Papers by Mahmoud Mardini
Field Sampling for Laboratory Analysis in Archaeology, The Cyprus Institute, 2023
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
The current paper presents one of the first bioarchaeological studies on dental disease and dieta... more The current paper presents one of the first bioarchaeological studies on dental disease and dietary patterns in coastal Phoenicia during the Roman period, focus- ing on the dentition of 145 adults from the contemporary and geographically proximal sites of Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre. Pathological conditions of the oral cavity and dental wear were used to assess intra-assemblage and inter-assemblage differences. Byblos in almost all instances exhibited higher levels of dental dis- eases and wear than Beirut and Tyre, suggesting a greater consumption of carbo- hydrates but also poorer oral hygiene and greater mechanical stress (dental wear) in this community. This difference between Beirut/Tyre and Byblos may be explained by the politico-economic status of these cities as textual sources high- light the economic and political prowess of Beirut and Tyre due to their status as colonia. In addition, within each assemblage females generally exhibited higher caries (and associated periapical cavities and ante-mortem tooth loss) than males. Although dental caries may be linked to nondietary factors, these patterns may support a more cariogenic diet for females in agreement with literary accounts reciting gender-based divisions in Roman society, at least to the extent that these would manifest in dietary patterns. The findings from this study offer important insights into major and understudied communities along the Phoenician coast. Yet, further research is required, employing complementary methods (e.g., isotopic analysis and dental calculus microdebris) and including larger datasets of Roman Phoenician assemblages.
The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) has been the setting of significant societal and... more The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) has been the setting of significant societal and cultural changes over millennia, and served as a connecting point for cultures across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Bioarchaeology, the contextual study of past human remains, explores the dynamic relationship between and within biological, natural, environmental, socio-political, historical, and physical forces; as such, it has found important applications in the EMME. This paper briefly outlines the history of bioarchaeological research in the region and highlights contemporary themes and trends. The latter follow the research trends in Europe and North America with a focus on palaeopathology, followed by dietary reconstructions, activity patterns, and mobility. Emphasis is placed on the extent to which bioarchaeology in the EMME has adopted the concept of intersectionality, which is especially pertinent in the region, but also the degree to which it has explored key issues with contemporary significance, such as migration, structural violence, and climate change. The above concepts and topics can indeed be identified in EMME bioarchaeological studies over the past few years; however, intersectionality and structural violence are almost exclusively addressed implicitly, while all four themes should receive more attention in the future so that they enhance the understanding of these processes in the EMME with greater spatial and temporal resolution.
Journal of Archaeological Sciences: Reports, 2023
Given their geographic location and political stability, Tyre, Beirut, and Byblos were major admi... more Given their geographic location and political stability, Tyre, Beirut, and Byblos were major administrative and commercial centers along the Levantine coast during the Roman period. While archaeological research from Byblos suggests that the city prospered under Roman rule, it was mostly overshadowed by its coastal neighbors, Beirut and Tyre. In this paper we analyze the biodistances within and between three contemporary (1st–4th century AD) human skeletal assemblages from Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre. Dental measurements and nonmetric traits were recorded on 97 individuals. Both individual- and group-level analyses were performed; the individual- level analysis was based on PERMANOVA/PERMDISP using Gower distances, whereas the group-level analysis was based both on Gower distances and a Mahalanobis-type distance for mixed continuous and binary data. The results showed that Tyre and Beirut were more heterogeneous, that is, they exhibited higher intra-assemblage distances; this pattern was more prominent in Tyre. The inter-assemblage biodistances supported a relative proximity between Tyre and Beirut, followed by some affinity between Beirut and Byblos. In contrast, Tyre and Byblos were very divergent. The historical sources and literary texts support the idea that Beirut and Tyre, as key Roman colonies and commercial hubs in the Eastern Mediterranean, had high levels of mobility when compared to other coastal cities such as Byblos. Although more research is required, the integration of biodistance data with historical narratives has wide-reaching implications, especially in regions of the Eastern Mediterranean where human bioarchaeological research is actively developing.
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2022
This paper presents SrIsoMed, an open access and open source searchable database of published 87 ... more This paper presents SrIsoMed, an open access and open source searchable database of published 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values from countries that have coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean has been characterized by pronounced human mobility at different regional scales, as well as extensive material cultural networks, making it a prime area for strontium isotopic analyses for palaeomobility and provenance studies. SrIsoMed follows the example of several recent initiatives that have compiled isotopic data in searchable web-based databases, and its interactive maps and search functionalities are anticipated to make it an important research tool. With this paper we wish not only to increase the visibility and subsequent use of this database, but also to invite scholars to contribute data and bring to our attention omissions or suggestions for further future improvement.
