Abstract This study was aimed to examine chemical composition and biological activities of water,... more Abstract This study was aimed to examine chemical composition and biological activities of water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. (Lamiaceae). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the largest amounts of polyphenols were present in methanol extract, followed by ethanol and water extracts, with the kaempferol glycosides as the most abundant components (>40%). Water extract was the most powerful in 2.2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching antioxidant assays, while the ethanol extract performed the highest activity in 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) assay. Methanol and water extracts neutralized DPPH radicals more efficiently than standard 3.5-di- tert -butyl-4 hydroxytoluene (BHT) (15.1 μg/mL, 15.8 μg/mL and 17.9 μg/mL, respectively). The antioxidant activity could be possibly attributed to very high content of kaempferol glycosides in the extracts. Ethanol extract was more active against pathogenic bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC, ranged between 30.0 mg/mL and 40.0 mg/mL) than water extract, which was generally stronger antifungal agent (MIC varied from 8.0 mg/mL to 64.0 mg/mL). Water extract also showed stronger cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 cells than ethanol extract (IC 50 values were 114.1 μg/mL and 164.5 μg/mL, respectively). The ethanol extract showed slightly stronger antineurodegenerative effects than water extract, especially in tyrosinase inhibition where ethanol extract was considerably effective compared with commercial inhibitor kojic acid. Ethanol and water extracts of S. amplexicaulis showed strong antioxidant and antineurodegenerative activities, which places them among promising natural curative resources for food and pharmaceutical industries.
The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition, as well as antineurodegenerative, anti... more The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition, as well as antineurodegenerative, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) originating from Serbia, Greece, Egypt and Libya. Total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Determination of phenolic compounds in extracts was done using HPLC-DAD technique. Antibacterial activity included determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in the ethanolic extract of the Egyptian sample and in aqueous extract of Serbian sample. The HPLC analysis showed high content of rosmarinic acid, with the highest amount found in the ethanolic extract of the plants from Egypt. Water extracts showed prevalently better antioxidant a...
The tested plant extracts exert antioxidant, genoprotective and antigenotoxic activities by prote... more The tested plant extracts exert antioxidant, genoprotective and antigenotoxic activities by protecting the DNA from the effects of oxidative stress, reducing the inflicted damage and enhancing the DNA repair system in different model systems.
We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essen... more We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arra...
The antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol (10%, 30%, 50% and 96%) extracts of the aerial... more The antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol (10%, 30%, 50% and 96%) extracts of the aerial parts of Melittis melissophyllum L. were determined by DPP H, ABTS and FRAP assays. The content of flavonoids and phenols was also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay; their amounts ranged between 63.5 and 111.7 mg GAeqv/g, while the concentrations of flavonoids were from 7.33 to 56.00 mg Queqv/g. IC50 values of the DPP H scavenging effect were from 0.109 to 0.664 mg/mL. The DPP H scavenging effect of the extracts was determined and the obtained IC50 values were from 0.109 to 0.664 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical activity were from 0.45 to 0.89 mg ascorbic acid/g. The FRAP value was within the range 0.160-0.382 mmol Fe/mg. The obtained values were analyzed by means of multivariate analysis, employing a hierarchical cluster analysis and between-groups linkage. The presented results confirmed that M. melissophyl...
Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. w... more Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.
The polyphenolic content and biological activities of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,... more The polyphenolic content and biological activities of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of Cretan Salvia pomifera L. (Lamiaceae) were analysed. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest content of total phenolics and total flavonoids. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays, while the dichloromethane extract had the highest activity in the ABTS test. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity in the β-carotene--linoleic acid system. The antioxidant activity of extracts was positively correlated with the total content of phenolics. Extracts demonstrated weak antibacterial activity. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest acethylcholinesterase inhibition at 50 μg/mL, while the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts showed the highest activity of tyrosinase inhibition at 25 μg/mL. In view of the significance of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of neurological diseases, the noticeable antioxidant...
This research was aimed at investigating polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-neurodegenera... more This research was aimed at investigating polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerative activities of post-distillation waste extracts of Macedonian Salvia amplexicaulis, S. jurisicii and S. ringens, for the first time. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied in a broad range (3.92-146.49 mg GAE/g and 7.11-67.51 mg QE/g, respectively), with the highest values obtained for S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts. Certain S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts neutralized more than 80% of DPPH radicals at the highest concentration, while S. amplexicaulis extracts showed up to ≈50% inhibition of β-carotene oxidation in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Post-distillation waste extracts inhibited acetylcholinesterase (25.94-38.15%) and tyrosinase (18.84-59.52%), with the strongest inhibition of S. amplexicaulis extracts. The obtained results suggest that post-distillation waste of tested species, especially of S. amplexicaulis, show antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerat...
