Department of Evening Studies

Indian Ocean is emerging as an important geopolitical region in the 21st century. The countries of its littoral have tremendous diversity but the Ocean has bound them in myriad ways since millennia. India, jutting out into the sea is centrally located in the Ocean realm and its people have traveled to almost every nook and corner of the Indian Ocean for trade and commerce from the time immemorial. Indian traders had traversed the Arabian Sea to reach African coast including Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
The present day Tanzania is the largest of the East African countries. Being strategically located, it provides the neighbouring land locked countries a direly needed access to the sea. Its location near the commercially significant sea lanes of communication and pirate infested African coast only adds to its geopolitical importance. Though endowed with rich natural wealth, Tanzania remains a poor, backward and underdeveloped. It has a long relationship with India which began with trade and commerce as testified by the presence of sizeable ethnic Indians on its soil. India has been engaged with Tanzania in order to promote cooperation in different fields of mutual interest. This cooperation has not reached its full potential and can be promoted further. The present essay is an account of growing relations and its future prospects between the two countries in the emerging geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.

India stood for the independence of the countries like Mozambique and Tanzania among others throughout 1970s and 1980s. It is designed to promote economic cooperation, engage Indian Diaspora strongly present in these countries, combat terrorism and sea piracy, assist the build up of their defence forces and promote cooperation in the Indian Ocean.Geographically crowning the Indian Ocean realm, mounted by recent industrial and technological development,India is expanding its pangs around. Indian Ocean region has come out to bethe natural sphere of India's foreign policy in 21st century. The present essay is an attempt to dig out the expanse and level of cooperation with Mozambique --a poor but geopolitically important country on the African littoral of the the Indian Oceanthe

Small but strategically located, Djibouti is an important state in the Horn of Africa. It dominates the busy shipping lanes of the Bab el Mandeb. Politically stable, its economy largely depends on its ports which provide trade outlet to neighbouring land locked Ethiopia. Presence of French, American and Japanese military contingents on its soil speak volumes of its strategic importanc. India has a long history of trade with Djibouti. Over the years both have developed multifaceted relationship. India’s trade with Europe, Mediterranean and Arab world depends on the Bab al Mandeb. To protect its trade and economic interests and to associate with US in its war against terror, India regularly sends combat ships and conducts naval exercises near Djibout. The paper explores India’s relations with Djibouti in the overall geopolitics of the Indian Ocean.

India has a long history of relationship with the Island states of western Indian Ocean. These islands have a number of people of Indian origin. Strategically important, these islands are rich in resources. Historical relationship and Indian Diasporas can play a significant role in building a long lasting partnership with them. This is important to counter the rising Chinese presence on these islands and in the western Indian Ocean. Over the years, India has made efforts to develop economic, cultural and security relationship with them. It needs to make further efforts to consolidate this relationship in the overall mutual interest of India and the islands of western Indian Ocean. 
This paper is an attempt to understand the multifarious linkages India has with the island states of western Indian Ocean viz., Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. Paper explores the need to further consolidate this relationship for mutual benefit in the 21st century.

Founded on October 24, 1945, United Nations aims to maintain international peace and security develop friendly relations among nations and promote social progress, better living standards and human rights in the world. Of its five organs, Security Council is the most important which has five permanent members --USA, UK, France, Russia and China—who have veto power. The system of representation in the Security Council is flawed as it does not represent contemporary international realities. There is need and strong demand to reform and restructure the UN Security Council. Some newly emerging powers such as Brazil, Germany, Japan, and India have grouped together with the aim to secure permanent membership of the Security Council. Indian Ocean is a vast geographical region but does not have permanent membership in the Security Council. This paper build a strong case legitimate case for  permanent membership of as it is not only second largest population in the world; but has largest economy and navy in the region and played a crucial role in resolution of a number of conflicts worldwide and has worldwide support including that of four permanent members of the Security Council.