Bulletin d’archéologie et d’architecture libanaises, 2022
Zooarchaeological assemblages from Mount Lebanon are virtually non-existent, so the human-animal ... more Zooarchaeological assemblages from Mount Lebanon are virtually non-existent, so the human-animal relationships in addition to animal husbandry practices are almost completely unknown in the Lebanese highlands and in the current archaeological research. A preliminary analysis has been conducted on Qornet ed-Deir’s (Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve) multi-period faunal assemblage recovered during the 2017 and 2018 excavation seasons. The analysis of the faunal assemblage from Qornet ed-Deir tentatively suggests an economy that is heavily domestic and geared towards a small-scale but well-organised system of caprine management with very limited dependency on cattle management. Despite the rich faunal availability within the periphery of Jabal Moussa, it seems that wild animals played a very limited role in the interaction with Qornet ed-Deir’s inhabitants. Further archaeological soundings are currently being planned to take place at Qornet ed-Deir and it is expected that the current preliminary and tentative results from Jabal Moussa will be complemented by the addition of larger faunal samples.
Journal of Archaeological Science:Reports, 2022
The current paper presents Bi(bli)oArch-Italia, an initiative that forms a spin-off of Bi(bli)oAr... more The current paper presents Bi(bli)oArch-Italia, an initiative that forms a spin-off of Bi(bli)oArch (Nikita et al. 2021). Bi(bli)oArch-Italia is an open-access web-based bibliographic database for human bioarchaeology in Italy, a country with particularly rich history and archaeology, where bioarchaeological studies show considerable time depth and variability. Instead of being merged with the original Bi(bli)oArch database created by Nikita et al. (2021), which focuses on the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME), Bi(bli)oArch-Italia was developed as a separate database not only because of its geographic focus, which does not overlap with the EMME, but also to facilitate usability. In specific, Bi(bli)oArch-Italia allows users to explore what human bio- archaeological studies on Italian material have been published using search terms pertaining to the date and location of the assemblages and the themes examined (e.g. mobility, diet). The aim is to promote the meta- analysis of human bioarchaeological patterns within Italy but also enhance the use of Italian data in comparative analyses across the Mediterranean or beyond by facilitating international scholars in finding the titles of available studies. Many of the publications are in Italian and, very importantly, have been disseminated in graduate theses, national conference proceedings, and monograph appendices, greatly reducing their findability. Bi(bli)oArch-Italia currently contains 1,216 titles and will be continuously expanding. One of the aims of this paper is to make this initiative known and invite scholars internationally to contribute to it. Finally, this paper briefly outlines broad patterns in Italian bioarchaeology as revealed through the papers that are currently included in this database
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2022
The current paper presents one of the first bioarchaeological studies on living conditions in Ven... more The current paper presents one of the first bioarchaeological studies on living conditions in Venetian and Ottoman Cyprus, focusing on two largely contemporary and geographically proximal assemblages: Ayia Napa Monastery and Panagia Panagiotissa chapel. Both assemblages exhibited high infant mortality and small life span; however, the Panagia Panagiotissa assemblage showed a greater frequency of palaeopathological lesions and nonspecific stress markers, suggesting greater hardship in this rural group. This pattern supports that living conditions may have been more heterogeneous than one would assume in rural Cyprus. Further research is required, encompassing more assemblages across the island and addressing issues regarding the degree to which these groups may not represent exclusively members of the rural Cypriot community, before these results can be generalized. Nonetheless, the patterns revealed from this study set an important background on which to build our knowledge regarding living conditions in a little studied transitional period of the Cypriot history.
Free-access to article for 50 days:
https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1fm4D,rVDBbxPM
In Diversity in Archaeology: Proceedings of the Cambridge Annual Student Archaeology Conference 2020/2021. Archaeopress, 2022
Recent years have witnessed increased contributions of the application of archaeological sciences... more Recent years have witnessed increased contributions of the application of archaeological sciences in multi-disciplinary research projects, facilitating novel conversations across a broad range of topics. Extending beyond traditional archaeological narratives, such multi-disciplinary projects acknowledge that past human activities are inherently complex, thus they can only be comprehensively explored through the integration of multiple lines of evidence obtained from a variety of analyses associated with the archaeological sciences and other sources. In this session, we aimed to promote this collaborative model by welcoming topics and papers that build archaeological narratives through a multitude of approaches, including metallurgy, lithics, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, human osteoarchaeology, and archaeobotany, and highlight how these act synergistically with other sources to enhance our knowledge of the past. The utility of data from the archaeological sciences was demonstrated in refuting, adjusting, and generating new insights and syntheses about different archaeological themes.
