Pour reduire l’insecurite alimentaire et la pauvrete dans les pays en voie de developpement une a... more Pour reduire l’insecurite alimentaire et la pauvrete dans les pays en voie de developpement une analyse des activites agropastorales en milieu rural est necessaire. La typologie est a la base de cette analyse. Ainsi une etude typologique des elevages sedentaires en zone semi-aride du Cameroun a ete menee entre janvier et mai 2014. Pour cela, 400 eleveurs sedentaires ont ete enquetes dans 4 communes dont celles de Mindif, Doukoula, Koza et la communaute de Maroua. Les statistiques descriptives ont montre que 100% des eleveurs sedentaires pratiquent l’agriculture. L’engraissement des ruminants est une activite qui recrute de plus en plus les eleveurs sedentaires. C’est le cas a Mindif ou la quasi-totalite des eleveurs sedentaires pratique l’embouche des ruminants. L’analyse factorielle fait ressortir deux composantes principales des variables caracterisant les eleveurs etudies. La classification two-step a ete utilisee a et effet. Le groupe des elevages sedentaires extensifs englobe 6...
Performance-Based Financing (PBF) is a promising approach to improve health system performance in... more Performance-Based Financing (PBF) is a promising approach to improve health system performance in developing countries, but there are concerns that it may inadequately address inequalities in access to care. Incentives for reaching the poor may prove beneficial, but evidence remains limited. We evaluated a system of targeting the poorest of society ('indigents') in a PBF programme in Cameroon, examining (under)coverage, leakage and perceived positive and negative effects. We conducted a documentation review, 59 key informant interviews and 33 focus group discussions with community members (poor and vulnerable people-registered as indigents and those not registered as such). We found that community health workers were able to identify very poor and vulnerable people with a minimal chance of leakage to non-poor people. Nevertheless, the targeting system only reached a tiny proportion (≤1%) of the catchment population, and other poor and vulnerable people were missed. Low a pri...
Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 2016
This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a ... more This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a regional fishery, in the Logone floodplain in the Far North Region of Cameroon. In the Logone floodplain, one fishing technique is spreading exponentially even though it is changing the social, hydrological and ecological dynamics of the system in ways that are largely considered problematic by local communities. We use a complex systems framework to analyze large hydrological and socio-economic datasets. Results show how social-ecological feedbacks foster the spread of the technique and contribute to the process of lock-in. The lock-in leads to a resistance to change despite awareness of the technique’s impact, a situation that may also be described as a social-ecological trap. We identify and explain four kinds of positive feedback loops relating to socio-economic, behavioral, demographic and hydrological processes, respectively. We also identify possible solutions that consider the co...
African floodplains are an excellent example of coupled human–natural systems because they exhibi... more African floodplains are an excellent example of coupled human–natural systems because they exhibit strong interactions among multiple social, ecological, and hydrological systems. The intra-annual and interannual variations in seasonal flooding have direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems and human lives and livelihoods. Coupled human and natural system (CHANS) is a broad conceptual framework that is used to study systems in which human and natural components interact. While there are other conceptual frameworks to study social-ecological systems, the CHANS framework offers a clear way of studying the interactions, called couplings, between human and natural systems. Core features of the framework are the following: human and natural systems are analytically separated; focus is on processes within and couplings between systems; and the goal is to build an integrative, quantitative model of the coupled system. This paper explains the conceptual framework of coupled systems, using the case study of the Logone floodplain in Cameroon. We compare the CHANS framework with other frameworks that have been used to study the same floodplain, and argue for its usefulness in the study of African floodplains.
This study evaluates the quality of the veterinary drugs most frequently used in the Far North Re... more This study evaluates the quality of the veterinary drugs most frequently used in the Far North Region of Cameroon and describes how pastoralists use them to treat their cattle herds. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify the active ingredients in the drugs (penicillin G, levamisole, oxytetracycline, diminazene diaceturate, vitamin A, and vitamin E acetate) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if organic chemical contaminants were present. The results showed that 69% of surveyed pastoralists used veterinary medicines to treat common illnesses. In addition, the most commonly used medications (procaine penicillin G and oxytetracycline) were used in a manner inconsistent with the recommended dosage, frequency, duration, and withdrawal period by 98% of the pastoralists. However, contrary to previous studies, the quality of the medications used by pastoralists was generally good. The poor compliance with recommended treatment protocols was much more prevalent than use of poor quality medications and presents a potential for treatment failure, drug resistance of animal pathogens, and harmful drug residues in the human food supply, all of which have potentially negative consequences for animal and human health.
