research-article

Open access

Creepy Technology:What Is It and How Do You Measure It?

Authors:

Paweł W. Woźniak,

Caroline Eckerth,

Johannes Schöning,

Jasmin NiessAuthors Info & Claims

CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Article No.: 719, Pages 1 - 13

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445299

Published: 07 May 2021 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

Interactive technologies are getting closer to our bodies and permeate the infrastructure of our homes. While such technologies offer many benefits, they can also cause an initial feeling of unease in users. It is important for Human-Computer Interaction to manage first impressions and avoid designing technologies that appear creepy. To that end, we developed the Perceived Creepiness of Technology Scale (PCTS), which measures how creepy a technology appears to a user in an initial encounter with a new artefact. The scale was developed based on past work on creepiness and a set of ten focus groups conducted with users from diverse backgrounds. We followed a structured process of analytically developing and validating the scale. The PCTS is designed to enable designers and researchers to quickly compare interactive technologies and ensure that they do not design technologies that produce initial feelings of creepiness in users.

Supplementary Material

Supplementary Materials (3411764.3445299_supplementalmaterials.zip)

Download
149.90 MB

References

[1]

Michelle Annett, Matthew Lakier, Franklin Li, Daniel Wigdor, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2016. The Living Room: Exploring the Haunted and Paranormal to Transform Design and Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems(DIS ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1328–1340. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901819 event-place: Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Digital Library

[2]

Louise Barkhuus and Juliana Tashiro. 2010. Student Socialization in the Age of Facebook. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753347 event-place: Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Digital Library

[3]

Ann Blandford, Dominic Furniss, and Stephann Makri. 2016. Qualitative HCI research: Going behind the scenes. Synthesis lectures on human-centered informatics 9, 1(2016), 1–115.

[4]

Godfred O. Boateng, Torsten B. Neilands, Edward A. Frongillo, Hugo R. Melgar-Quiñonez, and Sera L. Young. 2018. Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer. Frontiers in Public Health 6 (June 2018). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149

[5]

Alberto Boem, Kai Sasaki, and Shori Kano. 2017. Vital+Morph: A Shape-Changing Interface for Remote Biometric Monitoring. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction(TEI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 503–509. https://doi.org/10.1145/3024969.3025083 event-place: Yokohama, Japan.

Digital Library

[6]

Kimberly A. Brink, Kurt Gray, and Henry M. Wellman. 2019. Creepiness Creeps In: Uncanny Valley Feelings Are Acquired in Childhood. Child Development 90, 4 (2019), 1202–1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12999 _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cdev.12999.

[7]

Matt Burgess. 2018. Spotify and Tinder need to stop being creepy with customer data. Wired UK (Feb. 2018). https://www.wired.co.uk/article/spotify-tinder-netflix-advertising-customer-information-privacy Section: Privacy.

[8]

Mark H. Chignell, Anabel Quan-Haase, and Jacek Gwizdka. 2003. The Privacy Attitudes Questionnaire (PAQ): Initial Development and Validation. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 47, 11 (Oct. 2003), 1326–1330. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120304701102 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.

[9]

Jacob Cohen. 2013. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

[10]

Andrew L. Comrey. 1988. Factor-analytic methods of scale development in personality and clinical psychology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56, 5(1988), 754–761. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.5.754 Place: US Publisher: American Psychological Association.

[11]

Robert F DeVellis. 2016. Scale development: Theory and applications. Vol. 26. Sage publications.

[12]

Andre Doucette, Carl Gutwin, Regan L. Mandryk, Miguel Nacenta, and Sunny Sharma. 2013. Sometimes When We Touch: How Arm Embodiments Change Reaching and Collaboration on Digital Tables. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work(CSCW ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1145/2441776.2441799 event-place: San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Digital Library

[13]

Kevin Dugan. 2018. Facebook’s creepy new speakers are freaking people out. https://nypost.com/2018/10/08/facebooks-creepy-new-speakers-are-freaking-people-out/

[14]

Andrew Gambino and S. Shyam Sundar. 2019. Acceptance of Self-Driving Cars: Does Their Posthuman Ability Make Them More Eerie or More Desirable?. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312870 event-place: Glasgow, Scotland Uk.

