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Article:Johnny Cash
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'''John R. "Johnny" Cash''' (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003), was an American singer-songwriter, actor,<ref name = "lastfm"/> and author,<ref name = "lastfm"/> who has been called one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.<ref name = "Register-Guard">[[The Register-Guard|''Eugene Register-Guard'']] (2003, September 13). [http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t38VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8esDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4151,2598942&dq=most-influential+johnny-cash&hl=en ''The Man in Black: Legendary Johnny Cash dead at 71'']. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.</ref> Although he is primarily remembered as a [[country music]] icon, his songs and sound spanned many other [[Music genre|genres]] including [[rockabilly]] and [[rock and roll]]—especially early in his career—as well as [[blues]], [[folk music|folk]], and [[Gospel music|gospel]]. This crossover appeal led to Cash being inducted in the [[Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum|Country Music Hall of Fame]], the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], and [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]].
'''John R. "Johnny" Cash''' (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003), was an American singer-songwriter, That is really good friends with My homie Jessie, actor,<ref name = "lastfm"/> and author,<ref name = "lastfm"/> who has been called one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century.<ref name = "Register-Guard">[[The Register-Guard|''Eugene Register-Guard'']] (2003, September 13). [http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t38VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8esDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4151,2598942&dq=most-influential+johnny-cash&hl=en ''The Man in Black: Legendary Johnny Cash dead at 71'']. Retrieved on October 20, 2009.</ref> Although he is primarily remembered as a [[country music]] icon, his songs and sound spanned many other [[Music genre|genres]] including [[rockabilly]] and [[rock and roll]]—especially early in his career—as well as [[blues]], [[folk music|folk]], and [[Gospel music|gospel]]. This crossover appeal led to Cash being inducted in the [[Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum|Country Music Hall of Fame]], the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]], and [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]].


Cash was known for his deep, distinctive [[bass-baritone]] voice;<ref name = "Pareles"/><ref name = "Pareles_footnote">Although Cash's [[voice type]] endured over the years, his [[timbre]] changed noticeably: "Through a recording career that stretche[d] back to 1955", Pareles writes, Cash's "bass-baritone voice [went] from gravelly to grave".</ref><ref name = "Urbanski_voice">Urbanski D (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=x_dK-0HfHUYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''The man comes around: The spiritual journey of Johnny Cash'']. Lake Mary, FL: Relevant Media, p. xiv.</ref> for the "boom-chicka-boom" sound of his [[The Tennessee Three|Tennessee Three]] backing band; for his rebelliousness,<ref name = "Dickie">Dickie M (2002). "Hard talk from the God-fearin'', pro-metal man in Black". In M Streissguth (Ed.), [http://books.google.com/books?id=3pNFreWKHZgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Ring of fire: The Johnny Cash reader'']. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, pp. 201–205. Original work published 1987.</ref><ref name = "Streissguth_profile">Streissguth M (2006). [http://books.google.com/books?id=BBRDZoBeI88C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Johnny Cash: The biography'']. Philadelphia: Da Capo, p. 196.</ref> coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor;<ref name = "Pareles">Pareles J (1994). [http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/16/arts/pop-review-johnny-cash-austerely-direct-from-deep-within.html "Pop Review: Johnny Cash, austerely direct from deep within"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 20, 2010.</ref> for providing free concerts inside prison walls;<ref name = "Fox">Fox JA (October 17, 2005). [http://www.baylor.edu/pr/bitn/news.php?action=story&story=37416 "''The Boston Herald'': Hard time's never a 'circus'"]. ''[[Baylor University]]''. Retrieved March 22, 2010.</ref><ref name = "Streissguth_book">Streissguth M (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=lWuQVTvoPn8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The making of a masterpiece'']. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo.</ref> and for his dark performance clothing, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black".<ref name = "Cash_black">For Cash, black stage attire was a "symbol of rebellion—against a stagnant status quo, against ... hypocritical houses of God, against people whose minds are closed to others' ideas"; Cash J; Carr P (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=JPbbxoWZdSwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Cash: The Autobiography'']. San Francisco: HarperCollins, p. 64.</ref> He traditionally started his concerts by saying, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash."<ref name = "Schultz">Schultz B (2000, July 1). [http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_classic_tracks_johnny/ "Classic Tracks: Johnny Cash's 'Folsom Prison Blues'"]. ''[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]]''. Retrieved March 22, 2010. Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash's "trademark greeting", and places his utterance of this line, on Cash's ''[[At Folsom Prison]]'', album "among the most electrifying [seconds] in the history of concert recording."</ref><ref name = "WQ">For additional quotations by Johnny Cash, consult the [[wikiquote:Johnny Cash|''Johnny Cash'']] page at [[Wikiquote]],</ref> and usually following it up with his standard "[[Folsom Prison Blues]]".