Aim: Plants used in the Far North Region of Cameroon by livestock farmers to manage foot and mout... more Aim: Plants used in the Far North Region of Cameroon by livestock farmers to manage foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potentials of two of them (Boscia senegalensis [BS] and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius [TD]) were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Ethno veterinary data were collected from 325 livestock farmers using semi-structured interviews from September 2011 to April 2012. The 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were first performed with five different solvents to choose the best extract of each plant based on these two factors. To achieve our aim, the ferric iron reducing activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), vitamin E and iron content were analyzed on extracts selected using current techniques. Results: The results showed that 12 plants of 8 different families are regularly used by farmers to manage FMD. It also demonstrated that acetone extract of TD and methanolic extract of BS are the extracts which showed the best total antioxidant activity (AA) and the best TPC. In general, TD show the best AA during the HRSA and FRSA analysis compared with BS. Similarly, TD content more phenolic compounds and tannins than BS. Both plants contain proteins, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloid, and polyphenols which are known to have many biological activities. Conclusion: These results support the AA of both plants and can justify their use by herders to treat FMD which is often followed by many secondary diseases.
Pour reduire l’insecurite alimentaire et la pauvrete dans les pays en voie de developpement une a... more Pour reduire l’insecurite alimentaire et la pauvrete dans les pays en voie de developpement une analyse des activites agropastorales en milieu rural est necessaire. La typologie est a la base de cette analyse. Ainsi une etude typologique des elevages sedentaires en zone semi-aride du Cameroun a ete menee entre janvier et mai 2014. Pour cela, 400 eleveurs sedentaires ont ete enquetes dans 4 communes dont celles de Mindif, Doukoula, Koza et la communaute de Maroua. Les statistiques descriptives ont montre que 100% des eleveurs sedentaires pratiquent l’agriculture. L’engraissement des ruminants est une activite qui recrute de plus en plus les eleveurs sedentaires. C’est le cas a Mindif ou la quasi-totalite des eleveurs sedentaires pratique l’embouche des ruminants. L’analyse factorielle fait ressortir deux composantes principales des variables caracterisant les eleveurs etudies. La classification two-step a ete utilisee a et effet. Le groupe des elevages sedentaires extensifs englobe 6...
Performance-Based Financing (PBF) is a promising approach to improve health system performance in... more Performance-Based Financing (PBF) is a promising approach to improve health system performance in developing countries, but there are concerns that it may inadequately address inequalities in access to care. Incentives for reaching the poor may prove beneficial, but evidence remains limited. We evaluated a system of targeting the poorest of society ('indigents') in a PBF programme in Cameroon, examining (under)coverage, leakage and perceived positive and negative effects. We conducted a documentation review, 59 key informant interviews and 33 focus group discussions with community members (poor and vulnerable people-registered as indigents and those not registered as such). We found that community health workers were able to identify very poor and vulnerable people with a minimal chance of leakage to non-poor people. Nevertheless, the targeting system only reached a tiny proportion (≤1%) of the catchment population, and other poor and vulnerable people were missed. Low a pri...
Global Environmental Change-human and Policy Dimensions, 2016
This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a ... more This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a regional fishery, in the Logone floodplain in the Far North Region of Cameroon. In the Logone floodplain, one fishing technique is spreading exponentially even though it is changing the social, hydrological and ecological dynamics of the system in ways that are largely considered problematic by local communities. We use a complex systems framework to analyze large hydrological and socio-economic datasets. Results show how social-ecological feedbacks foster the spread of the technique and contribute to the process of lock-in. The lock-in leads to a resistance to change despite awareness of the technique’s impact, a situation that may also be described as a social-ecological trap. We identify and explain four kinds of positive feedback loops relating to socio-economic, behavioral, demographic and hydrological processes, respectively. We also identify possible solutions that consider the co...
African floodplains are an excellent example of coupled human–natural systems because they exhibi... more African floodplains are an excellent example of coupled human–natural systems because they exhibit strong interactions among multiple social, ecological, and hydrological systems. The intra-annual and interannual variations in seasonal flooding have direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems and human lives and livelihoods. Coupled human and natural system (CHANS) is a broad conceptual framework that is used to study systems in which human and natural components interact. While there are other conceptual frameworks to study social-ecological systems, the CHANS framework offers a clear way of studying the interactions, called couplings, between human and natural systems. Core features of the framework are the following: human and natural systems are analytically separated; focus is on processes within and couplings between systems; and the goal is to build an integrative, quantitative model of the coupled system. This paper explains the conceptual framework of coupled systems, using the case study of the Logone floodplain in Cameroon. We compare the CHANS framework with other frameworks that have been used to study the same floodplain, and argue for its usefulness in the study of African floodplains.