Digital Library

[15]

William W. Gaver, Jacob Beaver, and Steve Benford. 2003. Ambiguity as a resource for design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’03). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 233–240. https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642653

Digital Library

[16]

Vivian Genaro Motti and Kelly Caine. 2014. Understanding the Wearability of Head-Mounted Devices from a Human-Centered Perspective. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers(ISWC ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 83–86. https://doi.org/10.1145/2634317.2634340 event-place: Seattle, Washington.

Digital Library

[17]

Daniel Gooch and Leon Watts. 2012. YourGloves, Hothands and Hotmits: Devices to Hold Hands at a Distance. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology(UIST ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1145/2380116.2380138 event-place: Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Digital Library

[18]

Rebecca E. Grinter and Allison Woodruff. 2002. Ears and Hair: What Headsets Will People Wear?. In CHI ’02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’02). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 680–681. https://doi.org/10.1145/506443.506543 event-place: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Digital Library

[19]

J Gutman. 1982. A Means-End Chain Model on Consumer Categorization Processes. Journal of Marketing 46(1982), 209–226.

[20]

Takeo Hamada, Hironori Mitake, Shoichi Hasegawa, and Makoto Sato. 2015. A Teleoperated Bottom Wiper. In Proceedings of the 6th Augmented Human International Conference (Singapore, Singapore) (AH ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 145–150. https://doi.org/10.1145/2735711.2735794

Digital Library

[21]

Julia Hanson, Miranda Wei, Sophie Veys, Matthew Kugler, Lior Strahilevitz, and Blase Ur. 2020. Taking Data Out of Context to Hyper-Personalize Ads: Crowdworkers’ Privacy Perceptions and Decisions to Disclose Private Information. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376415 event-place: Honolulu, HI, USA.

Digital Library

[22]

Lane Harrison, Katharina Reinecke, and Remco Chang. 2015. Infographic Aesthetics: Designing for the First Impression. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1187–1190. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702545

Digital Library

[23]

Kashmir Hill. 2020. The Secretive Company That Might End Privacy as We Know It. The New York Times (Jan. 2020). https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/technology/clearview-privacy-facial-recognition.html

[24]

Chin-Chang Ho, Karl F. MacDorman, and Z. A. D. Dwi Pramono. 2008. Human emotion and the uncanny valley: a GLM, MDS, and Isomap analysis of robot video ratings. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction(HRI ’08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1145/1349822.1349845

Digital Library

[25]

Ali Israr and Freddy Abnousi. 2018. Towards Pleasant Touch: Vibrotactile Grids for Social Touch Interactions. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170427.3188546 event-place: Montreal QC, Canada.

Digital Library

[26]

Alisa Kalegina, Grace Schroeder, Aidan Allchin, Keara Berlin, and Maya Cakmak. 2018. Characterizing the Design Space of Rendered Robot Faces. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction(HRI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 96–104. https://doi.org/10.1145/3171221.3171286

Digital Library

[27]

Laewoo Kang, Taezoo Park, and Steven Jackson. 2014. Scale: Human Interactions with Broken and Discarded Technologies. In CHI ’14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2574831 event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Digital Library

[28]

Seokbin Kang, Leyla Norooz, Vanessa Oguamanam, Angelisa C. Plane, Tamara L. Clegg, and Jon E. Froehlich. 2016. SharedPhys: Live Physiological Sensing, Whole-Body Interaction, and Large-Screen Visualizations to Support Shared Inquiry Experiences. In Proceedings of the The 15th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children(IDC ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1145/2930674.2930710 event-place: Manchester, United Kingdom.

Digital Library

[29]

Seokbin Kang, Ekta Shokeen, Virginia L. Byrne, Leyla Norooz, Elizabeth Bonsignore, Caro Williams-Pierce, and Jon E. Froehlich. 2020. ARMath: Augmenting Everyday Life with Math Learning. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376252 event-place: Honolulu, HI, USA.