Abstract This study was aimed to examine chemical composition and biological activities of water,... more Abstract This study was aimed to examine chemical composition and biological activities of water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. (Lamiaceae). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the largest amounts of polyphenols were present in methanol extract, followed by ethanol and water extracts, with the kaempferol glycosides as the most abundant components (>40%). Water extract was the most powerful in 2.2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching antioxidant assays, while the ethanol extract performed the highest activity in 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) assay. Methanol and water extracts neutralized DPPH radicals more efficiently than standard 3.5-di- tert -butyl-4 hydroxytoluene (BHT) (15.1 μg/mL, 15.8 μg/mL and 17.9 μg/mL, respectively). The antioxidant activity could be possibly attributed to very high content of kaempferol glycosides in the extracts. Ethanol extract was more active against pathogenic bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC, ranged between 30.0 mg/mL and 40.0 mg/mL) than water extract, which was generally stronger antifungal agent (MIC varied from 8.0 mg/mL to 64.0 mg/mL). Water extract also showed stronger cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 cells than ethanol extract (IC 50 values were 114.1 μg/mL and 164.5 μg/mL, respectively). The ethanol extract showed slightly stronger antineurodegenerative effects than water extract, especially in tyrosinase inhibition where ethanol extract was considerably effective compared with commercial inhibitor kojic acid. Ethanol and water extracts of S. amplexicaulis showed strong antioxidant and antineurodegenerative activities, which places them among promising natural curative resources for food and pharmaceutical industries.
The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition, as well as antineurodegenerative, anti... more The aim of this study was to examine chemical composition, as well as antineurodegenerative, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) originating from Serbia, Greece, Egypt and Libya. Total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Determination of phenolic compounds in extracts was done using HPLC-DAD technique. Antibacterial activity included determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in the ethanolic extract of the Egyptian sample and in aqueous extract of Serbian sample. The HPLC analysis showed high content of rosmarinic acid, with the highest amount found in the ethanolic extract of the plants from Egypt. Water extracts showed prevalently better antioxidant a...
The tested plant extracts exert antioxidant, genoprotective and antigenotoxic activities by prote... more The tested plant extracts exert antioxidant, genoprotective and antigenotoxic activities by protecting the DNA from the effects of oxidative stress, reducing the inflicted damage and enhancing the DNA repair system in different model systems.
We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essen... more We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arra...
The antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol (10%, 30%, 50% and 96%) extracts of the aerial... more The antioxidant activities of methanol and ethanol (10%, 30%, 50% and 96%) extracts of the aerial parts of Melittis melissophyllum L. were determined by DPP H, ABTS and FRAP assays. The content of flavonoids and phenols was also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay; their amounts ranged between 63.5 and 111.7 mg GAeqv/g, while the concentrations of flavonoids were from 7.33 to 56.00 mg Queqv/g. IC50 values of the DPP H scavenging effect were from 0.109 to 0.664 mg/mL. The DPP H scavenging effect of the extracts was determined and the obtained IC50 values were from 0.109 to 0.664 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical activity were from 0.45 to 0.89 mg ascorbic acid/g. The FRAP value was within the range 0.160-0.382 mmol Fe/mg. The obtained values were analyzed by means of multivariate analysis, employing a hierarchical cluster analysis and between-groups linkage. The presented results confirmed that M. melissophyl...
Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. w... more Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.
The polyphenolic content and biological activities of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,... more The polyphenolic content and biological activities of dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of Cretan Salvia pomifera L. (Lamiaceae) were analysed. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest content of total phenolics and total flavonoids. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest activity in the DPPH and FRAP assays, while the dichloromethane extract had the highest activity in the ABTS test. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity in the β-carotene--linoleic acid system. The antioxidant activity of extracts was positively correlated with the total content of phenolics. Extracts demonstrated weak antibacterial activity. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest acethylcholinesterase inhibition at 50 μg/mL, while the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts showed the highest activity of tyrosinase inhibition at 25 μg/mL. In view of the significance of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of neurological diseases, the noticeable antioxidant...
This research was aimed at investigating polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-neurodegenera... more This research was aimed at investigating polyphenolic content, antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerative activities of post-distillation waste extracts of Macedonian Salvia amplexicaulis, S. jurisicii and S. ringens, for the first time. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents varied in a broad range (3.92-146.49 mg GAE/g and 7.11-67.51 mg QE/g, respectively), with the highest values obtained for S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts. Certain S. amplexicaulis and S. ringens extracts neutralized more than 80% of DPPH radicals at the highest concentration, while S. amplexicaulis extracts showed up to ≈50% inhibition of β-carotene oxidation in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. Post-distillation waste extracts inhibited acetylcholinesterase (25.94-38.15%) and tyrosinase (18.84-59.52%), with the strongest inhibition of S. amplexicaulis extracts. The obtained results suggest that post-distillation waste of tested species, especially of S. amplexicaulis, show antioxidant and anti-neurodegenerat...
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