The role of gain in an optical filter is advanced by good agreement between theory and experiment... more The role of gain in an optical filter is advanced by good agreement between theory and experiment presented herein. The particular integrated photonic filter is composed of four semiconductor optical amplifiers and one four-port coupler located at the intersection of the amplifiers. The four-port coupler is realized using frustrated total internal reflection off a very thin slab of alumina embedded in the substrate. The delta function response of the filter is measured using an ultra-fast laser and cross-correlator, and the measured transfer functions agree well with a z-transform-based description of the device.
Permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus requires loss of cells from the muscle media and devel... more Permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus requires loss of cells from the muscle media and development of neointimal mounds, composed in part of proliferating endothelial cells. We hypothesized that postnatal ductus constriction produces hypoxia of the inner vessel wall; we also hypothesized that hypoxia might lead to cell death and the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), a hypoxia-inducible growth factor that stimulates endothelial proliferation. We mapped the distribution of hypoxia in newborn baboons and correlated it with the appearance of cell death (TUNEL technique), VEGF expression, and endothelial proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression). In the full-term baboon (n=10), the ductus was functionally closed on Doppler examination by 24 h after delivery. Regions of the ductus where the lumen was most constricted were associated with moderate/intense hypoxia; VEGF expression was increased in the hypoxic muscle media, and luminal endothelial cells, adjacent to the hypoxic media, were proliferating. Cells in the most hypoxic regions of the ductus wall were undergoing DNA fragmentation. In contrast, regions of the ductus with mild degrees of hypoxia had no evidence of cell death, VEGF expression, or endothelial proliferation. Cell death and endothelial proliferation seemed to be limited to regions of the full-term ductus experiencing moderate/intense hypoxia. In the premature baboon (67% gestation) (n=24), only 29% closed their ductus by Doppler examination before d 6. None of the premature baboons, including those with a closed ductus by Doppler, had evidence of moderate/intense hypoxia; also, there was no evidence of cell death, VEGF expression, endothelial proliferation, or neointima formation by d 6. Therefore, the premature ductus is resistant to developing hypoxia, even when its lumen is constricted; this may make it susceptible to later reopening.
... Nahid Farzi a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , ... more ... Nahid Farzi a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Reza Safari a and Fakhri Kermanpour b. ... The surface tension of liquid alkali metals has been obtained from the molecular dynamic studies using g(σ,ρ,T) and S E /Nk B ≈ S 2 /Nk B ...
... Duncan L. MacFarlane1,*, Marc P. Christensen2, Amr El Nagdi1, Gary A. Evans2, Louis R. Hunt1,... more ... Duncan L. MacFarlane1,*, Marc P. Christensen2, Amr El Nagdi1, Gary A. Evans2, Louis R. Hunt1, Nathan Huntoon2, Jiyoung Kim4, TW Kim4, Jay Kirk2, Tim P. LaFave Jr.1, Ke Liu1, Viswanath Ramakrishna3, Mieczyslaw Dabkowski3, and Nahid ... [2] M. De Vittorio, MT Todaro, T ...
Four port (4times4) couplers will be useful components for dense, planar photonic integration. A ... more Four port (4times4) couplers will be useful components for dense, planar photonic integration. A compact, high efficiency implementation based on evanescent coupling across a nanoscale gap is discussed.
Four-port frustrated total internal reflection couplers in InP-based GalnAsP quantum-well substra... more Four-port frustrated total internal reflection couplers in InP-based GalnAsP quantum-well substrates are realized and characterized. Each coupler forms an "X" at the perpendicular intersection of two ridge waveguides and is aligned 45° to the optical path. The 180-nm-wide couplers are fabricated by dry etching deep trenches through the quantum wells and backfilling with alumina (n = 1.71) by atomic layer deposition. Coupling coefficients for the fabricated coupler are in good agreement with a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain theory, and an 82% coupler efficiency is estimated.