Free pdf download below (personal use):
https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781803272818
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 39: 103151, 2021
The current paper presents Bi(bli)oArch, a free online bibliographic database for human bioarchae... more The current paper presents Bi(bli)oArch, a free online bibliographic database for human bioarchaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME); a geographic region at the crossroads of three continents and a melting pot of diverse civilizations throughout human evolution. The aim of Bi(bli)oArch is to promote human bioarchaeological studies in the region and facilitate meta-analyses by making the titles of available studies more easily findable by international scholars. At the moment, many publications are difficult to identify, as they appear in national languages of the region and/or in outputs such as national conference proceedings, graduate theses, and monograph appendices. This paper presents the main functionalities of Bi(bli)oArch, briefly outlines some key trends in EMME bioarchaeology as revealed through the 3,521 papers that are currently included in this database, and invites scholars working in the EMME to contribute to this initiative so that Bi(bli)oArch develops into a standard bibliographic bioarchaeological resource for the region.
Database can be found:
https://biblioarch.com
Bulletin d'Archéologie et d'Architecture Libanaises 14, 2010
Open Archaeology, 2020
The interdisciplinary project "Between Land and Sea" combines geological, geomorphological and pa... more The interdisciplinary project "Between Land and Sea" combines geological, geomorphological and paleo-environmental approaches to identify archaeological remains of the Chekka region (Lebanon). In order to record the topography of this area, the first ever scientific airborne LiDAR data acquisition in Lebanon was conducted in autumn 2018. This work describes not only the acquisition and processing of the LiDAR data, but also the attempt to derive possible archaeological sites from the generated elevation model based on methods for spatial analysis. Using an "inverted mound" (iMound) algorithm, areas of possible settlement structures could be identified, which were classified regarding their probability of a possible ancient site using a deductive predictive model. A preliminary validation of some of the detected favoured areas using high-resolution aerial images has shown that the methods applied can provide hints to previously undiscovered sites. It was possible to identify probable ancient wall remains at several detected locations. In addition, least-cost path analyses were performed to reconstruct possible trade and transport routes from the Lebanon Mountains to the Mediterranean coast. The combination of the results of the iMound detection and classification as well as the calculated path system could point to the strategic location of the modern village of Kfar Hazir as a kind of traffic junction. Moreover, reconstructed main transport routes provide indications of heavily frequented roads and may form the basis for further investigations. To validate the results, upcoming field surveys will be realized on site.
Bulletin d'Archeologie et d'Architecture Libanaises, 2018
SAS Bulletin Papers by Mahmoud Mardini
Society of Archaeological Sciences Bulletin, 2023
The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) Bulletin, 2023
https://socarchsci.blogspot.com/2023/03/human-bioarchaeology-and-public.html
The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) Bulletin, 2022
http://socarchsci.blogspot.com/2022/06/icas-emme-2022-conference-review.html
The Society for Archaeological Sciences (SAS) Bulletin, 2021
http://socarchsci.blogspot.com/2021/10/biblioarch-new-initiative-for-wider.html
Conference Sessions (Call for papers) by Mahmoud Mardini
The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region, as a cultural melting pot, has enticed archaeol... more The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East region, as a cultural melting pot, has enticed archaeological and scientific interest since the early 19th century, when Archaeology first developed as a discipline. Archaeological Sciences emerged later in the 20th century, bringing together a multitude of methodologies and approaches from both the humanities and natural sciences in order to better understand the complexities of past human societies and their interaction with the environment. This resulted in a plethora of multidisciplinary research initiatives, particularly in the context of international collaborations that both went beyond standard archaeological narratives and facilitated the formation of new debates on a wide range of topics and themes using various lines of evidence.
For the first time, the International Congress on Archaeological Sciences in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East will have a special session devoted to young researchers, entitled Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region. In an effort to promote the continued integration of archaeological sciences and archaeology, we invite graduate and post graduate students, whose studies focus on the EMME region and employ archaeological science-based approaches, such as archaeomaterials, archaeobotany, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology, to present their work.
This graduate session is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange of ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We are now accepting submissions and we look forward to your contributions.
