File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid.svg
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
![File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid.svg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Microbiota-derived_3-Indolepropionic_acid.svg/705px-Microbiota-derived_3-Indolepropionic_acid.svg.png?20171101185715)
Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 705 × 552 pixels. Other resolutions: 307 × 240 pixels | 613 × 480 pixels | 981 × 768 pixels | 1,280 × 1,002 pixels | 2,560 × 2,004 pixels.
Original file (SVG file, nominally 705 × 552 pixels, file size: 119 KB)
File information
Structured data
Captions
Captions
Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents
Summary
[edit]DescriptionMicrobiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid.svg |
English: This diagram shows the metabolism of tryptophan to indole and indole derivatives in the colonic lumen. Clostridium sporogenes metabolizes indole into 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), a highly potent neuroprotective antioxidant. In the intestine, IPA binds to pregnane X receptors (PXR) in intestinal cells, thereby facilitating mucosal homeostasis and barrier function. Following absorption and distribution to the brain, IPA confers a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. Lactobacillus species metabolize indole into indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) which acts on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in intestinal immune cells, in turn increasing interleukin-22 (IL-22) production. AhR activation markedly affects in gut immunity by supporting epithelial barrier function, increasing immune tolerance to commensal microbiota, and protecting against pathogenic infections. Indole itself acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogue in intestinal L cells and as a ligand for AhR. Indole can also be metabolized by the liver to indoxyl sulfate, a compound that is detrimental to human health in high concentrations. Accumulation of indoxyl sulfate in blood plasma is toxic and associated with vascular disease and renal dysfunction. AST-120 (activated charcoal), an intestinal sorbent that is taken by mouth, adsorbs indole, in turn decreasing the concentration of indoxyl sulfate in blood plasma. |
Date | |
Source | Re-drawn from File:Microbiota-derived_3-Indolepropionic_acid.jpg; (April 2016). "Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: opportunities for new therapeutic interventions". Genome Med 8 (1): 46. DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x. PMID 27102537. PMC: 4840492. Figure 1: Molecular mechanisms of action of indole and its metabolites on host physiology and disease |
Author | User:Slashme, Zhang LS, Davies SS |
Other versions |
■ File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid-notext.svg ■ File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid.jpg |
SVG development InfoField | ![]() This W3C-invalid diagram was created with Inkscape. ![]() This diagram uses embedded text that can be easily translated using a text editor. |
Licensing
[edit]I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
![share alike](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/24px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png)
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 18:57, 1 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (119 KB) | Slashme (talk | contribs) | Fix kerning issues |
17:54, 1 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (144 KB) | Slashme (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=coming soon}} |Source =Re-drawn from File:Microbiota-derived_3-Indolepropionic_acid.jpg |Author =User:Slashme |Date =2017-11-01 |Permission = |other_versions =[[:File:Microbio... |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Usage on hy.wikipedia.org
- Usage on ru.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Width | 199.10265mm |
---|---|
Height | 155.65277mm |