The article reviews the steadily increasing literature on tuberculosis outbreaks involving Mycoba... more The article reviews the steadily increasing literature on tuberculosis outbreaks involving Mycobacterium bovis, a bacillus traditionally associated with cattle and dairy products but in fact syndemic in a wide range of other animals including humans. Six major categories of journals cover this story: human infectious diseases and epidemiology, general human medicine, general veterinary practice, veterinary management of zoonoses and wildlife diseases, major multiscience journals, and microbiology. The journal literature is highly concentrated: Twelve high-impact journals account for more than half the citations, while sixty-seven others account for the remainder. While the incidence of food-borne TB has declined in most of the economically developed Western world, there remains a serious potential for dairy-based flares along the U.S.–Mexican border, for venison-associated outbreaks at the U.S.–Canadian border, and for continuing infection of herds in the United Kingdom due to a stubborn residual pool of infected grazing lands. While the consumption of unpasteurized raw milk and artisanal cheeses is generally inadvisable in many parts of the world, small-scale organic dairy farmers in economically developed countries who are particularly scrupulous in maintaining the health of their herds and cleanliness of the production process pose only a limited threat to public health, although occasional small-scale outbreaks will inevitably occur without pasteurization. However, in poorer countries, and especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the confluence of wildlife, cattle, dairy operations, and rampant TB involving HIV/AIDS-compromised farm workers and consumers has created a nightmare cycle of infection and reinfection.
The unemployment of Muslims in Australia was 28 and 25 per cent compared to the national total of... more The unemployment of Muslims in Australia was 28 and 25 per cent compared to the national total of around nine per cent in 1986 and 1996 respectively (Australian Bureau of Statistics). This article conceptually analyses the disadvantaged position of the Muslims in the Australian labour market from 1980 to 2001 within a framework of ‘structural racism’. It studies the Muslims from three perspectives: first, a comparative study of the qualifications and unemployment of the Muslim labour force in relation to the dominant population. Secondly, it examines the extent of this disadvantaged position in comparison with other ethnic minorities within an historical context. Finally, the basis of structural racism is explored to demonstrate how the Muslims have become systematically victimized. The analysis concludes that Muslims are significantly disadvantaged in Australia on the basis of their ethnicity and religion.
Emerging architectures for chip scale optical filtering under development are presented and analy... more Emerging architectures for chip scale optical filtering under development are presented and analyzed. In particular the 2-D active lattice filter is described. Key components for their realization are discussed.
The role of gain in an optical filter is advanced by good agreement between theory and experiment... more The role of gain in an optical filter is advanced by good agreement between theory and experiment presented herein. The particular integrated photonic filter is composed of four semiconductor optical amplifiers and one four-port coupler located at the intersection of the amplifiers. The four-port coupler is realized using frustrated total internal reflection off a very thin slab of alumina embedded in the substrate. The delta function response of the filter is measured using an ultra-fast laser and cross-correlator, and the measured transfer functions agree well with a z-transform-based description of the device.
Permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus requires loss of cells from the muscle media and devel... more Permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus requires loss of cells from the muscle media and development of neointimal mounds, composed in part of proliferating endothelial cells. We hypothesized that postnatal ductus constriction produces hypoxia of the inner vessel wall; we also hypothesized that hypoxia might lead to cell death and the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), a hypoxia-inducible growth factor that stimulates endothelial proliferation. We mapped the distribution of hypoxia in newborn baboons and correlated it with the appearance of cell death (TUNEL technique), VEGF expression, and endothelial proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression). In the full-term baboon (n=10), the ductus was functionally closed on Doppler examination by 24 h after delivery. Regions of the ductus where the lumen was most constricted were associated with moderate/intense hypoxia; VEGF expression was increased in the hypoxic muscle media, and luminal endothelial cells, adjacent to the hypoxic media, were proliferating. Cells in the most hypoxic regions of the ductus wall were undergoing DNA fragmentation. In contrast, regions of the ductus with mild degrees of hypoxia had no evidence of cell death, VEGF expression, or endothelial proliferation. Cell death and endothelial proliferation seemed to be limited to regions of the full-term ductus experiencing moderate/intense hypoxia. In the premature baboon (67% gestation) (n=24), only 29% closed their ductus by Doppler examination before d 6. None of the premature baboons, including those with a closed ductus by Doppler, had evidence of moderate/intense hypoxia; also, there was no evidence of cell death, VEGF expression, endothelial proliferation, or neointima formation by d 6. Therefore, the premature ductus is resistant to developing hypoxia, even when its lumen is constricted; this may make it susceptible to later reopening.