Digital Library

[30]

Hsin-Liu Cindy Kao, Abdelkareem Bedri, and Kent Lyons. 2018. SkinWire: Fabricating a Self-Contained On-Skin PCB for the Hand. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 2, 3, Article 116 (Sept. 2018), 23 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3264926

Digital Library

[31]

Fares Kayali, Oliver Hödl, Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Peter Purgathofer, Alexander Filipp, Ruth Mateus-Berr, Ulrich Kühn, Thomas Wagensommerer, Johannes Kretz, and Susanne Kirchmayr. 2017. Playful Technology-Mediated Audience Participation in a Live Music Event. In Extended Abstracts Publication of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play(CHI PLAY ’17 Extended Abstracts). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1145/3130859.3131293 event-place: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Digital Library

[32]

Norene Kelly and Stephen Gilbert. 2016. The WEAR Scale: Developing a Measure of the Social Acceptability of a Wearable Device. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2864–2871. https://doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2892331

Digital Library

[33]

Marion Koelle, Swamy Ananthanarayan, and Susanne Boll. 2020. Social Acceptability in HCI: A Survey of Methods, Measures, and Design Strategies. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Honolulu HI USA, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376162

Digital Library

[34]

Terry K. Koo and Mae Y. Li. 2016. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 15, 2 (2016), 155 – 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012

[35]

Markus Langer and Cornelius J. König. 2018. Introducing and Testing the Creepiness of Situation Scale (CRoSS). Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02220 Publisher: Frontiers.

[36]

Young Suk Lee. 2017. Tea with Crows: Experiencing Proactive Ubiquitous Technology by Interactive Art. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction(TEI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 677–680. https://doi.org/10.1145/3024969.3025058 event-place: Yokohama, Japan.

Digital Library

[37]

Vincent Levesque, Louise Oram, Karon MacLean, Andy Cockburn, Nicholas D. Marchuk, Dan Johnson, J. Edward Colgate, and Michael A. Peshkin. 2011. Enhancing Physicality in Touch Interaction with Programmable Friction. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2481–2490. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979306 event-place: Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Digital Library

[38]

Hajin Lim and Susan R. Fussell. 2017. Making Sense of Foreign Language Posts in Social Media. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 69:1–69:16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134704

Digital Library

[39]

Chaolan Lin, Karl F. MacDorman, Selma Šabanović, Andrew D. Miller, and Erin Brady. 2020. Parental Expectations, Concerns, and Acceptance of Storytelling Robots for Children. In Companion of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction(HRI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 346–348. https://doi.org/10.1145/3371382.3378376

Digital Library

[40]

Quantified Toilets LLC. 2014. http://quantifiedtoilets.com/. Critical Making Hackathon at the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2014).

[41]

Diana Löffler, Judith Dörrenbächer, and Marc Hassenzahl. 2020. The Uncanny Valley Effect in Zoomorphic Robots: The U-Shaped Relation Between Animal Likeness and Likeability. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction(HRI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374788

Digital Library

[42]

Adrienne Matei. 2017. New technology is forcing us to confront the ethics of bringing people back from the dead. https://qz.com/896207/death-technology-will-allow-grieving-people-to-bring-back-their-loved-ones-from-the-dead-digitally/

[43]

Francis T. McAndrew and Sara S. Koehnke. 2016. On the nature of creepiness. New Ideas in Psychology 43 (Dec. 2016), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2016.03.003

[44]

Rachel McDonnell and Martin Breidt. 2010. Face reality: investigating the Uncanny Valley for virtual faces. In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2010 Sketches(SA ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1145/1899950.1899991

Digital Library

[45]

D. Harrison Mcknight, Michelle Carter, Jason Bennett Thatcher, and Paul F. Clay. 2011. Trust in a specific technology: An investigation of its components and measures. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 2, 2 (July 2011), 12:1–12:25. https://doi.org/10.1145/1985347.1985353

Digital Library

[46]

Kenya Mejia and Svetlana Yarosh. 2017. A Nine-Item Questionnaire for Measuring the Social Disfordance of Mediated Social Touch Technologies. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 77:1–77:17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134712

Digital Library

[47]

Nick Merrill and John Chuang. 2018. From Scanning Brains to Reading Minds: Talking to Engineers about Brain-Computer Interface. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173897 event-place: Montreal QC, Canada.

Digital Library

[48]

Nick Merrill, John Chuang, and Coye Cheshire. 2019. Sensing is Believing: What People Think Biosensors Can Reveal About Thoughts and Feelings. In Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference(DIS ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 413–420. https://doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322286 event-place: San Diego, CA, USA.

Digital Library

[49]

Dylan Moore, Rebecca Currano, G. Ella Strack, and David Sirkin. 2019. The Case for Implicit External Human-Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications(AutomotiveUI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 295–307. https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3345320 event-place: Utrecht, Netherlands.