A round table discussion will be held after the close of the Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region session. In this round table young researchers are welcome to share some of the challenges and opportunities associated with their research in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East as a means of developing and improving integrated approaches to archaeological sciences and archaeology in this region. The discussion will be centred around, but not limited to, science-based approaches in archaeological materials, environmental archaeology, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology.
This round table is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We look forward to discussing your research experiences.
Call for papers!!
Recent years have seen increased contributions by the application of archaeolo... more Call for papers!!
Recent years have seen increased contributions by the application of archaeological sciences in multi-disciplinary research projects, especially in the context of international collaborations facilitating the generation of new conversations across a broad range of topics. Extending beyond traditional archaeological narratives, these multi-disciplinary projects incorporate multiple lines of evidence obtained from a variety of analyses associated with the archaeological sciences. Since past human activities are inherently complex, they can only be divergently explored through the integration of the multi-dimensional qualities of archaeological sciences in association with established archaeological sources of evidence.
In this session, we aim to promote this collaborative model by welcoming topics that build archaeological narratives through a multitude of methods, including metallurgy, lithics, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, human osteoarchaeology, and archaeobotany, and highlight how these methods act synergistically with other sources to enhance our knowledge of the past. To demonstrate the diversity of projects and ideas, we seek papers from wide-ranging timelines and continents. Participants will demonstrate the utility of data from the archaeological sciences in refuting, adjusting, or generating new insights and syntheses about archaeological themes. We particularly encourage papers from international research collaborations.
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Papers by Mahmoud Mardini
Free-access to article for 50 days:
https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1fm4D,rVDBbxPM
Free pdf download below (personal use):
https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781803272818
Database can be found:
https://biblioarch.com
SAS Bulletin Papers by Mahmoud Mardini
Conference Sessions (Call for papers) by Mahmoud Mardini
For the first time, the International Congress on Archaeological Sciences in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East will have a special session devoted to young researchers, entitled Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region. In an effort to promote the continued integration of archaeological sciences and archaeology, we invite graduate and post graduate students, whose studies focus on the EMME region and employ archaeological science-based approaches, such as archaeomaterials, archaeobotany, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology, to present their work.
This graduate session is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange of ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We are now accepting submissions and we look forward to your contributions.
A round table discussion will be held after the close of the Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region session. In this round table young researchers are welcome to share some of the challenges and opportunities associated with their research in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East as a means of developing and improving integrated approaches to archaeological sciences and archaeology in this region. The discussion will be centred around, but not limited to, science-based approaches in archaeological materials, environmental archaeology, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology.
This round table is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We look forward to discussing your research experiences.
Recent years have seen increased contributions by the application of archaeological sciences in multi-disciplinary research projects, especially in the context of international collaborations facilitating the generation of new conversations across a broad range of topics. Extending beyond traditional archaeological narratives, these multi-disciplinary projects incorporate multiple lines of evidence obtained from a variety of analyses associated with the archaeological sciences. Since past human activities are inherently complex, they can only be divergently explored through the integration of the multi-dimensional qualities of archaeological sciences in association with established archaeological sources of evidence.
In this session, we aim to promote this collaborative model by welcoming topics that build archaeological narratives through a multitude of methods, including metallurgy, lithics, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, human osteoarchaeology, and archaeobotany, and highlight how these methods act synergistically with other sources to enhance our knowledge of the past. To demonstrate the diversity of projects and ideas, we seek papers from wide-ranging timelines and continents. Participants will demonstrate the utility of data from the archaeological sciences in refuting, adjusting, or generating new insights and syntheses about archaeological themes. We particularly encourage papers from international research collaborations.
Free-access to article for 50 days:
https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1fm4D,rVDBbxPM
Free pdf download below (personal use):
https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781803272818
Database can be found:
https://biblioarch.com
For the first time, the International Congress on Archaeological Sciences in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East will have a special session devoted to young researchers, entitled Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region. In an effort to promote the continued integration of archaeological sciences and archaeology, we invite graduate and post graduate students, whose studies focus on the EMME region and employ archaeological science-based approaches, such as archaeomaterials, archaeobotany, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology, to present their work.
This graduate session is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange of ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We are now accepting submissions and we look forward to your contributions.
A round table discussion will be held after the close of the Graduate Research in Archaeological Sciences in the EMME region session. In this round table young researchers are welcome to share some of the challenges and opportunities associated with their research in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East as a means of developing and improving integrated approaches to archaeological sciences and archaeology in this region. The discussion will be centred around, but not limited to, science-based approaches in archaeological materials, environmental archaeology, bioarchaeology and dendrochronology.
