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Dagomba people

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Category:Dagomba people
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A Dagombas bee Dagbamba e la Ghana bal noba[1] ane Togo. Ba noɔre pare la 3.1 miliyoŋ noba.[2] A yelbiri Dagbamba yɔle kyaare la zĩĩ nobamine Naa Gbewaa naŋ da koɔle lantaa ka ba e boŋyeni a poɔ Mamprusi ane Nanumba. Ba boɔlɔ la a Dagomba paaloŋ ka Dagbon[3][4] ka ba yele Dagbanli kɔkɔre.[5][6] Dagbanli la kɔkɔre ba naŋ yele yaga a northern Ghana poɔ ane Ghana kɔkɔɛ ayi soba yelluu naŋ pore. Dagbanli poɔ la a Mabia (Mole-Dagbani) gbuli bile yi a Gur kɔkɔɛ poɔ, kɔkɔ-yitaa gbuli kpoŋ West Africa poɔ. A Dagomba dire la mapare ane saa pare kyɛŋe bee gbandiruŋ.[7]

A Dagomba e la noba naŋ taa emmo, kanyiri ane tuori deebo ko yipɔge tɛɛtɛɛ ane sagedeebo ŋmemɛ. Ba ŋmempuoraa e la a Dagbon Traditional Religion, kyɛ ba kpɛ ne la Islam kyɛre fĩĩ na ta yuomo kɔɔre pie. A 1600s vuo poɔ, King Zanjina, la Na fɔrɔ naŋ piili Islam puoruu.[8] Zanjina naaŋ vuo yuo la gbɛɛŋmɛ soŋ yaga. Zanne ziiri yaga yuoe la ane ka sommo kyɔɔtaa leɛ e ba saaŋkonnoŋ nimizeɛ kyɛlee ushered in an era of greater prosperity. 1700 poɔ, a yuniveniti teŋɛ Moliyili da mɛɛ la,[9][10] kyɛ ka ba da ta soga teɛ o bare a European colonization wagere. A Dagomba da ba sage a European Colonization ane saŋa na gba Germany naŋ wa eŋ vũũ ba teŋkpoŋ poɔ a zeŋ be, Yendi[11][12] naŋ be a Eastern Dagbon (Naya) poɔ.

A Dagomba e la Africa noba fĩĩ na mine naŋ maŋ de naaloŋ yoe ko pɔgeba. Dagomba pɔgeba maŋ de la naaloŋ noba zu, a zeŋ naaloŋ kogo ne o potuuribo naŋ e dɔba, a so teŋgama naŋ senne.[13][14][15][16] O pɔgeba tɔnɔ e la o toɔraa ane ba naŋ dɔge Ghana minisa fɔrɔ naŋ e pɔge,[17][18] ane Africa kabinet minisa fɔrɔ naŋ e pɔge.[19][20] Yipɔge yelkorɔ eŋɛ, ba bipɔge yuori, Yennenga, ba korɔ o la emmo wuli ka ona la a Mossi kingdoms[21][22][23] "ma", noba naŋ zeŋ kyɛre fĩĩ na kɔlage a Burkina Faso paaloŋ posentaa. A Gundo Naa la dɔba zaa naŋ e Namine neŋkpoŋ, ane a Zosimli Naa la kaara noɔreyeni zemmo Dagbon tembeɛrɛ eŋɛ ane o mabi-tenne.[24][25]

A Dagombas mɛ la sakue yaga sɛre ka a European wa kpɛ Africa. Ganzanne zie ŋa naŋ kɔɔre kyɛ ka o yuori yaare la a university town of Moliyili, ba naŋ mɛ 1700 poɔ.[9][10] Moliyili taa la wederoŋ gbɛre naŋ sugli taa yinni lɛ na a ziyuo yuniveniti deni naŋ waa. A Dagomba taa la sɛgerɛ tuuruŋ,[26] a Dagbani sɛgere, naŋ tona ne Arabic sɛgebileɛre kyɛ e Dagbani sɛgebo merɛ.[10] A ɛlɔtorɔne sɛgebie bɔrɛɛ la, kyɛ ba leɛre la a kpoŋ zie eŋ Denmark. Ba naŋ wa kpɛ Gold Coast a e noba nempɛɛle na ba de ba weɛ (not colony), a Dagombas tɔgle de la Greek ane Latin sɛgebie.[27][28]