... Nahid Farzi a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , ... more ... Nahid Farzi a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Reza Safari a and Fakhri Kermanpour b. ... The surface tension of liquid alkali metals has been obtained from the molecular dynamic studies using g(σ,ρ,T) and S E /Nk B ≈ S 2 /Nk B ...
... Duncan L. MacFarlane1,*, Marc P. Christensen2, Amr El Nagdi1, Gary A. Evans2, Louis R. Hunt1,... more ... Duncan L. MacFarlane1,*, Marc P. Christensen2, Amr El Nagdi1, Gary A. Evans2, Louis R. Hunt1, Nathan Huntoon2, Jiyoung Kim4, TW Kim4, Jay Kirk2, Tim P. LaFave Jr.1, Ke Liu1, Viswanath Ramakrishna3, Mieczyslaw Dabkowski3, and Nahid ... [2] M. De Vittorio, MT Todaro, T ...
Four port (4times4) couplers will be useful components for dense, planar photonic integration. A ... more Four port (4times4) couplers will be useful components for dense, planar photonic integration. A compact, high efficiency implementation based on evanescent coupling across a nanoscale gap is discussed.
Four-port frustrated total internal reflection couplers in InP-based GalnAsP quantum-well substra... more Four-port frustrated total internal reflection couplers in InP-based GalnAsP quantum-well substrates are realized and characterized. Each coupler forms an "X" at the perpendicular intersection of two ridge waveguides and is aligned 45° to the optical path. The 180-nm-wide couplers are fabricated by dry etching deep trenches through the quantum wells and backfilling with alumina (n = 1.71) by atomic layer deposition. Coupling coefficients for the fabricated coupler are in good agreement with a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain theory, and an 82% coupler efficiency is estimated.
The article reviews the steadily increasing literature on tuberculosis outbreaks involving Mycoba... more The article reviews the steadily increasing literature on tuberculosis outbreaks involving Mycobacterium bovis, a bacillus traditionally associated with cattle and dairy products but in fact syndemic in a wide range of other animals including humans. Six major categories of journals cover this story: human infectious diseases and epidemiology, general human medicine, general veterinary practice, veterinary management of zoonoses and wildlife diseases, major multiscience journals, and microbiology. The journal literature is highly concentrated: Twelve high-impact journals account for more than half the citations, while sixty-seven others account for the remainder. While the incidence of food-borne TB has declined in most of the economically developed Western world, there remains a serious potential for dairy-based flares along the U.S.–Mexican border, for venison-associated outbreaks at the U.S.–Canadian border, and for continuing infection of herds in the United Kingdom due to a stubborn residual pool of infected grazing lands. While the consumption of unpasteurized raw milk and artisanal cheeses is generally inadvisable in many parts of the world, small-scale organic dairy farmers in economically developed countries who are particularly scrupulous in maintaining the health of their herds and cleanliness of the production process pose only a limited threat to public health, although occasional small-scale outbreaks will inevitably occur without pasteurization. However, in poorer countries, and especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, the confluence of wildlife, cattle, dairy operations, and rampant TB involving HIV/AIDS-compromised farm workers and consumers has created a nightmare cycle of infection and reinfection.
The unemployment of Muslims in Australia was 28 and 25 per cent compared to the national total of... more The unemployment of Muslims in Australia was 28 and 25 per cent compared to the national total of around nine per cent in 1986 and 1996 respectively (Australian Bureau of Statistics). This article conceptually analyses the disadvantaged position of the Muslims in the Australian labour market from 1980 to 2001 within a framework of ‘structural racism’. It studies the Muslims from three perspectives: first, a comparative study of the qualifications and unemployment of the Muslim labour force in relation to the dominant population. Secondly, it examines the extent of this disadvantaged position in comparison with other ethnic minorities within an historical context. Finally, the basis of structural racism is explored to demonstrate how the Muslims have become systematically victimized. The analysis concludes that Muslims are significantly disadvantaged in Australia on the basis of their ethnicity and religion.
Emerging architectures for chip scale optical filtering under development are presented and analy... more Emerging architectures for chip scale optical filtering under development are presented and analyzed. In particular the 2-D active lattice filter is described. Key components for their realization are discussed.
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Papers by Nahid Evan