Mathematics; CABEIHM

This research determines and analyzes the level of employability skills of the graduating and senior students of BS Business Administration, BS Accounting Management and BS Accountancy of Batangas State University. It uses the descriptive method of research, with survey questionnaire as data gathering instrument, and employs the SPSS for the statistical analysis. Results show that the employability skills of the students, particularly fundamental skills, teamwork skills and personal management skills, as assessed by the students themselves and their on-the-job training supervisors or employers, are above average. It further reveals that according to the employers there is no significant difference on the employability skills of male and female students but there is significant difference on some skills when the students are grouped according to program and major. It is worthy to note also that the students and the employers have almost similar assessments. Aiming for excellence, the study recommends that further improvements on instructions, curricula, educational practices and activities are still necessary.

This article presents the policies regarding Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) System of the Commission on Higher Education and explores some of the principles of OBE that abound the literature. It is intended to help Batangas State University, particularly the College of Accountancy, Business, Economics and International Hospitality Management, prepare for a paradigm shift to an outcomes-based higher education. It does not claim nor attempt to be a comprehensive review or treatise on OBE.  Rather, it provides concepts that are central to OBE and which can be put into practical actions.

This study determines the awareness of the stakeholders on the vision, mission, goals and objectives (VMGO) and how these are disseminated; evaluates the stakeholders’ understanding and acceptance of the VMGO; and assesses the perceptions of the stakeholders with regards to VMGO’s clarity and consistency, congruency to activities, practices, projects and operations, and attainability. It uses a descriptive type of research using survey approach, with a stakeholder survey questionnaire to gather data, and employs the SPSS for the statistical analysis. Results show that the stakeholders are generally aware, understand and accept the VMGO. The study also reveals that the stakeholders generally perceive that the VMGO are clearly stated, consistent with each other, congruent to educational practices or activities, and attainable. It also shows that the internal stakeholders, especially the administrators and faculty members, are much aware, understand and accept the VMGO than the external stakeholders. It further shows that respondents from Business Administration and Tourism Management programs are more aware, understand and accept the VMGO than the respondents from Hotel and Restaurant Management, Customs Administration, Accounting Management and Accountancy programs.

This article presents a diverse philosophy on the fundamental nature of human being, the meaning of man’s existence in this world, the existence of evil and the reason for man’s suffering, and the fulfillment of his function and his final destiny. The views however are not all-original and are just results of philosophical eclecticism. Perceptions and interpretations on several philosophies that seem to be odd with each other are sought to be brought together. Using basic mathematical concepts, particularly the real numbers and the mysterious infinity, existing philosophies are supplemented with novice-like insights from which everyone is free to disagree.

This paper assesses the ecotourism in Mount Maculot, Philippines and outlines the directions for sustainable development. The study is descriptive in nature and uses a survey questionnaire for gathering data. A major result of the study is the general agreement of the age-, sex-, and education-disaggregated respondents on all items presented to them for assessment in relation to environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects of ecotourism. Areas of immediate concern however, include the increasing number of tourists, the conservation of the mountain, the sluggish growth of local businesses, and the revitalization of local ethnic and cultural identity. The paper suggests that the national and local governments, as well as all other stakeholders, consider the following guidelines or directions for sustainable ecotourism in Mount Maculot: adherence to internationally accepted principles on ecotourism; development of long-term plans and policies; environmental education and consciousness and community cooperation for the protection of environment and preservation of local culture; empowerment of the community through involvement in planning and decision making; and designation of Mount Maculot as a reserve or protected area.

This study determines and analyzes the socio-cultural aspects of heritage tourism that attracts tourists and travelers to visit Taal Heritage Town in Batangas, Philippines. It is a descriptive-survey type of research participated by 346 Taal visitors. The respondents assessed and expressed their agreement or disagreement on each statement presented regarding Taal’s identity or distinctiveness, traditions and festivities, and its people’s traits or characteristics. The gathered data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS. Results show that tourists and travelers visit Taal Heritage Town because it is known for Barong Tagalog (national costume of male Filipinos) and gowns with burdang Taal (embroidery), well-preserved ancestral houses and historical sites, balisong knives, and the Basilica of St. Martin of Tours, along with food products and delicacies like tapa, longanisa, empanada, tawilis and panutsa that can be bought in the place. Further, visitors like Taal because of its exceptional traditions and festivities such as Mutya ng Taal, El Pasubat Festival, devotion to Our Lady of Caysasay, recitation of luwa (chant) to honour the Virgin Mary and the saints, and water fetching and drinking from the miraculous Well of Sta. Lucia; and also because Taaleños are kind and hospitable, responsive and cooperative, humble but proud of their part in Philippine history, and with good oral communication skills, aside from being predominantly devoted Catholics Christians.