Cash was known for his deep, distinctive [[bass-baritone]] voice;<ref name = "Pareles"/><ref name = "Pareles_footnote">Although Cash's [[voice type]] endured over the years, his [[timbre]] changed noticeably: "Through a recording career that stretche[d] back to 1955", Pareles writes, Cash's "bass-baritone voice [went] from gravelly to grave".</ref><ref name = "Urbanski_voice">Urbanski D (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=x_dK-0HfHUYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''The man comes around: The spiritual journey of Johnny Cash'']. Lake Mary, FL: Relevant Media, p. xiv.</ref> for the "boom-chicka-boom" sound of his [[The Tennessee Three|Tennessee Three]] backing band; for his rebelliousness,<ref name = "Dickie">Dickie M (2002). "Hard talk from the God-fearin'', pro-metal man in Black". In M Streissguth (Ed.), [http://books.google.com/books?id=3pNFreWKHZgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Ring of fire: The Johnny Cash reader'']. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, pp. 201–205. Original work published 1987.</ref><ref name = "Streissguth_profile">Streissguth M (2006). [http://books.google.com/books?id=BBRDZoBeI88C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Johnny Cash: The biography'']. Philadelphia: Da Capo, p. 196.</ref> coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor;<ref name = "Pareles">Pareles J (1994). [http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/16/arts/pop-review-johnny-cash-austerely-direct-from-deep-within.html "Pop Review: Johnny Cash, austerely direct from deep within"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 20, 2010.</ref> for providing free concerts inside prison walls;<ref name = "Fox">Fox JA (October 17, 2005). [http://www.baylor.edu/pr/bitn/news.php?action=story&story=37416 "''The Boston Herald'': Hard time's never a 'circus'"]. ''[[Baylor University]]''. Retrieved March 22, 2010.</ref><ref name = "Streissguth_book">Streissguth M (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=lWuQVTvoPn8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The making of a masterpiece'']. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo.</ref> and for his dark performance clothing, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black".<ref name = "Cash_black">For Cash, black stage attire was a "symbol of rebellion—against a stagnant status quo, against ... hypocritical houses of God, against people whose minds are closed to others' ideas"; Cash J; Carr P (2003). [http://books.google.com/books?id=JPbbxoWZdSwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Cash: The Autobiography'']. San Francisco: HarperCollins, p. 64.</ref> He traditionally started his concerts by saying, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash."<ref name = "Schultz">Schultz B (2000, July 1). [http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_classic_tracks_johnny/ "Classic Tracks: Johnny Cash's 'Folsom Prison Blues'"]. ''[[Mix (magazine)|Mix]]''. Retrieved March 22, 2010. Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash's "trademark greeting", and places his utterance of this line, on Cash's ''[[At Folsom Prison]]'', album "among the most electrifying [seconds] in the history of concert recording."</ref><ref name = "WQ">For additional quotations by Johnny Cash, consult the [[wikiquote:Johnny Cash|''Johnny Cash'']] page at [[Wikiquote]],</ref> and usually following it up with his standard "[[Folsom Prison Blues]]".
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