This round table is open to all individuals for the purpose of creating a fruitful dialogue with the exchange ideas in a supportive and friendly environment. We look forward to discussing your research experiences.
Recent years have seen increased contributions by the application of archaeological sciences in multi-disciplinary research projects, especially in the context of international collaborations facilitating the generation of new conversations across a broad range of topics. Extending beyond traditional archaeological narratives, these multi-disciplinary projects incorporate multiple lines of evidence obtained from a variety of analyses associated with the archaeological sciences. Since past human activities are inherently complex, they can only be divergently explored through the integration of the multi-dimensional qualities of archaeological sciences in association with established archaeological sources of evidence.
In this session, we aim to promote this collaborative model by welcoming topics that build archaeological narratives through a multitude of methods, including metallurgy, lithics, geoarchaeology, zooarchaeology, human osteoarchaeology, and archaeobotany, and highlight how these methods act synergistically with other sources to enhance our knowledge of the past. To demonstrate the diversity of projects and ideas, we seek papers from wide-ranging timelines and continents. Participants will demonstrate the utility of data from the archaeological sciences in refuting, adjusting, or generating new insights and syntheses about archaeological themes. We particularly encourage papers from international research collaborations.
Oral Bioarchaeological data can provide long-term perspectives on humans' complex biosocial nature and interactions with their environment; this includes, among others, issues of animal exploitation, landscape transformation, and human responses to socio-political and environmental change. Despite the progress in the last decade across disciplines in bioarchaeology, to date, less emphasis has been placed on large-scale comparative studies and meta-analyses. To facilitate bioarchaeological studies and promote large-scale meta-analyses, a team of bioarchaeologists at the Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Centre of the Cyprus Institute is currently developing multiple open-access databases for bioarchaeological studies. These include open-access bibliographic databases for human bioarchaeology and zooarchaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) (Bi(bli)oArch-https://www.biblioarch.com/; Zoobi(bli)oArch-in progress), as well as an interactive database of published strontium isotopes values across the Mediterranean (SrIsoMed-https://srisomed.emmebioarch.com/). Bi(bli)oArch is an open-access database containing titles and abstracts of human bioarchaeological studies from the EMME region, including over 3,521 titles. SrIsoMed will be an open-access database that contains over 11,000 87Sr/86Sr measurements from organic and inorganic remains originating from countries across the Mediterranean basin. Zoobi(bli)oArch will serve the same purpose as Bi(bli)oArch but for zooarchaeological studies. These projects will be highlighted in this presentation to encourage wide-ranging data syntheses and promote the development of other databases for archaeological research.
The osteological analysis of the skeletal material from the Ayia Napa Monastery is currently being conducted at the Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center of the Cyprus Institute. The skeletons examined up to the current stage of the project have been recovered from 3 different deposits: The upper deposit contained almost exclusively infant and children skeletons, the middle deposit had commingled skeletons belonging to children and adults, while the bottom deposit had primarily adult burials.
The great number of infants and children may be linked to the belief that the Cincture of the Theotokos at Ayia Napa helped women conceive; a belief further linked to the fertility of the land in the region, attested in written sources of the 17th-18th century. It is possible that grieving mothers dedicated the bodies of their deceased children to Virgin
Mary, believing that they had conceived them thanks to her in the first place. This study will examine demographic parameters, activity markers, and pathological conditions in order to gain initial biocultural insights to the life of the past inhabitants of the region at a time period for which bioarchaeological studies in Cyprus are absent.
Preliminary descriptive statistics show that females from Ashrafieh 5313 have greater frequencies in ante-mortem tooth loss, caries, and linear enamel hypoplasia, while males are affected more frequently by dental calculus. We speculate that the differences between the two sexes might be attributed to a contrasting dietary regimen. To confirm or refute this suggestion, all ordinal data associated with the dental diseases will be statistically tested for intra-cemetery differences by factoring in age and sex using generalized linear models (GLM). Mann-Whitney U tests will be applied to examine sexual dimorphism in dental wear. While they cannot be factored in statistically, it is important to acknowledge the multitude of factors beyond diet that affect oral health such as salivary flow rate, hormones, and oral pathogens (Radini et al., 2017). By providing preliminary insights regarding the dental conditions of human groups from Phoenicia, we can start to understand the dental health inequalities and differential access to dietary resources along the Lebanese coast in the Roman period.
αφήνουν ίχνη στα οστά μας. Αυτό το βιβλίο για παιδιά ηλικίας 8-13 ετών στοχεύει να επικοινωνήσει αυτές τις πληροφορίες.