Typical visitors to Taal Heritage Town are male and female Filipino young adults who had at least high school education and had visited Taal more than once or twice. Tests of differences further reveal that the older the visitors, the more they are attracted to visit the town and to appreciate its heritage tourism; females like or appreciate Taal’s traditions and festivities more than the males do; high school graduates like or appreciate the distinctiveness of Taal less than those who had higher, and even those who had lower, level of educational attainment; Filipinos like or appreciate Taal’s traditions and festivities more than foreigners do while foreigners like or appreciate Taaleños traits or characteristics more than fellow Filipinos do; and the higher the frequency of visits to Taal, the more they like or appreciate the town. It is recommended that the town and people of Taal should continue to preserve their heritage sites and houses, produce unique products, practice exceptional traditions and festivities, and exhibit good traits or characteristics to attract more tourists and travelers of the present and succeeding generations; to make more efforts to promote Taal heritage tourism to different age groups, especially to old age or senior citizens, and to different nationalities; and to give more emphasis on information dissemination regarding Taal’s traditions and festivities for such to be understood and more appreciated by tourists and travelers, especially by males and foreigners.

This study provides a clear-cut solution to a minimum distance problem, in particular, the problem of finding the minimum distance from a point to a line to another point on the same side of the line. The straightforward solution is a Pythagorean relation or formula which can be derived through geometrical construction and reasoning, and analytical approach using differentiation, particularly, the application of extreme-value theorem. Such formula is vital in solving minimum distance problems with greater ease, accuracy and speed. This will lessen the cost and waste of materials in practical engineering and business applications.

This study assessed religious tourism in Batangas, Philippines on the following aspects: historical significance, holiness and spirituality, and customs and traditions. The assessments made were also subjected to tests of differences when the respondents are grouped as to either residents or tourists and according to their age, sex, educational attainment and employment. Results show that both tourists and residents generally concurred on all religious tourism indicators presented to them for assessment, although there were also few indicators that had lower mean assessments than the others. While the differences on the assessments made by the different groups of respondents were not statistically significant, the slight differences are still noticeable. In particular, residents had somewhat more favourable assessment than the tourists, older respondents more than the younger, males more than the females, those with higher education more than those with lower education, and government employees more than those who are not in government service. These slight but still noticeable differences, together with religious tourism indicators having lower mean assessments than the others, can serve as bases for making proposals on how to further enrich the religious tourism in Batangas.

This study ascertains the contributions of on-the-job training (OJT) program of a university to the development of skills, personal qualities and competencies of tourism students. The study is descriptive and uses survey questionnaire for data gathering. Respondents consist of 74 tourism graduates from 2009 to 2013, which is 75.5% of the total number of graduates. Results show that the OJT program of the university has significant contributions to the development of students’ basic skills, thinking skills, personal qualities and competencies on resources, interpersonal, information, systems and technology. Further, the similarities of OJT contributions for males and females imply that there is no gender bias in the training places while the differences on OJT contributions for self-employed, casual, contractual and permanent employees indicate that those with more skills and competencies are more inclined to entrepreneurial activities than to employment. The OJT program is also consistent throughout the years in providing skills and personal qualities as indicated by the non-difference on OJT contributions when grouped according to graduation year. Of immediate concern, however, is the decline of OJT contributions to the competencies of 2013 graduates. The study recommends that the university should tie-up with more tourism industry partners that can give excellent trainings for students and offer more international OJT for them to be more globally competitive. The training of students should also be regularly monitored by university training coordinators. Finally, the university may also consider and study ways on how to develop the entrepreneurial skills of tourism students.

This study established some recurrence relations and exponential generating functions of the sequence of factoriangular numbers. A factoriangular number is defined as a sum of corresponding factorial and triangular number. The proofs utilize algebraic manipulations with some known results from calculus, particularly on power series and Maclaurin’s series. The recurrence relations were found by manipulating the formula defining a factoriangular number while the ascertained exponential generating functions were in the closed form.

Factoriangular numbers resulted from adding corresponding factorials and triangular numbers. If Ftn is the nth factoriangular number, n! is the factorial of n and Tn is the nth triangular number, then Ftn = n! + Tn. In this study, interesting results on the representations of factoriangular number as sum of two triangular numbers and as sum of two squares are presented.

When corresponding numbers in the sequence of factorials and sequence of triangular numbers are added, a new sequence of natural numbers is formed. In this study, these positive integers are called factoriangular numbers. Closely related to these new numbers are the runsums, trapezoidal and polite numbers. Some theorems on runsum representations of factoriangular numbers are proven here, as well as, a theorem on factoriangular number being represented as difference of two triangular numbers. Unambiguous definitions of trapezoidal number and number of trapezoidal arrangements are also given, including how these differ from runsum, polite number, number of runsums and politeness.

A new sequence of natural numbers can be formed by adding corresponding factorials and triangular numbers. In this paper, such numbers were named factoriangular numbers. Mathematical experimentations on these numbers resulted to the establishment of some of its characteristics. These include the parity, compositeness, the number and sum of its positive divisors, abundancy and deficiency, Zeckendorf’s decomposition, end digits, and digital roots of factoriangular numbers. Several theorems and corollaries were proven and some conjectures were also presented.