Ba de la pɔgeba saazuŋ, ka bibiiri zoro pɔgeba suuri iruu ane bone ba naŋ maŋ e ka a suuriŋ wa iri. Beɛrmine maŋ gu la kpeɛmine tegeroŋ lɛ na zaa naŋ la.[29][30] A Dagombas e la noba fĩĩ na mine Africa poɔ, naŋ taa Na pɔgeba naŋ so teŋgama naŋ senne a di wederoŋ nabidɔba zu. Ba boɔlɛɛ taa zĩĩ noba ka "Mabihili". Ka a dɔba ne a pɔgeba zaa boɔlɔ mabi-taa ka Mabia (ma bie), naŋ wulo a ma tɔnɔ. Ma teŋɛ ka ba boɔlɔ Mayili ane saa teŋɛ Bayili. A yelbiri ŋa Mabihili ba taa Bɔrefɔ yelbiri.

Dagomba laŋkpeɛbo poɔ, ŋmemɛ yaga be la be (boŋyeni: wuni, yageroŋ: wuna).[31] A ŋmemɛ ŋa zaa naa (Naa) la Naawuni.[32][33] Teŋɛ zaa maŋ taa la ŋmemɛ puori (buɣli). A seŋ, Tolon noba ŋmempuoraa la Jaagbo,[34][35] ka Nyankpala meŋ e Wonoyili. Bagebogereba (baɣa) gyɛmaa be la be noba naŋ maŋ gaa peɛre baga ane lɛ ba naŋ na baŋ e maale ba yelwonni.[36] Ba bageboge gɔɔroŋ kyɛnnoo dire la ma pare.

Kirista ŋmempuoreba lambore yaga kpoŋ zie mɔ fãã la na kyili a Dagomba.[37][38] Kyɛ ane a lɛ zaa, a Dagomba naŋ kyogi la puoro o saaŋkonnoŋ ŋmempuori ane Islam. Islam Dagomba wa kpeɛbo wane la gbɛ soŋ,[39][40] kyɛ ka Europeans wane kiritaaloŋ, a wa nyigi ba tembeɛrɛ kyɛ kare a noba bare ziyobo.[41][42] Zenɛ, a Dagomba de la teŋgama ko kiristaaloŋ ŋmeŋyelmanneba ka ba na tona ba toma. Kyɛ ka Islamic sakue ba ferɛ sakuubiiri ka ba na puori bee gaa musiri. Kiristabiiri sakue vɛŋ la ka puoruu e feroo bone ko sakuubiiri zaa, ane gba noba naŋ yi a Dagbon Traditional Religion ane Islam.

A Dagombas dire la tigiri naŋ kori Ghana poɔ, a poɔ Fire Festival, naŋ daŋ bebe sɛre ka Dagbon Kingdom wa mɛ. A tigie mine meŋ la Damba Festival, Kpiini Tigiri (Kpini Chuɣu) ane Waare Tigiri (Nyuli Dibu), Konyuri Chuɣu (Eid Al-Fitr), Chimsi Chuɣu (Eid AL-Adha).[36] Tigi-bilii mine meŋ ba naŋ maŋ di poɔ a la a Daa Tigiri (Daa Chuɣu) Tolon noba naŋ maŋ di.

