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High precision automatic scheduling of periodic task sets for microcontrollers

Published: 28 March 2008 Publication History

Abstract

In low-end microcontroller systems task scheduling is often not done, or using very ad-hoc methods, or using a high-overhead RTOS. In this paper we offer an alternative: the design-time generation of high-precision schedules which are then executed using a minimal scheduler on a microcontroller. The schedules are derived from a simple task modeling language that allows the specification of properties of tasks, constraints on task execution, as well as worst-case interrupt rates and interrupt service execution times. An off-line scheduling algorithm then computes a schedule for the tasks specified which is then compiled and linked with a simple execution kernel that performs the scheduling. The paper describes the modeling language, the schedule computation approach used, the run-time kernel, as well as experimental results.

References

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Xu, J. and Parnas, D. L. 1990 Scheduling Processes with release times, deadlines, precedence and exclusion relations. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Volume 16, Issue 3. Page(s): 360--369
[2]
Henzinger, T. A., Horowitz, B. and, Kirsch, C. M. Giotto: a time-triggered language for embedded programming. Proceedings of the IEEE. Volume 91, Issue 1, Jan. 2003 Page(s):84--99
[3]
Templ, J. TDL Specification and Report. Technical Report, University of Salzburg, Austria. Mar 2004, www.SoftwareResearch.net/site/publications/Co59.pdf
[4]
Karsai, G.: "A Configurable Visual Programming Environment: A Tool for Domain-Specific Programming", IEEE Computer, V. 28. pp. 36--44., March 1995.
[5]
Agrawal A., Karsai G., Kalmar Z., Neema S., Shi F., Vizhanyo A.: The Design of a Language for Model Transformations, Journal of Software and System Modeling, 2005.
[6]
T. P. Baker, and A. Shaw, "The cyclic executive model and Ada," Journal of Real- Time Systems, vol. 1, June 1989.

Recommendations

Reviews

Jari Ojala

This is a compact and easy-to-understand "how-to" paper about low-end microprocessor task scheduling. The paper is almost a recipe for how to create a real-time system on a low-budget processor project. Ness and Karsai do not give any elaborate mathematical equations or proofs of how their task scheduler works, but the paper has well-written outlines of the task-modeling language, the offline scheduling algorithm, and the code generator. The explanations and a couple of nice pictures might make an embedded-world reader say: "I want to repeat this work in my own lab-tonight!" On your way to the lab to test the scheduler algorithm, you might remember that you did not see: details or the syntax of the task-modeling language or code generator, reference works cited, or one-to-one comparison charts for competing scheduling algorithms. "Never mind; the algorithm is interesting," you will say, but you will need to find the details of the algorithm before sleeping in your lab tonight. Online Computing Reviews Service

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ACMSE '08: Proceedings of the 46th annual ACM Southeast Conference
March 2008
548 pages
ISBN:9781605581057
DOI:10.1145/1593105
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 March 2008

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Author Tags

  1. code generation
  2. embedded systems
  3. microcontrollers
  4. model driven design
  5. scheduling problem

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  • Research-article

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ACM SE08
ACM SE08: ACM Southeast Regional Conference
March 28 - 29, 2008
Alabama, Auburn

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Overall Acceptance Rate 502 of 1,023 submissions, 49%

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