The study aims to present a trend analysis on the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) licensure examination performance of an accountancy school in the Philippines and compare this performance with those of other schools. The research method used is mostly quantitative, in which statistical tables and graphs were utilized as tools in the analysis. The data used in the analysis were taken from the website of a government agency in-charge of professional examinations. The schools considered for comparison were selected purposively: three competitor private schools in the city or nearby city, three state universities in the same region and three top performing schools in the country. Results show that the performance of the subject accountancy school in the CPA licensure examination was declining continuously in the past five years. Although it had still considerably good performances annually as evidenced by higher passing percentage compared to national passing percentage, the difference on the passing rates was also decreasing yearly. As compared to its competitor schools in the locality, its performance was best in 2012 but poorest in 2016. Among the four state universities in the region, it was ranked first in 2012 and second from 2013 to 2016. However, it was the only school among the ten schools considered here for trend analysis and comparison that had a continuous decline from 2012 to 2016. Further, the gap between its passing percentage and those of top performing schools was escalating yearly. It is suggested that the subject school should look for corrective measures to perform better in next examinations, retake the lead in the locality and region, and be at par with top performing accountancy schools in the country.

The study aimed to determine the employment status of the graduates of Bachelor of Science in Tourism – Hotel and Restaurant Management from Batangas State University during academic years 2004 – 2008. Eighty graduates answered the researcher-made questionnaire. Data collected on the profile of the graduate-respondents, employment status, present position, length of employment, nature of the company, monthly salary and field of expertise were analyzed using percentage, ranking and chi-square of association. Results revealed that majority of the graduates were female and single; most of them were contractual, waiters and waitresses, with 19-24 months of work experience, employed in the restaurant business and with monthly salary of Php 15001 – 20,000. They were mostly in the front office department of hotels and restaurants. A few reached the managerial position. It was also found out that the employment condition relates significantly to respondents’ position and field of expertise of the graduates.

A factoriangular number is defined as the sum of corresponding factorial and triangular number. This paper aims to generalize this number as sum of any factorial and any triangular number and explore such generalization. This study is a basic research in number theory that uses mathematical exposition and exploration. The generalized factoriangular number is of the form !  k nT , where ! n is the factorial of a natural number n and k T is the th k triangular number. When nk  , the sum is an ordinary factoriangular number. A consequence of the generalization is the creation of interesting Pascal-like triangles that are hereby called factoriangular triangles and formation of their corresponding integer sequences. Generalized factoriangular numbers and factoriangular triangles can be utilized as recreational mathematics for students. Further generalizations of factoriangular number and expositions on factoriangular triangles can be done next.

Objectives: To analyze the six-year performance trend of a Philippine state university in the Customs Broker Licensure Examination and compare this performance with those of other schools. Methods: It is a quantitative research; statistical tables and graphs were used in data presentation and analysis. Data were mined from the database of the government agency in-charge of professional examinations. The schools considered for comparison are the top ten performing customs administration schools in the Philippines for the period 2011-2016; six of which, including the subject school, are from South Luzon and Metro Manila and four are from other regions. Findings: The subject university’s performance in the Customs Broker Licensure Examination for the period 2011-2016 is considered very satisfactory with its annual passing percentage way above the national passing percentage by 50% to 160% higher. Said university is the best performing customs administration school in its region and second overall in the country in terms of licensure examination performance in the past six years. However, the subject school has decreasing passing percentage and the difference between this and the national average is also decreasing. Its competitor schools in the region and nearby region had been performing better and catching up with its performance in the last two years. The gap between the passing percentage of the subject school and the country’s leading customs administration school increased while its margin over the other top performing schools decreased in the last year. Applications/Improvements: It is, therefore, necessary that the subject university should design strategic measures to further enhance its performances to hold the lead in the region and be the best-performing customs school in the Philippines.

This study analyzes and compares the seven-year performance trends of the top ten customs administration schools in the Customs Broker Licensure Examination (CBLE) in the Philippines. It also determines the correlation between the number of examinees and performance ratings of each school and the statistical differences of the average ratings when the schools are grouped according to location and type of school. The study is a quantitative research that uses statistical graphs and tests in the analysis. Data were gathered from the website of the Professional Regulation Commission. The subject schools are the top ten customs schools based on the average passing rates on CBLE from 2011 to 2017, and provided that the school has an average of at least ten first-time examinees and participated with at least five first-time examinees in each examination. Results show that the performance trends of the ten schools are generally fluctuating, except for the performance of top school in South Luzon which tends to be decreasing and of the other two South Luzon schools which tend to be increasing. Moreover, the performance gaps among the schools also tend to be decreasing. Results further reveal that there is generally no significant correlation between number of first-time examines and school's passing rates except for the top South Luzon school where correlation test shows significant negative relationship. Tests of differences also show that there is generally no significant difference on the schools' performances when grouped according to location and according to type, except in the 2011 where the average passing rates of government schools is significantly higher than the average passing rates of private schools.