Jewish history
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English: Jewish history
The main category is: Category:Jewish history
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Origins
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Abraham Journeying into the Land of Canaan
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Moses on the Knesset Menorah
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Mountains in Sinai, traditional region for the Israelite theophany
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Egyptian image of ibrw "mounted bowmen" at the Battle of Kadesh 1274 BCE, one suggested origin for Hebrew
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Merneptah Stele, 1213-1203 BCE, first recorded extra-Biblical mention of Israel
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12 Tribes of Israel according to the Book of Joshua
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Rock hewn altar near Shiloh, early site of the Tabernacle in Israel
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Ruth on the Knesset Menorah, convert from Moab, traditional anscestor of David
First Commonwealth
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Walls of the Jebusite city of Jerusalem prior to David's conquest in 1000 BCE
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Solomon's temple in Jerusalem
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10th century BCE inscription showing the conquest of Judah (Yuteh Malek) by Shoshenq I
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Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah in their region, 9th century BCE
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Mesha Stele from Moab c.840 BCE, extensive description of Kingdom of Israel
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King Jehu of Israel giving tribute to King Shalmaneser III of Assyria, on the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser c.827 BCE
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Biblical genealogy of kings of Israel and Judah described in 1 and 2 Kings
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Reconstructed Israelite house, 10th–7th centuries BCE
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Isaiah on the Knesset Menorah
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King Hezekiah's tunnel in Jerusalem, 8th-7th centuries BCE
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Judean captives led to slavery by the Assyrians after the siege of Lachish in 701 BCE
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Tetragrammaton name of God in Paleo-Hebrew from Tel Lachish
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Ten Lost Tribes of northern kingdom deportated to Assyria, 734-715 BCE
Babylonian and Persian exile
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Jeremiah on the Knesset Menorah, who predicted the destruction of Jerusalem
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Kingdom of Judah exiled to Babylon and destruction of Solomon's temple in 587 BCE
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City of Babylon during the time of the Nebuchadnezzar II, 600 BCE
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At the Rivers of Babylon (Psalm 137)
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Ezekiel's vision in exile of the restored bones of Israel
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Persian Empire, who conquered Babylon, around the time of Darius and Xerxes
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Hand-written scroll of the Book of Esther, set in Persian Empire
Early Second Commonwealth
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Ezra on the Knesset Menorah
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Nehemia on the Knesset Menorah
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Yehud coins from the Persian Empire province of Judah
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Alexander the Great's empire and his route 334-323 BCE
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Hellenistic enforcement of Seleucid Greek king Antiochus IV Epiphanes with Apollo
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Tombs of the Maccabees national revolt against Seleucid Hellenism 167–160 BCE
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Hasmonian dynasty rulers from the Maccabees until the time of Herod
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Coin of Alexander Jannaeus 103-76 BCE, whose opposition to the Pharisees formented the Judean Civil War
Roman Empire
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Early Rabbinic sage Hillel on the Knesset Menorah
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One of the Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered between 1946 and 1956
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Model of Herod's rebuilt Jerusalem temple
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Philo of Alexandria c.20 BCE–50 CE, Hellenistic Jewish philosopher and influence on Christianity
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Helena of Adiabene sarcophagus, 1st century queen of Adiabene and convert to Judaism, Jerusalem
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Roman sack of Jerusalem in 70 CE depicted on the Arch of Titus
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Translation of 1st century Jewish historian Josephus
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Johanan ben Zakai, c.30-90 CE, re-established the Rabbinic Sanhedrin in Yavne after Jerusalem's destruction
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The Roman Empire at its greatest extent in 117 CE
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Tunnels from the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136 CE
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Haninah ben Teradion, 2nd century sage martyred by the Romans
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Coin of Hadrian 136 CE, changing Jerusalem into pagan city Aelia Capitolina banned to Jews
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Map of 1st-2nd century CE synagogues in the Mediterranean world
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Roman Jewish fresco from Dura Europos synagogue, Syria, 244 CE. Destroyed by Sassanids 256 CE
Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages
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Babylonian Talmud on the Knesset Menorah
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Aggadah Rabbinic Midrash on the Knesset Menorah
