skip to main content
10.5555/3237383.3237892acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesaamasConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

Social Decisions and Fairness Change When People's Interests Are Represented by Autonomous Agents

Published: 09 July 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Recent times have seen an emergence of a new breed of intelligent machines that act autonomously on our behalf, such as autonomous vehicles, drones, personal assistants, etc. These machines introduce a new interaction paradigm where people instruct, or program, these agents to act on their behalf with others. Here we show that this act of programming changes the way people think about the situation, often leading them to adopt a broader perspective and act more fairly. We present four studies where participants made fairer decisions in ultimatum and negotiation tasks when engaging through an agent representative, when compared to direct interaction with others. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the cognitive factors underlying people's decision making when designing autonomous machines, if we wish to promote a fairer society.

References

[1]
Lin, R., Kraus, S., Oshrat, Y., & Gal, Y. (2010). Facilitating the evaluation of automated negotiators using peer designed agents. In Proceedings of the 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'10).
[2]
Chalamish, M., Sarne, D., & Lin, R. (2013). Enhancing parking simulations using peer-designed agents. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(1), 492--498.
[3]
Grosz, B., Kraus, S., & Talman, S. (2004). The influence of social dependencies on decision-making: initial investigations with a new game. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS'04).
[4]
Elmalech, A., & Sarne, D. (2013). Evaluating the applicability of peer-designed agents for mechanism evaluation. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal, 12(2), 171--191.
[5]
Hoffman, E., McCabe, K., & Smith, V. (1996). Social distance and other-regarding behavior in dictator games. American Economic Review, 86, 653--660.
[6]
Goeree, J., McConnell, M., Mitchell, T., Tromp, T., & Yariv, L. (2010). The 1/d law of giving. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2, 183--203.
[7]
Yu, R., Hu, P., & Zhang, P. (2015). Social distance and anonymity modulate fairness consideration: An ERP study. Science Reports, 5, 1--12.
[8]
Pronin, E., Olivola, C., & Kennedy, K. (2008). Doing unto future selves as you would do unto others: Psychological distance and decision making. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 224--236.
[9]
Nowak, M., & May, R. (1992). Evolutionary games and spatial chaos. Nature, 359, 826--829.
[10]
Rauhut, H., & Winter, F. (2010). A sociological perspective on measuring social norms by means of strategy method experiments. Social Science Research, 39, 1181--1194.
[11]
Güth, W., & Tietz, R. (1990). Ultimatum bargaining behavior: A survey and comparison of experimental results. Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, 417--449.
[12]
Oosterbeek, H., Sloof, R., & Van de Kuilen, G. (2004). Cultural differences in ultimatum game experiments: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Experimental Economics, 7, 171--188.
[13]
Güth, W., Schmittberger, R., & Schwarze, B. (1982). An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 3, 367--388.
[14]
Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., Camerer, C., Fehr, E., et al. (2001). In search of homo economicus: behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. American Economic Review, 91, 73--78.
[15]
Camerer, C., & Thaler, R. (1995). Ultimatums, dictators, and manners. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9, 209--219.
[16]
Yamagishi, T., Horita, H., Shinada. M., Tanida, S., & Cook, K. (2009). The private rejection of unfair offers and emotional commitment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 106, 11520--11523.

Index Terms

  1. Social Decisions and Fairness Change When People's Interests Are Represented by Autonomous Agents

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      AAMAS '18: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems
      July 2018
      2312 pages

      Sponsors

      In-Cooperation

      Publisher

      International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems

      Richland, SC

      Publication History

      Published: 09 July 2018

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. agent representatives
      2. decision making
      3. fairness

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      Conference

      AAMAS '18
      Sponsor:
      AAMAS '18: Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems
      July 10 - 15, 2018
      Stockholm, Sweden

      Acceptance Rates

      AAMAS '18 Paper Acceptance Rate 149 of 607 submissions, 25%;
      Overall Acceptance Rate 1,155 of 5,036 submissions, 23%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • 0
        Total Citations
      • 155
        Total Downloads
      • Downloads (Last 12 months)39
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4
      Reflects downloads up to 28 Dec 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Login options

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media