Digital Library

[50]

Dylan Moore, G. Ella Strack, Rebecca Currano, and David Sirkin. 2019. Visualizing Implicit EHMI for Autonomous Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings(AutomotiveUI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 475–477. https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3349603 event-place: Utrecht, Netherlands.

Digital Library

[51]

R.R. Murphy, D. Riddle, and E. Rasmussen. 2004. Robot-assisted medical reachback: a survey of how medical personnel expect to interact with rescue robots. In RO-MAN 2004. 13th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (IEEE Catalog No.04TH8759). 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2004.1374777

[52]

Tao Ni, Amy K. Karlson, and Daniel Wigdor. 2011. AnatOnMe: Facilitating Doctor-Patient Communication Using a Projection-Based Handheld Device. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3333–3342. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979437 event-place: Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Digital Library

[53]

Mahsan Nourani, Donald R. Honeycutt, Jeremy E. Block, Chiradeep Roy, Tahrima Rahman, Eric D. Ragan, and Vibhav Gogate. 2020. Investigating the Importance of First Impressions and Explainable AI with Interactive Video Analysis. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382967

Digital Library

[54]

OED Online. 2021. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.

[55]

Takeshi Oozu, Aki Yamada, Yuki Enzaki, and Hiroo Iwata. 2017. Escaping Chair: Furniture-Shaped Device Art. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction(TEI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 403–407. https://doi.org/10.1145/3024969.3025064 event-place: Yokohama, Japan.

Digital Library

[56]

Timothy Pallarino, Aaron Free, Katrina Mutuc, and Svetlana Yarosh. 2016. Feeling Distance: An Investigation of Mediated Social Touch Prototypes. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion(CSCW ’16 Companion). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 361–364. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818052.2869124 event-place: San Francisco, California, USA.

Digital Library

[57]

Pablo Paredes, Ryuka Ko, Eduardo Calle-Ortiz, John Canny, Björn Hartmann, and Greg Niemeyer. 2016. Fiat-Lux: Interactive Urban Lights for Combining Positive Emotion and Efficiency. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems(DIS ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 785–795. https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901832 event-place: Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Digital Library

[58]

Sung Youl Park. 2009. An Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model in Understanding University Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use e-Learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society 12, 3 (2009), 150–162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.12.3.150 Publisher: International Forum of Educational Technology & Society.

[59]

Emmi Parviainen and Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard. 2020. Experiential Qualities of Whispering with Voice Assistants. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376187 event-place: Honolulu, HI, USA.

Digital Library

[60]

Chanda Phelan, Cliff Lampe, and Paul Resnick. 2016. It’s Creepy, But It Doesn’t Bother Me. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5240–5251. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858381 event-place: San Jose, California, USA.

Digital Library

[61]

James Pierce. 2019. Smart Home Security Cameras and Shifting Lines of Creepiness: A Design-Led Inquiry. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300275 event-place: Glasgow, Scotland Uk.

Digital Library

[62]

Amanda Purington, Jessie G. Taft, Shruti Sannon, Natalya N. Bazarova, and Samuel Hardman Taylor. 2017. ”Alexa is my new BFF”: Social Roles, User Satisfaction, and Personification of the Amazon Echo. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2853–2859. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053246

Digital Library

[63]

Katharina Reinecke, Tom Yeh, Luke Miratrix, Rahmatri Mardiko, Yuechen Zhao, Jenny Liu, and Krzysztof Z. Gajos. 2013. Predicting users’ first impressions of website aesthetics with a quantification of perceived visual complexity and colorfulness. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2049–2058. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481281

Digital Library

[64]

Julie Rico and Stephen Brewster. 2009. Gestures all around us: user differences in social acceptability perceptions of gesture based interfaces. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services(MobileHCI ’09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1145/1613858.1613936

Digital Library

[65]

Katja Rogers, Giovanni Ribeiro, Rina R. Wehbe, Michael Weber, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2018. Vanishing Importance: Studying Immersive Effects of Game Audio Perception on Player Experiences in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173902 event-place: Montreal QC, Canada.

Digital Library

[66]

Johnny Saldaña. 2015. The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.

[67]

Albrecht Schmidt. 2017. Augmenting Human Intellect and Amplifying Perception and Cognition. IEEE Pervasive Computing 16, 1 (Jan. 2017), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2017.8 Conference Name: IEEE Pervasive Computing.