A Dagomba la mɛ a Dagbon Kingdom.[43] Saaŋkonnoŋ yelkorɔ poɔ, ba ne Mossi noba naŋ be Burkina Faso poɔ laŋ la baaloŋ.Yennenga la mɛ a Mossi Kingdoms, Naa Gbewaa bipɔge. A Mohi/Mossi taa la ba teŋyiraa central Burkina Faso poɔ. A yi a Mossi puoriŋ, a Dagomba la a Bouna zenzie[44] naŋ be a Ivory Coast poɔ mɛmereba ane a Dagaaba kpɛzie naŋ be a Ɔpa Wɛse Irigyiŋ poɔ, Ghana. A Dagomba, Dagbon, teŋyiraa kɔlage la vuo naŋ ta ŋa 20,000 km2 gbaŋgbale.

Naa Gbewaa la mɛ a Dagbon Kingdom. Dagombas naŋ da bebe sɛre Naa Gbewaa da kpeɛrɛ la zi-tɛɛtɛɛ poɔ. Gbewaa, ane o potuuribo la wa zeŋ ziyeni mɛ a Dagomba Naa paaloŋ. Tindaamba (Tendaamba) la da e a zi-tɛɛtɛɛ deme wederebɛ. Zenɛ, a Tindaamba naŋ taa la a saŋa na Dagbon saaŋkonnoŋ ba naŋ de yi neŋkorɔ zie, a tuuro saaŋkonnoŋ ŋmempuori soe ane maala yelbawontaa ne yelwonni ba laŋkpeɛbo poɔ. Yaa Naa naane maŋ kaa-iri a Tindaamba, soɔ soba la maŋ iri ba. Kyɛnnoo bee gbandiruŋ e la ma pare ane saa pare. Nabiiluŋ Dagbon poɔ e la yelgyɛŋgyere aŋa o naŋ yɔ yi yuomo kɔɔre baa wa ta ŋa. Dagomba e la a bal na kaŋa na taa yelkããyeli gyɛŋgyere saaŋkonnoŋ naŋ wuo eŋ gaŋgare eŋɛ ane yielŋmɛ bomma mine eŋɛ. A lɛ na, Dagbon yelkorɔ toɔle yi la saaŋkonnoŋ yelkããyeli poɔ ne kyeloo, ne gaŋgaŋmeɛreba naŋ taa a gɔɔroŋ karegyuu ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka Lunsi.[45] A yi saaŋkonnoŋ yelkããyeli poɔ, a Dagbon politikal yelkorɔ taa la o yizie gandaa ŋa ba naŋ boɔlɔ ka Tohazie (ba naŋ leɛre ka "red hunter") nyɔvore yɛlɛ poɔ.[46]

Dagombas puoro la Islam ane a Dagbon Traditional Religion zaa. Soninke la da wane Islam a irigyiŋ (Ghana deme naŋ boɔlɔ Wangara) boŋkoɔreba yi a 12th ane 15th yuomo kɔɔre. A yi Naa Zanjina wagere waana ŋa, Islam e la ba ŋmempuoraa a yi lɛ meŋ, Islam e la bone naŋ baara duoro yaga zaa.[47] Afa Ajura puoruu yelerre a yuomo kɔɔre 20 poɔ vɛŋ la ka a yideme zaa tuori de a Islamic ŋmene yaga. Kyɛnnoo bee gbannoo a Dagomba noba poɔ yaga bee kpoŋ zie e la ba bee saa pare, ane a lɛ zaa, Tindaamba mine kyɛnnoo bee gbannoo e la ma pare. Pɔge Namine meŋ be la be, a zeŋ nakogiri zu, ka dɔba e potuuribo, aseŋ a Gundo Naa ane a Kpatu Naa. A Gundo Naa taa la teŋgane naŋ e kpoŋ ane Dagbon pɔge namine zaa zuzeɛ. O nimize-tige mine la Damba, Bugum (vũũ tigiri) ana a Islamic Eid Tige. A Dagomba zenzikpoŋ la Tamale, Ghana nensaale zɔŋ ziiri ata soba ane a Northern Irigyiŋ teŋkpoŋ.

