250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportion... more 250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportions of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 (with an increase in polymer to decrease in wood content) and extruded using a single screw extruder at a temperature range of 110–135 °C. The particles of Gmelina Arborea, Tectona grandis, Cordiamilleni, and Nauclea diderichii with recycled Polyethylene were compounded and compressed at 175 N/mm to produce biopolymer composites. The biopolymer composites were subjected to dimensional stability test at 24 h of the water soak method and the ability to withstand load-bearing capacity was investigated. The outcome of the results shows that extruded-compressive biopolymer composites had values ranging from 0.06–1.43 g/cm3, 0.38–3.41%, and 0.82–6.85% for observed density, water absorption, and thickness swelling at 24 h of a water soak test. The mechanical properties values ranged from 0.28 Nmm−2–21.35 Nmm−2 and 0.44–550.06 Nmm−2 for flexural modulus and strength;...
Journal of biologically active products from nature, Nov 2, 2017
Abstract A number of studies have shown that flavonoids possess numerous pharmacological properti... more Abstract A number of studies have shown that flavonoids possess numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anticancer effects. The study sought to determine the immunomodulatory, urease inhibitory, free radicals scavenging and cytotoxic activities of reflevone, a new flavonoid recently isolated from roots of Dioclea reflexa (Hook. F.). Reflevone, showed a very strong immunosuppressant effect on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated T-cell (IC50: 6.5 μg/mL) and exhibited a very good urease inhibition activity with IC value of 65.03 ± 1.66 μM as compared to standard, thiourea (IC50 = 21 ± 0.11 μM). Strong free radical scavenging activities were observed; it scavenged hydroxyl radical by 95.8% and bleached purple color of DPPH (IC50: 96.6 μg/mL) at 1.0 mg/mL. In addition, it reduced ferric ion significantly and compared favorably well with ascorbic acid (standard). However, it showed a mild cytotoxic effect on human lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). The findings suggest that various activities of reflevone may have pharmacological significance against immune disorders, gastrointestinal ulcers and oxidative stress diseases.
Three new flavonoids, reflevone 1, lexaflavanone 2 and lexaflavanol 3, together with, mearnsetin ... more Three new flavonoids, reflevone 1, lexaflavanone 2 and lexaflavanol 3, together with, mearnsetin 4, 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone 5, sepinol 6, pallasin 7, 4-OMGA (3, 5-dihydroxyl-4-methoxylbenzoic acid) 8, Lupeol 9, Hederagenin 10 and a rare dipeptide, auratiamide acetate 11 were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part of the ethanolic root extract of Dioclea reflexa. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The secondary metabolites were selectively examined for immunomodulatory, urease inhibitory, lypoxigenase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. Additionally, an in vitro cytotoxicity bioassay was carried on human non small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460). Our findings suggest that various activities of the new metabolites may indicate pharmacological potential against immune disorders, gastrointestinal ulcers and oxidative stress diseases.
Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Feb 9, 2020
Medicinal plants are rich sources of some active ingredients used in drugs synthesis and developm... more Medicinal plants are rich sources of some active ingredients used in drugs synthesis and development. Monkey cola is a common name given to some edible wild relatives of West African kola nut. The physico-chemical and phytochemical profile of Cola lepidota seeds were assessed using standard chemical methods. The proximate analysis showed that the seed contained moisture (9.40±0.02 %), ash (4.57±0.03 %), fibre (4.58±0.01 %), fat (16.70±0.02 %), protein (23.78±0.04 %) and carbohydrate (40.97±0.05 %). The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometer analysis revealed the presence hydroxyl (-OH), nitrile (C-N) and carboxylic acid (COOH) in the seed. Elemental analysis using Micro Particle induced X-ray emission/Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (PIXE/RBS) revealed the presence of major and trace elements like sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and manganese. The percentage composition of carbon was 57.53, oxygen 39.96 and nitrogen 0.84. The phytochemical contents (mg/100g) obtained in the sample were as follows; alkaloids 4239.37±0.29, flavonoids 10.72±0.14, saponins 22.5±0.02, tannins 288.44±27 and terpenoids 1032.00±41.70. This result shows that C. lepidota has some medicinal values and contains essential elements needed for human body growth and development. KEYWORDS: Physico-chemical properties, Phytochemical profile, Fourier transform infra- red (FTIR) spectrometer, Cola lepidota
Dioclins A <b>(1)</b> and B <b>(2),</b> the new flavonoids, have been iso... more Dioclins A <b>(1)</b> and B <b>(2),</b> the new flavonoids, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the roots of <i>Dioclea reflexa</i> along with 3,5-dihydroxy-4 methoxybenzoic acid (<b>3)</b>, lupeol (<b>4</b>) and the rare dipeptide, auratiamide acetate (<b>5</b>). Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed a significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay.
