Papers
In this article the author elaborates upon possible “hybrid peace” and the EU’s new perspectives ... more In this article the author elaborates upon possible “hybrid peace” and the EU’s new perspectives in resolving the conflict in eastern Ukraine in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy. The conflict resolution will hardly follow the classical and predetermined approach of peaceful settlement, such as the package of the Minsk Agreements I and II, for instance. Given that the “Ukraine crisis” is not a domestic Ukrainian problem alone but challenges the regional setting as well, the anticipated “hybrid peace” overshadows also wider regional politics in Europe, rather than Russian-Ukrainian bilateral relations per se. Inevitably, the involvement of external actors, such as the EU and individual states such as France and Germany specifically, is inherent to the conflict resolution in Ukraine. The author also touches upon the repercussions of the possible implementation of the so-called “Steinmeier formula” for Ukraine and European security and the role of the EU in this process.
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Ukrainian Autocephaly: Source of Confrontation or Conflict?, 2019
According to the Ukrainian Constitution, the country is secular, where its churches and all relig... more According to the Ukrainian Constitution, the country is secular, where its churches and all religious organisations are separated from the state and the legislative process. According to theologian Gennadiy Druzenko, in the regional scope, Ukraine might be described as one of the most religious countries in Europe. Demonstrated by the history of the Ukrainian Church, dating back to the time of the Kyivan Rus, when its Prince Volodymyr the Great received Christianity from Constantinople in 988. It was one of the most remarkable events in the creation of the Ukrainian state, that united the Ukrainian people spiritually. However, it further served as an instrument of manipulation and basis for lies from the Russian side so as to justify its right to exert control over Ukraine.
This current paper aims to analyse the role of the Church in peace mediation versus conflict promotion in the case of Ukraine, addressing such issues as:
- Official relations between and within different churches in the country and show impacts of this in reality;
- The official position of the UOC KP and UAOC towards the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, the illegal annexation of Crimea, possible future reconciliation and current geopolitical challenges, reactions to fake news and disinformation;
- The official position of the Church, position on the ground and the reaction on the discrimination against LGBT, religious and ethnic minorities;
- Based on these points we will analyse whether the Church promotes peace or encourages conflicts in Ukraine, trying to answer whether the Church as an institution could serve as a powerful peace actor or not.
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Portal für Politikwissenschaft, 2020
Religion ist nicht nur ein wichtiger Faktor im aktuellen Konflikt zwischen Russland und der Ukrai... more Religion ist nicht nur ein wichtiger Faktor im aktuellen Konflikt zwischen Russland und der Ukraine. Der russisch-ukrainische Streit wird auch weiterhin die weltweite Orthodoxie spalten, solange Moskau die Autokephalie der Ukraine nicht anerkennt. Die Entstehung der OKU und ihre wachsende Anerkennung unter anderen orthodoxen Nationalkirchen dürfte das Ostchristentum Europas grundlegend verändern, wie die Unterstützung der OKU durch die großen Metropolien Griechenlands oder Rumäniens und erste Reaktionen darauf andeuten.
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Ukraine verstehen, 2020
Religion ist nicht nur ein wichtiger Faktor im aktuellen Konflikt zwischen Russland und d... more Religion ist nicht nur ein wichtiger Faktor im aktuellen Konflikt zwischen Russland und der Ukraine. Der russisch-ukrainische Streit wird auch weiterhin die weltweite Orthodoxie spalten, solange Moskau die Autokephalie der Ukraine nicht anerkennt. Die Entstehung der OKU und ihre wachsende Anerkennung durch andere orthodoxe Nationalkirchen dürfte die Kirchenlandschaft der postsowjetischen Region und der christlich-orthodoxen Welt insgesamt grundlegend verändern, wie die Unterstützung der OKU durch die großen Metropolien Griechenlands oder Rumäniens und erste Reaktionen darauf andeuten.
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VoxUkraine, 2020
Religion will remain an important factor in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and ... more Religion will remain an important factor in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and divide world-wide Orthodoxy as long as Moscow does not recognize Ukrainian autocephaly. The emergence of the OCU and its growing recognition among other local Orthodox churches will impact profoundly the post-Soviet and other regions of the world. It will probably provoke Moscow towards even harsher actions as the Kremlin is gradually losing a vital instruments of its hybrid warfare against Ukraine. While autocephaly has been an aim for many Ukrainian Christians for centuries, Constantinople’s 2019 Tomos for the OCU is perceived, in- and outside Ukraine, as a highly symbolic answer to the Russian military attack on Ukraine – an aggression of one largely Orthodox people against another. Against this geopolitical background, the OCU’s acquisition of autocephaly undercuts the crypto-imperial mood in the Moscow Patriarchy.
