skip to main content
research-article

UNMAT

Published: 01 August 2017 Publication History

Abstract

Graph sampling, simplying the networks while preserving primary graph characteristics, provides a convenient means for exploring large network. During the last few years a variety of graph sampling algorithms have been proposed, and the evaluation and comparison of the algorithms has witnessed a growing interest. Although different tests have been conducted, an important aspect of graph sampling, namely, uncertainty in graph sampling, has been ignored so far. Additionally, existing studies mainly rely on simple statistical analysis and a few relatively small datasets. They may not be applicable to other more complicated graphs with much larger numbers of nodes and edges. Furthermore, while graph clustering is becoming increasingly important, it is still unknown how different sampling algorithms and their associated uncertainty can impact the subsequent graph analysis, such as graph clustering. In this work, we propose an efficient visual analytics framework for measuring the uncertainty from different graph sampling methods and quantifying the influence of the uncertainty in general graph analysis procedures. A spreadsheet-style visualization with rich user interactions is presented to facilitate visual comparison and analysis of multiple graph sampling algorithms. Our framework helps users gain a better understanding of the graph sampling methods in producing uncertainty information. The framework also makes it possible for users to quickly evaluate graph sampling algorithms and select the most appropriate one for their applications.

References

[1]
D. Rafiei, S. Curial, Effectively visualizing large networks through sampling, 2005.
[2]
Y.-Y. Ahn, S. Han, H. Kwak, S. Moon, H. Jeong, Analysis of topological characteristics of huge online social networking services, 2007.
[3]
L. Lovsz, Random walks on graphs: a survey, Combinatorics, 2 (1993) 1-46.
[4]
A. Mislove, M. Marcon, K.P. Gummadi, P. Druschel, B. Bhattacharjee, Measurement and analysis of online social networks, 2007.
[5]
J. Leskovec, C. Faloutsos, Sampling from large graphs, 2006.
[6]
T. Wang, Y.C.Z. Zhang, T. Xu, L. Jin, P. Hui, B. Deng, X. Li, Understanding graph sampling algorithms for social network analysis, 2011.
[7]
Y. Wu, N. Cao, D. Archambault, Q. Shen, H. Qu, W. Cui, Evaluation of graph sampling: a visualization perspective, IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics, 23 (2017) 401-410.
[8]
M.H. Ramsey, Sampling as a source of measurement uncertainty: techniques for quantification and comparison with analytical sources, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 13 (1998) 97-104.
[9]
S.E. Schaeffer, Graph clustering, Comput. Sci. Rev., 1 (2007) 27-64.
[10]
M. Gjoka, M. Kurant, C.T. Butts, A. Markopoulou, Walking in facebook: a case study of unbiased sampling of OSNs, 2010.
[11]
B. Ribeiro, D. Towsley, Estimating and sampling graphs with multidimensional random walks, 2010.
[12]
T. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Zhang, P. Sun, B. Deng, X. Li, Unbiased sampling in directed social graph, ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 40 (2010) 401-402.
[13]
D. Xiu, Numerical methods for stochastic computations: a Spectral method approach, Princeton University Press, 2010.
[14]
M. Kleiber, T.D. Hien, The stochastic finite element method: basic perturbation technique and computer implementation, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
[15]
C.D. Correa, Y.-H. Chan, K.-L. Ma, A framework for uncertainty-aware visual analytics, 2009.
[16]
W.K. Liu, T. Belytschko, A. Mani, Random field finite elements, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 23 (1986) 1831-1845.
[17]
F. Yamazaki, M. Shinozuka, G. Dasgupta, Neumann expansion for stochastic finite-element analysis, J. Eng. Mech., 114 (1988) 1335-1354.
[18]
D. Xiu, J.S. Hesthaven, High-order collocation methods for differential equations with random inputs, SIAM J. Scient. Comput., 27 (2005) 1118-1139.
[19]
A.T. Pang, C.M. Wittenbrink, S.K. Lodha, Approaches to uncertainty visualization, Vis. Comput., 13 (1996) 370-390.
[20]
C.R. Johnson, A.R. Sanderson, A next step: visualizing errors and uncertainty, IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 23 (2003) 6-10.
[21]
C. Olston, J.D. Mackinlay, Visualizing data with bounded uncertainty, 2002.
[22]
S. Deitrick, R. Edsall, The influence of uncertainty visualization on decision making: an empirical evaluation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006.
[23]
J. Thomson, B. Hetzlera, A. MacEachrenb, M. Gaheganb, M. Pavel, A typology for visualizing uncertainty, 2005.
[24]
T. Zuk, S. Carpendale, Visualization of uncertainty and reasoning, 2007.
[25]
Y. Wu, G.-X. Yuan, K.-L. Ma, Visualizing flow of uncertainty through analytical processes, IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics, 18 (2012) 2526-2535.
[26]
D. Feng, L. Kwock, Y. Lee, R. Taylor, Matching visual saliency to confidence in plots of uncertain data, IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics, 16 (2010) 980-989.
[27]
K. Potter, J. Kniss, R. Riesenfeld, C. Johnson, Visualizing summary statistics and uncertainty, Comput. Graphics Forum, 29 (2010) 823-832.
[28]
J. Sanyal, S. Zhang, G. Bhattacharya, P. Amburn, R. Moorhead, A user study to compare four uncertainty visualization methods for 1d and 2d datasets, IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics, 15 (2009) 1209-1218.
[29]
T. Zuk, S. Carpendale, Theoretical analysis of uncertainty visualizations, 2006.
[30]
J. Leskovec, A. Krevl, SNAP Datasets: Stanford large network dataset collection, 2014, (http://snap.stanford.edu/data).
[31]
J. Leskovec, R. Sosi, Snap.py: SNAP for Python, a general purpose network analysis and graph mining tool in Python, 2014, (http://snap.stanford.edu/snappy).

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing  Volume 41, Issue C
August 2017
141 pages

Publisher

Academic Press, Inc.

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 August 2017

Author Tags

  1. Graph sampling
  2. Spread-sheet visualization
  3. Uncertainty

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • 0
    Total Citations
  • 0
    Total Downloads
  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 06 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media