Digital Library

[68]

Valentin Schwind, Pascal Knierim, Lewis Chuang, and Niels Henze. 2017. ”Where’s Pinky?”: The Effects of a Reduced Number of Fingers in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play(CHI PLAY ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 507–515. https://doi.org/10.1145/3116595.3116596 event-place: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Digital Library

[69]

William Seymour and Max Van Kleek. 2020. Does Siri Have a Soul? Exploring Voice Assistants Through Shinto Design Fictions. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI EA ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3381809 event-place: Honolulu, HI, USA.

Digital Library

[70]

Irina Shklovski, Scott D. Mainwaring, Halla Hrund Skúladóttir, and Höskuldur Borgthorsson. 2014. Leakiness and Creepiness in App Space: Perceptions of Privacy and Mobile App Use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2347–2356. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557421 event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Digital Library

[71]

Sowmya Somanath, Ehud Sharlin, and Mario Costa Sousa. 2013. Integrating a robot in a tabletop reservoir engineering application. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction(HRI ’13). IEEE Press, Tokyo, Japan, 229–230.

Digital Library

[72]

Ruojia Sun, Ryosuke Onose, Margaret Dunne, Andrea Ling, Amanda Denham, and Hsin-Liu (Cindy) Kao. 2020. Weaving a Second Skin: Exploring Opportunities for Crafting On-Skin Interfaces Through Weaving. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Eindhoven, Netherlands) (DIS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 365–377. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395548

Digital Library

[73]

Omer Tene and Jules Polonetsky. 2014. A Theory of Creepy: Technology, Privacy, and Shifting Social Norms. Yale Journal of Law and Technology 16 (2014), 45.

[74]

Hiroaki Tobita. 2017. Finger-Navi: Mobile Navigation Integrated Smartphone with Physical Finger. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia(Stuttgart, Germany) (MUM ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1145/3152832.3157381

Digital Library

[75]

Aaron Toney, Barrie Mulley, Bruce H. Thomas, and Wayne Piekarski. 2003. Social weight: designing to minimise the social consequences arising from technology use by the mobile professional. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 7, 5 (Oct. 2003), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-003-0245-8

Digital Library

[76]

Austin L. Toombs, Shaowen Bardzell, and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2015. The Proper Care and Feeding of Hackerspaces: Care Ethics and Cultures of Making. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 629–638. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702522 event-place: Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Digital Library

[77]

Blase Ur, Pedro Giovanni Leon, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Richard Shay, and Yang Wang. 2012. Smart, Useful, Scary, Creepy: Perceptions of Online Behavioral Advertising. In Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security(SOUPS ’12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2335356.2335362 event-place: Washington, D.C.

Digital Library

[78]

Maurice Waite. 2009. Oxford thesaurus of English. Oxford University Press.

[79]

Margo C. Watt, Rebecca A. Maitland, and Catherine E. Gallagher. 2017. A case of the “heeby jeebies”: An examination of intuitive judgements of “creepiness”.Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 49, 1 (Jan. 2017), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000066

[80]

Roger L Worthington and Tiffany A Whittaker. 2006. Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The counseling psychologist 34, 6 (2006), 806–838.

[81]

Jason C. Yip, Kiley Sobel, Xin Gao, Allison Marie Hishikawa, Alexis Lim, Laura Meng, Romaine Flor Ofiana, Justin Park, and Alexis Hiniker. 2019. Laughing is Scary, but Farting is Cute: A Conceptual Model of Children’s Perspectives of Creepy Technologies. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300303 event-place: Glasgow, Scotland Uk.

Digital Library

[82]

Hui Zhang, Munmun De Choudhury, and Jonathan Grudin. 2014. Creepy but Inevitable? The Evolution of Social Networking. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing(CSCW ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531685 event-place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Digital Library

[83]

Vygandas Šimbelis, Anders Lundström, Kristina Höök, Jordi Solsona, and Vincent Lewandowski. 2014. Metaphone: Machine Aesthetics Meets Interaction Design. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557152 event-place: Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Digital Library

