María Estela Mansur
Investigadora Principal CONICET-CADIC. Docente Investigadora Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego. Coordinadora "Centro de Patrimonio Documental Antropológico Anne M. Chapman". Chercheur Associée à l’Equipe Ethnologie Préhistorique - UMR 7041- Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité (ArScAn). Laboratorio de Antropología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas - CADIC. Calle Bernardo Houssay 200. 9410 - Ushuaia. Prov. Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
E-mail: [email protected].
http://www.cadic-conicet.gob.ar
E-mail: [email protected].
http://www.cadic-conicet.gob.ar
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provided information about the technology and use of these perishable materials.
Basketry is an activity which leaves no direct evidence in the archaeological record in our region. For this reason, we undertook this work in order to develop an experimental program concerning production and use of lithic and bone instruments involved in the
different operating chains interlinked in the process of reeds weaving. Our study uses an analytical approach that combines morphological and techno-functional analysis, ethnographic recording and experimental research. We believe that this work can help to understand how are interlinked the different operating chains involved in manufacture
and use of instruments for the production of other goods, especially when dealing with perishable materials that only have indirect evidence in the archaeological record.
The ethnohistorical descriptions of the techniques used by the Alacalufes and the evaluation of the analysis of archaeological materials served as the basis for the generation of the hypotheses that guided this experimentation. We designed an experimental protocol to test the effectiveness of different types of instruments and processing stages, depending on the results and products that were desired. Also, we seek to identify and characterize wear traces in the instruments after work. The aim of this work is to present the results obtained during the experimentation and to discuss about the lines of analysis to determine both the presence and the use of leather in the Fuegian archaeological sites.
provided information about the technology and use of these perishable materials.
Basketry is an activity which leaves no direct evidence in the archaeological record in our region. For this reason, we undertook this work in order to develop an experimental program concerning production and use of lithic and bone instruments involved in the
different operating chains interlinked in the process of reeds weaving. Our study uses an analytical approach that combines morphological and techno-functional analysis, ethnographic recording and experimental research. We believe that this work can help to understand how are interlinked the different operating chains involved in manufacture
and use of instruments for the production of other goods, especially when dealing with perishable materials that only have indirect evidence in the archaeological record.
The ethnohistorical descriptions of the techniques used by the Alacalufes and the evaluation of the analysis of archaeological materials served as the basis for the generation of the hypotheses that guided this experimentation. We designed an experimental protocol to test the effectiveness of different types of instruments and processing stages, depending on the results and products that were desired. Also, we seek to identify and characterize wear traces in the instruments after work. The aim of this work is to present the results obtained during the experimentation and to discuss about the lines of analysis to determine both the presence and the use of leather in the Fuegian archaeological sites.
El libro incluye una presentación detallada de las intervenciones de campo y de los estudios de las diferentes líneas de evidencia, que permitieron caracterizar y discutir las diferencias en el registro arqueológico entre el sector ceremonial y el sector doméstico del asentamiento. A partir de esto se plantea una discusión sobre la significación de un sitio de este tipo y del modelo generado a partir de esta investigación, para el estudio de los sitios de sociedades cazadoras-recolectroras en general.
1. to establish general analysis criteria permitting to study and to compare Patagonian industries, both from the typological and the technical points of view, in order to characterize the lithic industry then called “Nivel 11” (Cardich 1973).
2. To verify the applicability of high power microwear analysis technique to raw materials other than flint used in Patagonian lithic industries
3. To study the degree of reliability of inferences derived from ethnographic analogy, by means of high power microscopic analysis of both use wear and hafting traces conducted on archeological as well as on ethnographic materials from the same geographic region.
Nivel 11 is was the oldest discovered up to then in Patagonia; it was represented by two series: Layer 11 of Los Toldos and 12 of El Ceibo. The study included technological, typological and functional analysis of retouched tools and flakes (débitage). The distribution of lithic raw material outcrops at El Ceibo was also studied, in order to verify the availability and choice, transportation, fabrication, utilization and discarding strategies used by the inhabitants of Nivel 11.
Intensive study of ethnological texts corresponding to european travelers gave abundant information on hafting and utilization techniques of lithic tools by Patagonian Indians. These techniques were confirmed by microwear analysis of use and hafting traces on ethnographic tools. This hafting and utilization techniques are not the same that were used 12000 years before by people of Nivel 11.
Il s'agit en fait de la première synthèse ordonnée et compréhensive publiée en langue française sur les traces d'utilisation observables sur le matériel lithique préhistorique. Avec une grande clarté de raisonnement et de langage, l'auteur y expose l'historique critique des méthodes d'étude, puis son programme expérimental et ses résultats. L'enjeu est d'importance, puisque l'interprétation de ces traces est susceptible de nous éclairer sur les fonctions de ces outillages et, par là, sur les comportements techniques et économiques des hommes préhistoriques.
Denise de SONNEVILLE-BORDES
Even so, the Fuegian hunter-gatherers may be somewhat dierent to other groups living in comparable latitudes. The reason is the low plant diversity, which comprises only 417 native species. Moreover, geographical and seasonal constraints related to the species growing in the region, also conditioned the exploitation of plant resources.
Plants however, had their particular role within the framework of the Fuegian economy: they were a constant source of raw materials, as well as a valuable source of food which complemented the other dietary resources including meat and seafood.
This chapter focuses on the relationship of those groups with the plant resources available in their region. Ethnographic and archaeological data will be combined in order to provide a better understanding of plant consumption and its role within the broader context of the other available food resources.
In this paper we discuss the characterization of surface modifications through microscopic study and digit images analysis developed on different classes of raw materials: crystals (quartz), amorphous rocks (obsidian) and rocks formed by matrix and phenocrysts (quartzites, rhyolites, basalts, cinerites etc.). On this basis we propose a model to explain characteristics and mechanisms of surface modifications on lithic tools.
utilization. However, these "polishing" and "micropolish" are not so easily distinguishable. Differentiation is only possible on the basis of micropolish developmental degree and distinctive microtopographic attributes. Hypothesis approaching polishing technique as a physical process proposed that "polishing" results from a molecule-by-molecule structural modification entailing mass reduction and formation of a rebuilt surface. Regarding modifications on natural quartz grains and experimentally ground quartz, a similar mechanical process was defined as "amorphization by mechanical actions". The present work is focused on the interrelationship between "polishing" physics,
"amorphization by mechanical actions" and "micropolish" formation process.
This investigation is part of a research project at the central zone of Isla Grande, occupied in historical times by the Selknam society, hunter-gatherer, on which there is a vast documentary record. One of the aspects of this research was the analysis of ethnographic and historical sources on the Selknam society, where descriptions of myths, legends and ceremonies were studied. The guanaco appears in many of them, sometimes playing an essential role. These data were confronted with the study of the archaeozoological record of Ewan site, a ceremonial site dating from 1905.
The results obtained from the integration of both types of data confirm the relevance of the guanaco for selknam society, not only in the subsistence and economic spheres, as revealed by archeo zoological analysis, but also in the symbolic world, as an integrating and vertebrating axis of this society. ""
As the HOME (Human Occupation of Mountain Environments) Commission, we invite you to the two sessions we are organising :
- Climate change and human occupation of mountain environments in prehistoric and protohistoric times
- Mountain Africa: prehistoric peoples and palaeoenvironments
Here you will find session abstracts.
We hope you can join us!