A free book on the amazing information we can extract from our ancestors' skeletons regarding their lives. What did they eat? How active were they? What diseases did they suffer from? And what does this biological information tell us about the ways in which they adapted to environmental and sociopolitical changes? Download Bare Bones and find out :)
We very much appreciate your input on how to improve this book, so please contact us with comments: [email protected] and [email protected]
بيوأركيلوجي: دراسة البقايا العضوية مثل عظام الإنسان والحيوان ̨ وبقايا النباتات *
المواد الأثرية والثقافة المادية: دراسة الفخار والزجاج والمعادن *
سوف نقدم الفئة العمرية لكل نشاطات الطلاب في هذا الكتيب. يجب التنويه إن الفئات العمرية ليست سوى تقديرات تقريبية والأمر متروك للمعلم/ة لتحديد الطلاب الذين يمكنهم المشاركة في كل نشاط أو أجزاء من النشاط. إجابات كل الأنشطة موجودة في نهاية هذا الكتيب. نتوقع من الطلاب تطوير التالي من خلال ممارسة الأنشطة المقترحة:٠
فهم التقنيات المختلفة التي تستعمل لإعادة بناء أنماط الحياة البشرية في الماضي *
التفكير النقدي حول كيفية استخدام مناهج من مختلف التخصصات من أجل فهم طرق الحياة القديمة *
لتقديم الاقتراحات حول كيفية تحسين هذا الدليل او الكتيب ̨ يرجى التواصل مع:٠
[email protected] ١) باللغة الإنجليزية: الدكتورة إيفثيميا نيكيتا
[email protected] ٢) باللغة العربية: محمود مارديني
Οι δραστηριότητες που περιγράφονται έχουν στόχο να εξοικειώσουν τους μαθητές με βασικές μεθόδους σε δύο τομείς:
• Βιοαρχαιολογία (μελέτη οργανικών καταλοίπων, όπως ανθρώπινα και ζωικά οστά καθώς και φυτικά κατάλοιπα)
• Αρχαιολογικά υλικά και υλικός πολιτισμός (κεραμική, γυαλί, μέταλλα)
Για κάθε δραστηριότητα, παρέχεται η ενδεικτική ηλικία των μαθητών στους οποίους απευθύνεται πρωτίστως, ωστόσο επαφίεται στον δάσκαλο να καθορίσει ποιοι μαθητές μπορούν να λάβουν μέρος. Βασικές πληροφορίες που θα πρέπει να γνωρίζει ο δάσκαλος και να μεταφέρει στους μαθητές παρέχονται στα πλαίσια κάθε δραστηριότητας, όπως και αναλυτικές οδηγίες για την υλοποίηση
αυτής και φόρμες για φωτοτύπηση/εκτύπωση. Με αυτό τον τρόπο οι
προτεινόμενες δραστηριότητες μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν με ελάχιστη προετοιμασία και επιπλέον υλικά. Η λύση επιλεγμένων δραστηριοτήτων δίνεται στο τέλος αυτού του τεύχους.
Μέσω των δραστηριοτήτων, οι μαθητές θα αναπτύξουν:
• καλύτερη αντίληψη για τις μεθόδους με τις οποίες μπορούμε να ανασυνθέσουμε το ανθρώπινο παρελθόν και
• κριτική σκέψη για το πώς προσεγγίσεις από διαφορετικούς επιστημονικούς τομείς μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν συνδυαστικά για τη διερεύνηση του παρελθόντος.
The activities presented focus on familiarising students with basic methods in two broad fields:
• Bioarchaeology (the study of organic remains, such as human and animal bones, and plant remains)
• Archaeological materials and material culture (ceramics, glass, metals)
For each activity, we provide the age range of the students to be involved; however, these ranges are only general approximations and it is up to the teacher to determine which students can participate in each activity or parts of the activity. Basic information that the teachers/instructors should communicate to the students as part of each activity is provided, along with step-by-step instructions for the implementation of each activity, and forms to be copied and distributed to the class. In this way, the proposed activities can be used with minimal preparation and extra required materials. A key to selected activities is given at the end of this booklet.
Through the proposed activities, the students are expected to develop:
• an understanding of the various methods available for reconstructing the human past, and
• critical thinking on how approaches from different disciplines can be used in order to elucidate ancient lifeways.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Eastern_bioarchaeology
middle- and low-income countries.
Abstract Submission Deadline: 30th June 2023