In search of lead compounds with no side effect, four medicinal plants; Euadenia trifoliata, Lact... more In search of lead compounds with no side effect, four medicinal plants; Euadenia trifoliata, Lactuca capensis, Alstonia boonei and Ficus platyphylla were screened for antioxidant activity. Dried leaves of the four plants were extracted with EtoAc/MeOH (1:1) and the extracts obtained were screened by TLC-Direct bioautography method (TLC-DB) to identify the most promising extract from the four plants for antioxidant property. The TLC chromatogram revealed that the extract from the leaf of Euadenia trifoliata was the most promising and was thus fractionated into dichloromethane, methanol and hexane soluble fractions. The fractions along with the crude extract were investigated for their phenolic contents and antioxidant potentials. Total phenolic content, TPCs, of the dichloromethane, methanol, crude and hexane extracts were 44.37, 28.83, 24.79 and 19.91 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents of extract, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the fractions using phosphomolybdate and free ra...
The essential oils from the leaf and stem bark of Oncoba spinosa were obtained through hydro-dist... more The essential oils from the leaf and stem bark of Oncoba spinosa were obtained through hydro-distillation while the non-volatile leaf extracts were obtained by solvent extraction. The essential oils and silylated extracts were analysed using GC-MS. A total of twenty-three compounds from leaf and fourteen from stem which accounted for 99.6% and 98.4% composition respectively were identified. The major chemical constituents of the leaf included methyl salicylate (22.3%), β-ionone (12.6%), neryl acetone (10.1%), E-2-tetradecen-1-ol (7.7%), 3-methyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.7%) while those found in the stem were tridecanoic (47.5%), copaene (7.4%), palmitic acid (6.7 %) and β-elemene (6.6%). Upon classification, the principal compounds found were terpeniods (41.6%) and derivatives of benzene (23.3%) for the leaf, and fatty acid derivatives (70.1%) and terpenoids (29.2%) for the stem bark. The silylated hexane extract of O. sp...
Following different inventions to provide an environmentally friendly process for recycling polyt... more Following different inventions to provide an environmentally friendly process for recycling polythene waste materials, we have carried out the production and characterization of alkyl benzenes. The alkyl benzenes were prepared by a process which involved simultaneous introduction of benzene (30 mL), polythene (discarded water packaging sachet) 0.5 g, and aluminum chloride (0.1 g) into a reactor at 130 °C and 760 mmHg. The production was carried out by varying the reaction time (five minutes intervals). For each time, the melting point and the solubility of the products were determined. UV and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses were used in the characterization of the products obtained. A colorless and waxy solid of alkyl benzene obtained each time showed UV absorptions in the range of 241 and 260 nm. The IR absorptions (υmax, cm-1) 1633, 1470 and 729 for aromatic benzene were also detected. The percentage yield of the product increased with reaction time. The products also agree favorably...
250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportion... more 250 µm particle size of wood and polyethylene (PE) materials were compounded at mixing proportions of 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20 (with an increase in polymer to decrease in wood content) and extruded using a single screw extruder at a temperature range of 110–135 °C. The particles of Gmelina Arborea, Tectona grandis, Cordiamilleni, and Nauclea diderichii with recycled Polyethylene were compounded and compressed at 175 N/mm to produce biopolymer composites. The biopolymer composites were subjected to dimensional stability test at 24 h of the water soak method and the ability to withstand load-bearing capacity was investigated. The outcome of the results shows that extruded-compressive biopolymer composites had values ranging from 0.06–1.43 g/cm3, 0.38–3.41%, and 0.82–6.85% for observed density, water absorption, and thickness swelling at 24 h of a water soak test. The mechanical properties values ranged from 0.28 Nmm−2–21.35 Nmm−2 and 0.44–550.06 Nmm−2 for flexural modulus and strength;...
Journal of biologically active products from nature, Nov 2, 2017
Abstract A number of studies have shown that flavonoids possess numerous pharmacological properti... more Abstract A number of studies have shown that flavonoids possess numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anticancer effects. The study sought to determine the immunomodulatory, urease inhibitory, free radicals scavenging and cytotoxic activities of reflevone, a new flavonoid recently isolated from roots of Dioclea reflexa (Hook. F.). Reflevone, showed a very strong immunosuppressant effect on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated T-cell (IC50: 6.5 μg/mL) and exhibited a very good urease inhibition activity with IC value of 65.03 ± 1.66 μM as compared to standard, thiourea (IC50 = 21 ± 0.11 μM). Strong free radical scavenging activities were observed; it scavenged hydroxyl radical by 95.8% and bleached purple color of DPPH (IC50: 96.6 μg/mL) at 1.0 mg/mL. In addition, it reduced ferric ion significantly and compared favorably well with ascorbic acid (standard). However, it showed a mild cytotoxic effect on human lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). The findings suggest that various activities of reflevone may have pharmacological significance against immune disorders, gastrointestinal ulcers and oxidative stress diseases.
Three new flavonoids, reflevone 1, lexaflavanone 2 and lexaflavanol 3, together with, mearnsetin ... more Three new flavonoids, reflevone 1, lexaflavanone 2 and lexaflavanol 3, together with, mearnsetin 4, 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone 5, sepinol 6, pallasin 7, 4-OMGA (3, 5-dihydroxyl-4-methoxylbenzoic acid) 8, Lupeol 9, Hederagenin 10 and a rare dipeptide, auratiamide acetate 11 were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part of the ethanolic root extract of Dioclea reflexa. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 and 2-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The secondary metabolites were selectively examined for immunomodulatory, urease inhibitory, lypoxigenase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities. Additionally, an in vitro cytotoxicity bioassay was carried on human non small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460). Our findings suggest that various activities of the new metabolites may indicate pharmacological potential against immune disorders, gastrointestinal ulcers and oxidative stress diseases.
Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria, Feb 9, 2020
Medicinal plants are rich sources of some active ingredients used in drugs synthesis and developm... more Medicinal plants are rich sources of some active ingredients used in drugs synthesis and development. Monkey cola is a common name given to some edible wild relatives of West African kola nut. The physico-chemical and phytochemical profile of Cola lepidota seeds were assessed using standard chemical methods. The proximate analysis showed that the seed contained moisture (9.40±0.02 %), ash (4.57±0.03 %), fibre (4.58±0.01 %), fat (16.70±0.02 %), protein (23.78±0.04 %) and carbohydrate (40.97±0.05 %). The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometer analysis revealed the presence hydroxyl (-OH), nitrile (C-N) and carboxylic acid (COOH) in the seed. Elemental analysis using Micro Particle induced X-ray emission/Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (PIXE/RBS) revealed the presence of major and trace elements like sodium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and manganese. The percentage composition of carbon was 57.53, oxygen 39.96 and nitrogen 0.84. The phytochemical contents (mg/100g) obtained in the sample were as follows; alkaloids 4239.37±0.29, flavonoids 10.72±0.14, saponins 22.5±0.02, tannins 288.44±27 and terpenoids 1032.00±41.70. This result shows that C. lepidota has some medicinal values and contains essential elements needed for human body growth and development. KEYWORDS: Physico-chemical properties, Phytochemical profile, Fourier transform infra- red (FTIR) spectrometer, Cola lepidota
Dioclins A <b>(1)</b> and B <b>(2),</b> the new flavonoids, have been iso... more Dioclins A <b>(1)</b> and B <b>(2),</b> the new flavonoids, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the roots of <i>Dioclea reflexa</i> along with 3,5-dihydroxy-4 methoxybenzoic acid (<b>3)</b>, lupeol (<b>4</b>) and the rare dipeptide, auratiamide acetate (<b>5</b>). Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> showed a significant antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay.
In search of lead compounds with no side effect, four medicinal plants; Euadenia trifoliata, Lact... more In search of lead compounds with no side effect, four medicinal plants; Euadenia trifoliata, Lactuca capensis, Alstonia boonei and Ficus platyphylla were screened for antioxidant activity. Dried leaves of the four plants were extracted with EtoAc/MeOH (1:1) and the extracts obtained were screened by TLC-Direct bioautography method (TLC-DB) to identify the most promising extract from the four plants for antioxidant property. The TLC chromatogram revealed that the extract from the leaf of Euadenia trifoliata was the most promising and was thus fractionated into dichloromethane, methanol and hexane soluble fractions. The fractions along with the crude extract were investigated for their phenolic contents and antioxidant potentials. Total phenolic content, TPCs, of the dichloromethane, methanol, crude and hexane extracts were 44.37, 28.83, 24.79 and 19.91 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents of extract, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the fractions using phosphomolybdate and free ra...
The essential oils from the leaf and stem bark of Oncoba spinosa were obtained through hydro-dist... more The essential oils from the leaf and stem bark of Oncoba spinosa were obtained through hydro-distillation while the non-volatile leaf extracts were obtained by solvent extraction. The essential oils and silylated extracts were analysed using GC-MS. A total of twenty-three compounds from leaf and fourteen from stem which accounted for 99.6% and 98.4% composition respectively were identified. The major chemical constituents of the leaf included methyl salicylate (22.3%), β-ionone (12.6%), neryl acetone (10.1%), E-2-tetradecen-1-ol (7.7%), 3-methyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.7%) while those found in the stem were tridecanoic (47.5%), copaene (7.4%), palmitic acid (6.7 %) and β-elemene (6.6%). Upon classification, the principal compounds found were terpeniods (41.6%) and derivatives of benzene (23.3%) for the leaf, and fatty acid derivatives (70.1%) and terpenoids (29.2%) for the stem bark. The silylated hexane extract of O. sp...
Following different inventions to provide an environmentally friendly process for recycling polyt... more Following different inventions to provide an environmentally friendly process for recycling polythene waste materials, we have carried out the production and characterization of alkyl benzenes. The alkyl benzenes were prepared by a process which involved simultaneous introduction of benzene (30 mL), polythene (discarded water packaging sachet) 0.5 g, and aluminum chloride (0.1 g) into a reactor at 130 °C and 760 mmHg. The production was carried out by varying the reaction time (five minutes intervals). For each time, the melting point and the solubility of the products were determined. UV and FT-IR spectroscopic analyses were used in the characterization of the products obtained. A colorless and waxy solid of alkyl benzene obtained each time showed UV absorptions in the range of 241 and 260 nm. The IR absorptions (υmax, cm-1) 1633, 1470 and 729 for aromatic benzene were also detected. The percentage yield of the product increased with reaction time. The products also agree favorably...
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