A Mossi ane Dagomba kpɛziiri poɔ la a West African yuomo 500 te tɔ 1500 AD pare zeŋ ziiri. Naŋ piili a yuomo kɔɔre 12th poɔ, a baaraa zaa ba leɛ la wederebɛ a kaa a northern Volta basin teŋgane zaa, zenɛ naŋ poɔ northern Ghana zaa ane Burkina Faso. Ba northern yɛlloo buyi sobaŋ, a Mossi yɛlloo ta la eastern Maasina ane Lake Débo. 1400, Benka c poɔ. 1433 ane Walata 1477-83 poɔ (a zenziiri ama da be la zenɛ Mali poɔ). Aseŋ Illiasu (1971) naŋ yeli o toma poɔ. A Mossi-Dagomba zenziiri yizie, a Mossi-Dagomba buyi soba vuo ŋmaa la gbɛre ne ba naŋ wa tõɔ leɛ wane Imperial Songhai faŋa kyaare ne a yuomo kɔɔre 15th pɔgebo. Ane a zaa ka a Mossi-Dagomba kpɛzie taa la saaŋkoma boŋyeni (Naa Gbewa), a Dagomba maŋ nyɛ la saaŋkonnoŋ emmo a e "zudereba" ko a Mossi zenzie Ouagadougou, Yatenga ane Fada N'Gourma.

Yiibu zie

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The National Archives UK - CO 1069-43-87-1-001

A Dagombas kpɛ la Northern poɔ pare yuomo kɔɔre kɔɔ. A naaloŋ gbɛre nabiiri mine e la Naa Gbewaa booree, saaŋkommine naŋ da zeŋ Lake Chad gbaŋgbale seŋ iri saŋa na wɛloo na da wa kpɛ a Ghana yiŋmane a yuomo kɔɔre 13th baaraa eŋɛ.[48][49] Ka Gbewaa sɛ a Dagomba noba lantaa eŋ yiŋmane poɔ. Namine naŋ e Gbewaa booree la a Nanima (bayageroŋ: Naa) ane saŋkoŋkori namine la a Tindaamba (bayageroŋ: Tindana).[50] Namine mine meŋ naŋ e nimizeɛ la Tolon Namine, Kumbungu ane Gulkpeɣu (Tamale) ka a pɔge ba e Gbewaa booree.[51]

Dagbon yiŋmane

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Atekele meŋɛ: Kingdom of Dagbon

Dagomba teŋɛ ka ba boɔlɔ Dagbon o kɔlage la saase naŋ ta ŋa 20,000 km2. A Dagbon tembilii da yaarɛɛ la te ta saŋa na a Nanima sɛ-lantakpoŋ naŋ da wa e. A Dagomba taa la nɔpole ne baaloŋ noba ba meŋ teŋgama naŋ da sɛlantaa. Ka ba mine la a Mamprusi, Nanumba, Gonja, Mossi, Gurunsi ( a gaŋ a zaa Frafra ane Kusasi noba), a Wala noba ane Ligbi. A saase gbaŋgbale taa la adminiteeti desekyere pie ane anaare a zenɛ Ghana poɔ. Ka ana la Tamale Metropolitan, Yendi, Savelugu an Sagnerigu munisipals, ane Tolon, Kumbungu, Nanton, Gushegu, Karaga, Zabzugu, Saboba, Sang, Tatale ane Cheriponi desekyere. A Naa ko a Dagbon Traditional Kingdom la a Ya-Na, o nazaŋe ane adminiteeti teŋkpoŋ naŋ be Yendi poɔ. Dagbon naŋ e yiŋmane, neɛzaa daaŋ ba wa zɔɔ di naaŋ ba zu zaa te ta saŋa na a Gold Coast gɔmenante naŋ wa de o poɔ o paaloŋ poɔ, ka o e o paaloŋ kyɛlee. A Dagbon Yiŋmane taa la saaŋkonnoŋ adminiteeti tonnɔɛ ko boorɔ naŋ ba taa wederebɛ wa tɔ ŋaaŋ aŋa a Konkomba, Bimoba, Chekosi, Basaari, Chamba, Wala, Gurusi ane Zantasi. A Dagombas taa la sikyiri nɔmmo ane emmo ko ana boorɔ ŋa. A Dagbon Yaa Naa bee Naa kogi (mundɛdɛrɛɛ leɛroo na e "King of Absolute Power") e la gbeŋini ane naabo gbama delantaa. A lɛ na, a Dagbon bee o politikal tuuruŋ gbɛɛ yaga ba naŋ maŋ boɔle ka a Yendi Gbane (not throne or crown or stool). A Dagomba yelsooraa kaŋa la maale la ba maŋ mɛ la ba deri ka a kyɔntutaa tuubo kaŋa ka a naa bee a dɔɔ kpoŋ die mɛ a soga.

