skip to main content
10.1145/1328202.1328214acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesfutureplayConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Guidelines for 3D positioning techniques

Published: 14 November 2007 Publication History

Abstract

In this paper, we present a set of guidelines for designing 3D positioning techniques. These guidelines are intended for developers of object interaction schemes in 3D games, modeling packages, computer aided design systems, and virtual environments. The guidelines promote intuitive object movement techniques in these types of environments.
We then present a study comparing 3D positioning techniques based on these guidelines with 2D and 3D/6D devices across VR display technologies. Display technologies such as stereoscopic graphics and head-coupled perspective provide additional depth cues and could affect how a user perceives and thus interacts with a 3D scene -- regardless of the input device/technique used. Thus they are examined as well. The results suggest that 2D devices using "smart" movement algorithms can outperform 3D devices.

References

[1]
E. Bier. Skitters and Jacks: Interactive 3D Positioning Tools. In Proc. of Interactive 3D Graphics 1986, pp. 183--196, January 1987.
[2]
J. Boritz, and K. S. Booth. A Study of Interactive 3D Point Location in a Computer Simulated Virtual Environment. In ACM VRST 1997, pp. 181--187, September 1997.
[3]
J. Boritz, and K. S. Booth, A Study of Interactive 6 DOF Docking in a Computerised Virtual Environment. In Proc. of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, pp. 139--146, March 1998.
[4]
D. Bowman, D. Johnson, and L. Hodges. Testbed Evaluation of Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques. In Proc. of VRST99, pp. 26--33, December 1999.
[5]
H. Baradaran, W. Stuerzlinger, A Comparison of Real and Virtual 3D Construction Tools with Novice Users. In CGVR'06, pp. 10--15, June 2006.
[6]
J. Chen, M. A. Narayan, and M. A. Perez-Quinones. "The Use of Hand-held Devices for Search Tasks in Virtual Environments," In Proc. of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2005 workshop on New Directions in 3DUI, pp. 15--18, March 2005.
[7]
D. Brookshire Conner, S. Snibbe, K. Hemdon, D. Robbins, R. Zeleznik, and A. van Dam. Three Dimensional Widgets. In Proc. of Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, June 1992.
[8]
K. Dave, K. Dinesh. CInDeR: Collision and Interference Detection in Real-time using graphics hardware. In Proc. of Graphics Interface, pp. 73--80, May 2003.
[9]
M. Deering. The Holosketch VR Skething System. Communications of the ACM, 39, 5, pp. 55--61, 1996.
[10]
D. Diner, and D. Fender. Human Engineering in Stereoscopic Viewing Devices. Plenum Press, New York, 1993.
[11]
N. Govindaraju, S. Redon, M. Lin, and D. Manocha. CULLIDE: interactive collision detection between complex models in large environments using graphics hardware. SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware, pp. 25--32, 2003.
[12]
T. Grossman, and R. Balakrishnan. The Design and Evaluation of Selection Techniques for 3D Volumetric Displays. In ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 2006, pp. 3--12, 2006.
[13]
J. Hsu, Z. Pizlo, D. Chelberg, C. Babbs, and E. Delp. Issues in the Design of Studies to Test the Effectiveness of Stereo Imaging. In IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A, 26, 6, pp. 810--819, 1996.
[14]
R. W. Lindeman, J. L. Sibert, J. K. Hahn. Towards Usable VR: an empirical study of user interfaces for immersive virtual environments. In Proc. of CHI '99, pp. 64--71, 1999.
[15]
S. Obayashi, T. Suhara, K. Kawabe, T. Okauchi, J. Maeda, Y. Akine, H. Onoe, and A. Iriki. Functional brain mapping of monkey tool use. NeuroImage 14, pp. 853--861, 2001.
[16]
J.-Y. Oh, W. Stuerzlinger. A system for desktop conceptual 3D design. In Virtual Reality 7, pp. 198--211, 2004.
[17]
J.-Y. Oh, W. Stuerzlinger. Moving Objects with 2D Input Devices in CAD Systems and Desktop Virtual Environments. In Proc. of Graphics Interface 2005, pp. 195--202, 2005.
[18]
I. Poupyrev, S. Weghorst, M. Billinghurst and T. Ichikawa, Egocentric object manipulation in virtual environments: empirical evaluation of interaction techniques. In Eurographics '98, pp 41--52, 1998.
[19]
B. Shneiderman. Direct manipulation: A step beyond programming languages, IEEE Computer 16, 8, pp. 57--69, 1983.
[20]
G. Smith, T. Salzman and W. Stuerzlinger. 3D Scene Manipulation with 2D Devices and Constraints. In Graphics Interface '01, pp. 135--142, 2001.
[21]
P. Strauss and R. Carey. An Object-Oriented 3D Graphics Toolkit. In Proc. of SIGGRAPH 2002, pp. 341--349, July 2002.
[22]
W. Stuerzlinger, D. Dadgari, J.-Y. Oh. Reality-Based Object Movement Techniques for 3D, CHI 2006 Workshop: "What is the Next Generation of Human-Computer Interaction?", April 2006.
[23]
Z. Szalavári, M. Gervautz, The Personal Interaction Panel, A Two-Handed Interface for Augmented Reality, Eurographics '97, pp. 335--346, September 1997.
[24]
C. Ware, K. Lowther. Selection Using a One-Eyed Cursor in a Fish Tank VR Environment. In ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 4, 4, pp. 309--322, 1997.
[25]
Z. Wartell, L. F. Hodges, W. Ribarsky, A geometric comparison of algorithms for fusion control in stereoscopic HTDs. IEEE TVCG, 8, 129--143, 2002.
[26]
C. Wickins, J. Hollands, Spatial displays, in Engineering psychology and human performance, Prentice-Hall 3rd Edition, 1999.
[27]
S. Zhai, W. Buxton, P. Milgram. The "Silk Cursor": Investigating Transparency for 3D Target Acquisition. In Proc. of CHI '94, pp. 459--464, 1994.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
Future Play '07: Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play
November 2007
279 pages
ISBN:9781595939432
DOI:10.1145/1328202
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

  • Province of Ontario, Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
  • Arcademy Games Awards Festival Arcadia
  • Microsoft User Research Group
  • Government of Canada, FedNor
  • Sault Ste. Marie Innovation Centre
  • Garage Games
  • Visualization Design Institute, Sheridan Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning
  • Algoma University College
  • University of Ontario Institute of Technology
  • Bug-Tracker.Com
  • SchoolFinder

In-Cooperation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 14 November 2007

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. 3D object positioning
  2. guidelines

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

Futureplay2007
Sponsor:
Futureplay2007: Futureplay 2007
November 14 - 17, 2007
Toronto, Canada

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)22
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 28 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media