This study evaluates the quality of the veterinary drugs most frequently used in the Far North Re... more This study evaluates the quality of the veterinary drugs most frequently used in the Far North Region of Cameroon and describes how pastoralists use them to treat their cattle herds. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify the active ingredients in the drugs (penicillin G, levamisole, oxytetracycline, diminazene diaceturate, vitamin A, and vitamin E acetate) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry to determine if organic chemical contaminants were present. The results showed that 69% of surveyed pastoralists used veterinary medicines to treat common illnesses. In addition, the most commonly used medications (procaine penicillin G and oxytetracycline) were used in a manner inconsistent with the recommended dosage, frequency, duration, and withdrawal period by 98% of the pastoralists. However, contrary to previous studies, the quality of the medications used by pastoralists was generally good. The poor compliance with recommended treatment protocols was much more prevalent than use of poor quality medications and presents a potential for treatment failure, drug resistance of animal pathogens, and harmful drug residues in the human food supply, all of which have potentially negative consequences for animal and human health.
Aim: Plants used in the Far North Region of Cameroon by livestock farmers to manage foot and mout... more Aim: Plants used in the Far North Region of Cameroon by livestock farmers to manage foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potentials of two of them (Boscia senegalensis [BS] and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius [TD]) were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Ethno veterinary data were collected from 325 livestock farmers using semi-structured interviews from September 2011 to April 2012. The 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were first performed with five different solvents to choose the best extract of each plant based on these two factors. To achieve our aim, the ferric iron reducing activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), vitamin E and iron content were analyzed on extracts selected using current techniques. Results: The results showed that 12 plants of 8 different families are regularly used by farmers to manage FMD. It also demonstrated that acetone extract of TD and methanolic extract of BS are the extracts which showed the best total antioxidant activity (AA) and the best TPC. In general, TD show the best AA during the HRSA and FRSA analysis compared with BS. Similarly, TD content more phenolic compounds and tannins than BS. Both plants contain proteins, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloid, and polyphenols which are known to have many biological activities. Conclusion: These results support the AA of both plants and can justify their use by herders to treat FMD which is often followed by many secondary diseases.
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Papers by Roland Ziebe
(FMD) in cattle and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potentials of two of them (Boscia senegalensis
[BS] and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius [TD]) were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Ethno
veterinary data were collected from 325 livestock farmers using semi-structured interviews from September
2011 to April 2012. The 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC)
were first performed with five different solvents to choose the best extract of each plant based on these two
factors. To achieve our aim, the ferric iron reducing activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), free
radical scavenging activity (FRSA), vitamin E and iron content were analyzed on extracts selected using current
techniques. Results: The results showed that 12 plants of 8 different families are regularly used by farmers to
manage FMD. It also demonstrated that acetone extract of TD and methanolic extract of BS are the extracts
which showed the best total antioxidant activity (AA) and the best TPC. In general, TD show the best AA
during the HRSA and FRSA analysis compared with BS. Similarly, TD content more phenolic compounds and
tannins than BS. Both plants contain proteins, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloid, and polyphenols which are
known to have many biological activities. Conclusion: These results support the AA of both plants and can
justify their use by herders to treat FMD which is often followed by many secondary diseases.
(FMD) in cattle and the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potentials of two of them (Boscia senegalensis
[BS] and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius [TD]) were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Ethno
veterinary data were collected from 325 livestock farmers using semi-structured interviews from September
2011 to April 2012. The 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC)
were first performed with five different solvents to choose the best extract of each plant based on these two
factors. To achieve our aim, the ferric iron reducing activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), free
radical scavenging activity (FRSA), vitamin E and iron content were analyzed on extracts selected using current
techniques. Results: The results showed that 12 plants of 8 different families are regularly used by farmers to
manage FMD. It also demonstrated that acetone extract of TD and methanolic extract of BS are the extracts
which showed the best total antioxidant activity (AA) and the best TPC. In general, TD show the best AA
during the HRSA and FRSA analysis compared with BS. Similarly, TD content more phenolic compounds and
tannins than BS. Both plants contain proteins, saponins, tannins, phenols, alkaloid, and polyphenols which are
known to have many biological activities. Conclusion: These results support the AA of both plants and can
justify their use by herders to treat FMD which is often followed by many secondary diseases.