Naaloŋ

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A Dagomba yelsoore zu kaŋa la naaloŋ ba laŋkpeɛbo poɔ. Ba naaloŋ tuuruŋ e ŋa dare, ka a Yaa Naa, bee Nakpoŋ, be a zu ane nabilii suglitaa aseŋ ba naŋ seŋ ka ba tutaa lɛ o puliŋ. Dagbon poɔ, namine lesiri poɔ maŋ zeŋ la gbama naŋ suglitaa zu eŋɛ.[52]

Dagomba Nentegerɛ Mine

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SamataAngelAward08

Samata Angel

Уорис

Abdul Majeed Waris

Rocky Dawuni

Rocky Dawuni

Alhaji Aliu Mahama

Aliu Mahama

Sherifatu Gunu

Sherifa Gunu

Atekele meŋɛ: Noba naŋ yi Dagbon pɛll

Kaa kyɛ meŋ nyɛ

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Sommo Yizie

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  1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dagomba
  2. ↑ http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/ghana-population/
  3. ↑ https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/country-and-the-people/77D19E9948644B3F5643277E7EF9BCF4
  4. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/182644
  5. ↑ https://sites.tufts.edu/dagomba/about-the-dagomba/
  6. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240303060935/https://www.exploring-africa.com/en/ghana/dagomba/dagomba-history-dagbon-kingdom
  7. ↑ https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6acd160.html
  8. ↑ http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-11_The_Chieftaincy_of_Naa_Zanjina.html
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777_Science_and_Technology_in_18th_Century_Moliyili_Dagomba_and_the_Timbuktiu_Intellectual_Tradition
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021934706286905?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.8
  11. ↑ https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/yendi-s-german-cemetery-resting-place-for-fallen-soldiers-in-dagbon-battle.html
  12. ↑ http://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/fdkn-122532
  13. ↑ https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Female-Chiefs-in-Dagbon-Traditional-Area.pdf
  14. ↑ https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Female-Chiefs-in-Dagbon-Traditional-Area.pdf
  15. ↑ https://artandfeminism.org/edit_a_thon/role-of-female-chiefs-in-dagbon-traditional-area/
  16. ↑ https://www.sanatuzambang.info/2020/01/14/female-chiefs-in-dagbon-gundo-naa-holds-their-authority-and-influence/
  17. ↑ https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/17/january-17-1997-ghanas-first-woman-minister-mrs-susanna-al-hassan-passes-away
  18. ↑ https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Meet-Susan-Alhassan-the-first-Ghanaian-woman-to-be-appointed-minister-1725440
  19. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231027181841/https://myinfo.com.gh/2023/03/meet-susanna-al-hassan-africas-first-female-cabinet-minister/
  20. ↑ https://www.eaumf.org/ejm-blog/2018/1/17/january-17-1997-ghanas-first-woman-minister-mrs-susanna-al-hassan-passes-away
  21. ↑ https://www.dw.com/en/princess-yennenga-ancestor-of-the-mossi-people-of-burkina-faso/a-56976104
  22. ↑ https://africaaccessreview.org/2019/02/yenenga-the-dagomba-princess/
  23. ↑ http://www.ontheshoulders1.com/1/post/2022/04/princess-yennenga-mother-of-the-mossi.html