Cited By

Etto JKirjavainen EKalving MHäkkilä J(2024)Aware Eye - Wearable Provotype as a Playful Design on Sensing EnvironmentsProceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3701571.3703379(442-444)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3701571.3703379
Haider AWallner GGerling KVanden Abeele V(2024)An Investigation of the Test-Retest Reliability of the miniPXIProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770588:CHI PLAY(1-24)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677058
Jarsve TMalkomsen EWoźniak PNiess J(2024)Exploring User Expectations and Perceived Creepiness in AI: A Study on Furhat and ChatGPTAdjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3677045.3685428(1-5)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677045.3685428
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Creepy Technology:What Is It and How Do You Measure It?
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

Creepy Assistant: Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure the Perceived Creepiness of Voice Assistants
CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Voice assistants have afforded users rich interaction opportunities to access information and issue commands in a variety of contexts. However, some users feel uneasy or creeped out by voice assistants, leading to a decreased desire to use them. As ...
Still Creepy After All These Years:The Normalization of Affective Discomfort in App Use
CHI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

It is not well understood why people continue to use privacy-invasive apps they consider creepy. We conducted a scenario-based study (n = 751) to investigate how the intention to use an app is influenced by affective perceptions and privacy concerns. We ...
Laughing is Scary, but Farting is Cute: A Conceptual Model of Children's Perspectives of Creepy Technologies
CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

In HCI, adult concerns about technologies for children have been studied extensively. However, less is known about what children themselves find concerning in everyday technologies. We examine children's technology-related fears by probing their use of ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 2021

10862 pages

ISBN:9781450380966

DOI:10.1145/3411764

General Chairs:
Yoshifumi Kitamura
Tohoku University, Japan
,
Aaron Quigley
University of New South Wales, Australia
,
Program Chairs:
Katherine Isbister
University of California Santa Cruz, USA
,
Takeo Igarashi
The University of Tokyo, Japan
,
Publications Chairs:
Pernille Bjørn
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
,
Steven Drucker
Microsoft Research, USA

Copyright © 2021 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 May 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

CHI '21

Sponsor:

SIGCHI

CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

May 8 - 13, 2021

Yokohama, Japan

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025

Sponsor:
sigchi

ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

April 26 - May 1, 2025

Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

28
Total Citations
View Citations
3,919
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)1,477
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)170

Reflects downloads up to 24 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Etto JKirjavainen EKalving MHäkkilä J(2024)Aware Eye - Wearable Provotype as a Playful Design on Sensing EnvironmentsProceedings of the International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia10.1145/3701571.3703379(442-444)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3701571.3703379
Haider AWallner GGerling KVanden Abeele V(2024)An Investigation of the Test-Retest Reliability of the miniPXIProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770588:CHI PLAY(1-24)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677058
Jarsve TMalkomsen EWoźniak PNiess J(2024)Exploring User Expectations and Perceived Creepiness in AI: A Study on Furhat and ChatGPTAdjunct Proceedings of the 2024 Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3677045.3685428(1-5)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677045.3685428
Husca H(2024)Feeling Uneasy in VR? Measuring User Perception of Data Collection Practices in Extended RealityACM Symposium on Applied Perception 202410.1145/3675231.3678873(1-2)Online publication date: 30-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3675231.3678873
Loerakker MNiess JWoźniak P(2024)Technology which Makes You ThinkProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596158:2(1-24)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659615
Shalawadi SGetschmann Cvan Berkel NEchtler F(2024)Manual, Hybrid, and Automatic Privacy Covers for Smart Home CamerasProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661569(3453-3470)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661569
Draxler FWerner ALehmann FHoppe MSchmidt ABuschek DWelsch R(2024)The AI Ghostwriter Effect: When Users do not Perceive Ownership of AI-Generated Text but Self-Declare as AuthorsACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/363787531:2(1-40)Online publication date: 5-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637875
Wester JPohl HHosio Svan Berkel N(2024)"This Chatbot Would Never...": Perceived Moral Agency of Mental Health ChatbotsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36374108:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637410
Seberger JChoung HSnyder JDavid P(2024)Better Living Through Creepy Technology? Exploring Tensions Between a Novel Class of Well-Being Apps and Affective Discomfort in App CultureProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36372998:CSCW1(1-39)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637299
Katins CWoźniak PChen ATumay ILe LUschold JKosch T(2024)Assessing User Apprehensions About Mixed Reality Artifacts and Applications: The Mixed Reality Concerns (MRC) QuestionnaireProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642631(1-13)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642631
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents