relationship with overload. Human-Computer Interaction, 20(1--2), 2005, 89--138.
[4]
Bergman, O., Beyth-Marom, R., Nachmias, R., Gradovitch, N., & Whittaker, S. Advanced search engines and navigation preference in personal information management. TOIS, 26(4), 2008, 1--24.
[5]
Boardman, R., Sasse, M.A. 'Stuff goes into the computer and doesn't come out': A cross-tool study of personal information management. Proc. of CHI 2004, 583--590.
[6]
Civan, A., Jones, W., Klasnja, P., Bruce, H. Better to organize personal information by folders or by tags?: The devil is in the details. Proc. of ASIS&T, 45(1) 2008, 1--13.
[7]
Dabbish, L.A., Kraut, R.E., Fussell, S., Kiesler, S. Understanding email use: Predicting action on a message. Proc. of CHI 2005, 691--700.
[8]
Dredze, M., Lau, T., Kushmerick, N. Automatically classifying emails into activities. Proc. of IUI 2006, 70--77.
[9]
Dumais, S., Cutrell, E., Cadiz, J., Jancke, G., Sarin, R., Robbins, D. Stuff I've seen: A system for personal information retrieval and re-use. Proc. of SIGIR 2003, 72--79.
[10]
Elsweiler, D., Baillie, M., Ruthven, I. Exploring memory in email refinding. TOIS, 26(4), 2008, 1--36.
[11]
Fisher, D., Brush, A.J., Gleave, E., Smith, M.A. Revisiting Whittaker & Sidner's 'email overload' ten years later. Proc. of CSCW 2006, 309--312.
[12]
Gmail, About Gmail. http://mail.google.com/mail/ help/about.html, verified Jan. 11, 2011.
[13]
Mackay, W., Diversity in the use of electronic mail: A preliminary inquiry. TOIS, 6(4), 1988, 380--397.
[14]
Neustaedter, C., Brush, A.J., Smith, M., Fisher, D. The social network and relationship finder: Social sorting for email triage. CEAS, 2005.
[15]
Radicati Group, Email statistics report 2010--2014. http://www.radicati.com/?p=5282, verified Jan. 11, 2011.
[16]
Rodden K., Leggett, M. Best of both worlds: Improving Gmail labels with the affordances of folders. Extended Abstracts of CHI 2010, 4587--4596.
[17]
Tang, J.C., Wilcox, E., Cerruti, J.A., Badenes, H., Schoudt, J., Nusser, S. Tag-it, snag-it, or bag-it: Combining tags, threads, and folders in e-mail, Extended Abstracts of CHI 2008, 2179--2194.
[18]
Teevan, J., Alvarado, C., Ackerman, M.S., Karger, D.R. The perfect search engine is not enough: A study of orienteering behavior in directed search. Proc. of CHI 2004, 415--422.
[19]
Venolia, G., Neustaedter, C. Understanding sequence and reply relationships within email conversations: A mixed-model visualization. Proc. of CHI 2003, 361--368.
[20]
Wattenberg, M., Rohall, S.L., Gruen, D., Kerr, B. Email Research: Targeting the enterprise. Human-Computer Interaction, 20, 1 & 2, 2005, 139--162.
[21]
Whittaker, S., Bellotti, V., & Gwizdka, J. Everything through email. In W. Jones, J. Teevan (Eds.), Personal information management. UW Press, 2007, 167--189.
[22]
Whittaker, S., Jones, Q., Nardi, B., Creech, M., Terveen, L., Isaacs, E., Hainsworth, J. ContactMap: Organizing communication in a social desktop. TOCHI 11, 4, 2004, 445--471.
[23]
Whittaker, S., Sidner, C. Email overload: Exploring personal information management of email, Proc. of CHI 1996, 276--283.

Cited By

View all

Index Terms

  1. Am I wasting my time organizing email?: a study of email refinding

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CHI '11: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    May 2011
    3530 pages
    ISBN:9781450302289
    DOI:10.1145/1978942
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 07 May 2011

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. PIM
    2. conversation threading
    3. email
    4. field study
    5. folders
    6. management strategy
    7. refinding
    8. search
    9. usage logging

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Conference

    CHI '11
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    CHI '11 Paper Acceptance Rate 410 of 1,532 submissions, 27%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

    Upcoming Conference

    CHI '25
    CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
    April 26 - May 1, 2025
    Yokohama , Japan

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)70
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)7
    Reflects downloads up to 06 Nov 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media