  24. ↑ https://www.radiotamaleonline.com/sister-cities-tamale-calls-on-gulkpe-naa-to-investigate-zosomli-naas-auctioned-medical-supplies-case/
  25. ↑ https://zaaradio.com/local/cultivating-empowerment-and-leadership-in-women-and-girls-has-always-been-my-focus-zosimli-naa-ii/
  26. ↑ https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/32937
  27. ↑ https://universeofmemory.com/dagbani-language-resources/
  28. ↑ https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dagbani.htm
  29. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231021224247/https://documentingghana.com/2018/10/19/female-chiefs-of-dagbon-by-eric-gyamfi/
  30. ↑ https://icermediation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Gendered-Language-as-an-Obscured-Causal-Factor-of-the-Dagbon-Chieftaincy-Conflict-in-Northern-Ghana-Abukari-Ridwan.pdf
  31. ↑ http://www.johnchernoff.com/assets/Spiritual_Foundations_of_Dagbamba_Religion_and_Culture.pdf
  32. ↑ http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-19_The_Dagbamba_Belief_in_God_web_chapter.html
  33. ↑ https://www.godchecker.com/african-mythology/WUNI/
  34. ↑ https://www.grocentre.is/static/gro/publication/413/document/wahabu2013.pdf
  35. ↑ https://sacredland.org/jachie-jaagbo-groves-ghana-africa/
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 http://www.johnchernoff.com/assets/Spiritual_Foundations_of_Dagbamba_Religion_and_Culture.pdf
  37. ↑ https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1135&context=dmin
  38. ↑ https://archtamale.org/index.php/the-beginnings-of-catholic-evangelization-in-tamale-archdiocese/
  39. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350022189_ISLAM_POLITICS_AND_DEVELOPMENT_NEGOTIATING_THE_FUTURE_OF_DAGBON
  40. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/20836938
  41. ↑ https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=34747
  42. ↑ https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lions-of-dagbon/dagomba-divided-and-united-18991930/947BE3186E275E9A9DD49F1B7D247080
  43. ↑ https://sites.tufts.edu/dagomba/about-the-dagomba/
  44. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bouna
  45. ↑ https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=339538228
  46. ↑ St.John Parsons, D. 1968, Legends of Northern Ghana. London : Longmans.
  47. ↑ A. K. Awedoba; Edward Salifu Mahama; Sylvanus M. A. Kuuire; Felix Longi (October 20, 2010). An Ethnographic Study of Northern Ghanaian Conflicts: Towards a Sustainable Peace. Sub-Saharan Publishers; revised edition. ASIN 9988647387.
  48. ↑ http://197.255.68.203/handle/123456789/8141
  49. ↑ https://www.virtualkollage.com/2017/10/-the-pre-colonial-political-orgaization-of-the-mole-dagbani-ethnic-group-of-ghana.html?m=1
  50. ↑ http://www.adrummerstestament.com/2/2-05_The_Yaa-Naa_and_the_Yendi_Elders.html
  51. ↑ http://udsspace.uds.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/3058/1/ENSKINMENT%20OF%20TENDAMBA%20AND%20ITS%20IMPLICATIONS%20ON%20THE%20ECONOMIC%20ACTIVITIES%20OF%20THE%20DEVELOPMENT%20OF%20TAMALE%20METROPOLIS%20IN%20THE%20NORTHERN%20REGION%20OF%20GHANA.pdf
  52. ↑ https://sites.tufts.edu/dagomba/about-the-dagomba/
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