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Atlantic Council, 2020
With no obvious room for compromise on the issue of Ukrainian Orthodox independence, religion loo... more With no obvious room for compromise on the issue of Ukrainian Orthodox independence, religion looks set to remain an important factor in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine during 2020 and beyond. In all likelihood, it will continue to divide the global Orthodox faithful for as long as Moscow refuses to recognize Ukrainian autocephaly. Russia has already demonstrated its resolve by cutting ties with Constantinople, Greece and Alexandria. Further steps to reassert its traditional dominance as the largest and most influential member of the Orthodox world are now widely anticipated. As this religious struggle unfolds, it will have a profound impact on Orthodox communities far beyond the borders of the former USSR, as recent spillovers in Greece and Montenegro indicate. Indeed, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine’s newfound independence may even have a domino effect, with other churches currently linked to the Russian Orthodox Church seeking to follow the Ukrainian example. This could cause a shift in the balance of power throughout Orthodoxy’s Central and Eastern European heartlands. It also has the potential to severely dampen imperial moods in Moscow.
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Papers, Chapters, Long Essays & Review Articles
VoxUkraine, 2020
Релігія залишатиметься важливим фактором у конфлікті, що триває між Росією та Україною, і розділя... more Релігія залишатиметься важливим фактором у конфлікті, що триває між Росією та Україною, і розділятиме світове православ’я доки Москва не визнає українську автокефалію. Поява ПЦУ та все більше її визнання серед інших помісних православних церков серйозно вплине на пострадянський простір та інші регіони світу. Ймовірно, це спровокує Москву на ще жорсткіші дії, бо Кремль поступово втрачає важливі інструменти своєї гібридної війни проти України. Оскільки автокефалія протягом століть була метою багатьох українських християн, Томос, отриманий ПЦУ від Константинополя 2019 року, сприймається в Україні та за її межами як дуже символічна відповідь на військовий напад Росії на Україну – агресію одних здебільшого православних людей проти інших. На цьому геополітичному тлі автокефалія ПЦУ ослаблює приховані імперські настрої в Московському патріархаті.
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History News Network, 2020
Religion will remain an important factor in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and ... more Religion will remain an important factor in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and divide world-wide Orthodoxy as long as Moscow does not recognize Ukrainian autocephaly. The emergence of the OCU and its growing recognition among other local Orthodox churches will impact profoundly the post-Soviet and other regions of the world. It will probably provoke Moscow towards even harsher actions as the Kremlin is gradually losing a vital instruments of its hybrid warfare against Ukraine. While autocephaly has been an aim for many Ukrainian Christians for centuries, Constantinople’s 2019 Tomos for the OCU is perceived, in- and outside Ukraine, as a highly symbolic answer to the Russian military attack on Ukraine – an aggression of one largely Orthodox people against another. Against this geopolitical background, the OCU’s acquisition of autocephaly undercuts the crypto-imperial mood in the Moscow Patriarchy.
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This current paper aims to analyse the role of the Church in peace mediation versus conflict promotion in the case of Ukraine, addressing such issues as:
- Official relations between and within different churches in the country and show impacts of this in reality;
- The official position of the UOC KP and UAOC towards the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, the illegal annexation of Crimea, possible future reconciliation and current geopolitical challenges, reactions to fake news and disinformation;
- The official position of the Church, position on the ground and the reaction on the discrimination against LGBT, religious and ethnic minorities;
- Based on these points we will analyse whether the Church promotes peace or encourages conflicts in Ukraine, trying to answer whether the Church as an institution could serve as a powerful peace actor or not.
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This current paper aims to analyse the role of the Church in peace mediation versus conflict promotion in the case of Ukraine, addressing such issues as:
- Official relations between and within different churches in the country and show impacts of this in reality;
- The official position of the UOC KP and UAOC towards the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, the illegal annexation of Crimea, possible future reconciliation and current geopolitical challenges, reactions to fake news and disinformation;
- The official position of the Church, position on the ground and the reaction on the discrimination against LGBT, religious and ethnic minorities;
- Based on these points we will analyse whether the Church promotes peace or encourages conflicts in Ukraine, trying to answer whether the Church as an institution could serve as a powerful peace actor or not.