The calculation of ground-state energies of physical systems can be formalized as the $k$-local Hamiltonian problem, which is a natural quantum analogue of classical constraint satisfaction problems. One way of making the problem more physically meaningful ...
QMA and QCMA are possible quantum analogues of the complexity class NP. In QMA the proof is a quantum state and the verification is a quantum circuit. In contrast, in QCMA the proof is restricted to be a classical state. It is not known whether QMA ...
Perturbative gadgets are used to construct a quantum Hamiltonian whose low-energy subspace approximates a given quantum k-local Hamiltonian up to an absolute error ε. Typically, gadget constructions involve terms with large interaction strengths of ...
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