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Schematic map of the Oral Torah development from the Pharisees to Halakha
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Exhibit showing Talmudic sage and Exilarch political leader in Babylonia, Rav Huna
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An emissary from the land of Israel is a Sabbath guest in Nehardea, Babylonia
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Byzantine era mosaic from synagogue near Sea of Galilee, 5th-6th century
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6th century underground mikvah Jewish ritual bath in Syracuse, Italy
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Mohammed defeating the Banu Nadir Jewish tribe at Medina, 14th century art
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Khazar Khaganate, 650–850. From the 8th century, the Khazar royalty and parts of the aristocracy converted to Judaism
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8th-9th century Hebrew Selihah prayer, discovered in 1908 in the Dunhuang Caves of Gansu Province, China
High and Late Middle Ages
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Rashi house in Worms, Germany
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Golden Age of Spanish Jewry: codifier and philosopher Maimonides, and Jewish poets
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Babylonian Talmud manuscript with commentaries from France, 1342
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1348 Barcelona manuscript of Maimonides' philosophical Guide for the Perplexed
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Statues of "Church" victorious and "Synagogue" defeated from Strasbourg Cathedral 12-13th centuries
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Woodcut of disputation between Christian and Jewish scholars, which were often forced on Medieval Jews
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Expulsions of Jews in Europe from 1100 to 1600
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Medieval Passover Haggadah found in the Cairo Genizah
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Sarajevo Haggadah manuscript from 14th century Spain
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Amulet text from 15th century Jewish magic work
Early modern era
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The Venice Ghetto, instituted 1516, gave its name to other Jewish restricted quarters in Europe
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Title page of first edition of the kabbalistic Zohar, printed Mantua Italy 1558
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Synagogue in Safed, Galilee, 16th century centre of Jewish religious renaissance
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Baruch Spinoza, 1632–1677, Dutch philosopher and secular Jewish forerunner
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Hope for the Messiah on the Knesset Menorah
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The mystical heresy of Sabbatai Zevi, Messianic claimant of 1665-1666, broke Jewish unity
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Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, built 1675
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Council of the Four Lands, gave Poland Rabbinic autonomy
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Synagogue of the Baal Shem Tov, 1700s founder of Hasidic movement mystical revival in Ukraine
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Moses Mendelssohn, founder of Haskalah Jewish modernism, with German playwrite Lessing
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Vilna Gaon, figurehead of Lithuanian-Yeshiva Talmudic movement
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Illuminated Ketubah marriage contract from Yemen, 1795
19th century
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1806 French print of Napoleon emancipating the Jews
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Crimean Karaites, followers of non-Rabbinic Judaism originating 8th century CE, shown in 1837
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The Hamburg Temple, first reform synagogue in Germany, location 1818–1844
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Leopold Zunz, 1794–1886, founder of Wissenschaft des Judentums 19th century historical-critical investigation of Judaism
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Samson Raphael Hirsch, 1808–1888, founder of Neo-Orthodox Judaism and leader of German Orthodox secessionist communities
20th century
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Theodor Herzl, Zionist founder, in 1901
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Belarus stamp with shtetl painting of Marc Chagall, 1887–1985
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Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, reviver of the Hebrew language, in Jerusalem 1912
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Simon Dubnow, 1860–1941, Jewish historian and activist, founder of the Yiddish culture East-European Jewish folkists party
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Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical circle, 1922, reflecting assimilated Jewish culture of Vienna
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Israeli currency portrait of Ze'ev Jabotinsky, 1880–1940, founder of Israel's right-wing secular politics
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Martin Buber, philosopher and cultural Zionist, teaching at the Hebrew University Jerusalem
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Religious anti-Zionist and pro-Zionist Rabbis Sonnenfeld, and Kook, the first chief Rabbi of Palestine and founder of Religious Zionism, early 1930s
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Menorah in Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Oblast in Russian Far East, established by Stalin 1934
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WW2 propaganda
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Warsaw Ghetto uprising in April 1943
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Yemenite immigrants celebrating Passover, Tel Aviv 1946
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Exodus ship carrying Jewish emigrants to Palestine in 1947
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Israeli tanks crossing the Suez Canal in the 1973 Yom Kippur War
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Israeli - Palestinian Oslo Accords in 1993
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Diaspora Museum Tel Aviv. Exhibit "One culture: Many facets. The growth of pluralism in modern Jewish spiritual life"