Loudspeaker and Listening Position Estimation Using Smart Speakers
Pages 81 - 85
Abstract
Recently, so-called smart speakers have been introduced and they include a microphone array. One potential application of such a smart speaker is to use it for calibrating a larger audio system which the speaker is a part of. In this paper, we propose a method to perform this calibration using one or several smart speakers. Specifically, a map is estimated of the sensors and sound sources. As opposed to existing methods, the proposed method can create this map for both synchronised and unsynchronised sound sources by taking the different localisation errors into account. We show that this gives more accurate estimates than assuming identical estimation errors, and that existing methods are outperformed in terms of estimation accuracy for various noise levels and reverberation times.
7. References
[1]
International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, “Recommendation ITU-R BS.775–3, Multichannel stereophonic sound system with and without accompanying picture,” 2012.
[2]
J. Herre, J. Hilpert, A. Kuntz, and J. Plogsties, “MPEG-H 3D audio - the new standard for coding of immersive spatial audio,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 770–779, 2015.
[3]
M. Crocco, A. Del Bue, and V. Murino, “A bilinear approach to the position self-calibration of multiple sensors,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 660–673, 2012.
[4]
Y. Kuang, S. Burgess, A. Torstensson, and K. Astrom, “A complete characterization and solution to the microphone position self-calibration problem,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. IEEE, 2013, pp. 3875–3879.
[5]
N.D. Gaubitch, W.B. Kleijn, and R. Heusdens, “Auto-localization in ad-hoc microphone arrays,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. IEEE, 2013, pp. 106–110.
[6]
N.D. Gaubitch, W.B. Kleijn, and R. Heusdens, “Calibration of distributed sound acquisition systems using TOA measurements from a moving acoustic source,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process. IEEE, 2014, pp. 7455–7459.
[7]
I. Dokmanic, J. Ranieri, and M. Vetterli, “Relax and unfold: Microphone localization with euclidean distance matrices,” in Proc. European Signal Processing Conf., 2015.
[8]
I. Dokmanic, R. Parhizkar, J. Ranieri, and M. Vetterli, “Euclidean distance matrices: A short walk through theory, algorithms, and applications,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 12–30, 2015.
[9]
A. Plinge, F. Jacob, R. Haeb-Umbach, and G.A. Fink, “Acoustic microphone geometry calibration: An overview and experimental evaluation of state-of-the-art algorithms,” IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 14–29, 2016.
[10]
A. Plinge and G. Fink, “Geometry calibration of multiple microphone arrays in highly reverberant environments,” in Proc. Intl. Workshop Acoust. Echo Noise Control. IEEE, 2014, pp. 243–247.
[11]
A. Plinge, G.A. Fink, and S. Gannot, “Passive online geometry calibration of acoustic sensor networks,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 324–328, 2017.
[12]
S.D. Valente, M. Tagliasacchi, F. Antonacci, P. Bestagini, A. Sarti, and S. Tubaro, “Geometric calibration of distributed microphone arrays from acoustic source correspondences,” in Proc. Int. Workshop on Multimedia Signal Process. IEEE, 2010, pp. 13–18.
[13]
P. Pertilä, M. Mieskolainen, and M.S. Hämäläinen, “Closed-form self-localization of asynchronous microphone arrays,” in Joint Workshop on Hands-free Speech Commun. and Microphone Arrays. IEEE, 2011, pp. 139–144.
[14]
J.R. Jensen, J.K. Nielsen, M.G. Christensen, and S.H. Jensen, “On frequency domain models for TDOA estimation,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., 2015.
[15]
Ü. Baysal and R.L. Moses, “On the geometry of isotropic arrays,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1469–1478, 2003.
[16]
U. Oktel and R.L. Moses, “Source localization with isotropic arrays,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 501–504, 2004.
[17]
J.K. Nielsen, T.L. Jensen, J.R. Jensen, M.G. Christensen, and S.H. Jensen, “Grid size selection for nonlinear least-squares optimisation in spectral estimation and array processing,” in Proc. European Signal Processing Conf., 2016.
[18]
S.M. Kay, Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, Volume I: Estimation Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall PTR, Mar. 1993.
[19]
F. Crosilla and A. Beinat, “Use of generalised procrustes analysis for the photogrammetric block adjustment by independent models,” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 195–209, 2002.
[20]
M.A. Koschat and D.F. Swayne, “A weighted Procrustes criterion,” Psychometrika, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 229–239, 1991.
[21]
E.A.P. Habets, “Room impulse response generator,” 2010, Ver. 2.0.20100920.
Index Terms
- Loudspeaker and Listening Position Estimation Using Smart Speakers
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
Investigating the impact of automated transcripts on non-native speakers' listening comprehension
ICMI '16: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal InteractionReal-time transcripts generated by automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies hold potential to facilitate non-native speakers’ (NNSs) listening comprehension. While introducing another modality (i.e., ASR transcripts) to NNSs provides ...
Optimizing the similarity of loudspeaker-room responses in multiple listening positions
A shortcoming of multichannel sound reproduction standards, such as stereo or 5.1 surround, is their incompatibility with multiple off-axis listening positions. Accurate reproduction of virtual sound sources can only be experienced in the sweet spot, ...
Virtual Sound Rendering in a Stereophonic Loudspeaker Setup
This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the effects of interchannel amplitude and time differences in two channel (stereophonic) sound systems. The analysis is developed by computing the acoustic conditions at the listener's ears as a function of ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
Apr 2018
17916 pages
Copyright © 2018.
Publisher
IEEE Press
Publication History
Published: 15 April 2018
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 0Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)0
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 03 Jan 2025