非洲联盟:修订间差异

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|population_estimate_year = 2016
|population_density_km2 = 33.9
|GDP_PPP = 3.757万亿美元<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web|url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&pr.y=10&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=612%2C682%2C686%2C611%2C469%2C732%2C744%2C672&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=14 September 2006|accessdate=26 November 2012|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510130214/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=51&pr.y=10&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=612%2C682%2C686%2C611%2C469%2C732%2C744%2C672&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=4&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=603&s=PPPGDP&grp=1&a=1|title=Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects|publisher=IMF|date=14 September 2006|accessdate=26 November 2012|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510130510/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=4&sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=603&s=PPPGDP&grp=1&a=1}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank =
|GDP_PPP_year = 2014
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 3,568美元
|GDP_nominal = 2.390万亿美元<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=80&pr1.y=7&c=612%2C682%2C686%2C611%2C469%2C732%2C744%2C672&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=IMF|date=14 September 2006|accessdate=26 November 2012|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510130205/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=80&pr1.y=7&c=612%2C682%2C686%2C611%2C469%2C732%2C744%2C672&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=71&pr1.y=13&c=603&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=1&a=1|title=Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects |publisher=IMF|date=14 September 2006|accessdate=26 November 2012|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510130501/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2009&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=71&pr1.y=13&c=603&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=1&a=1}}</ref>
|GDP_nominal_year = 2014
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = 2,173美元
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}}
 
'''非洲聯盟'''({{lang-fr|Union africaine}},{{lang-en|African Union}},{{lang-ar|الاتحاد الأفريقي}},{{lang-pt|União Africana}},{{lang-sw|Umoja wa Afrika}},{{lang-es|Unión Africana}})是一個由55個[[非洲国家和地区列表|非洲国家]]組成的區域性[[國際組織]],集政治、經濟和軍事於一體來整合全非洲的政治實體。非洲聯盟於未來有計劃統一使用貨幣、聯合防禦力量、以及成立跨國家的機關,這包括一個管理非洲聯盟的內閣政府。此聯盟的主要目的是幫助發展及穩固非洲的民主、人權、以及建立永續發展的經濟,除此之外亦希望減少非洲內部的武裝戰亂及創造一個有效的[[共同市場]],最終目標是建立「[[非洲合眾國]]」。前身是1963年在[[埃塞俄比亚|埃塞俄比亞]]首都[[亚的斯亚贝巴]]成立的「[[非洲统一組織]]」。2002年7月在[[南非]]改組。<ref name=xinhua>{{cite web|title=非洲联盟(非盟)|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-07/07/content_958285.htm|publisher=新华网|accessdate=2013-10-12|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012210225/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-07/07/content_958285.htm|archivedate=2013-10-12}}</ref>2017年在第28届非盟首脑会议上,[[摩洛哥]]获得了54个成员国中的42国同意,时隔33年重新成为该组织成员国。<ref name=toutiao>{{cite web|title=33年前怒退非盟的摩洛哥终于重新成为会员国 |url=http://www.toutiao.com/i6381610219348165122/|publisher=头条新闻|accessdate=2017-01-31|archive-date=2021-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112165645/https://www.toutiao.com/i6381610219348165122/}}</ref>
 
== 概念 ==
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== 語言==
{{main|非洲聯盟的語言}}
[[非洲聯盟]]憲法規定的[[工作語言]]為:[[非洲語言]](如果可能的話)、[[阿拉伯語]]、[[英語]]、[[法語]]和[[葡萄牙語]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitutif Act of African Union |url=https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf |website=African Union |access-date=2020-03-01 |archive-date=2020-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415235637/https://au.int/sites/default/files/pages/34873-file-constitutiveact_en.pdf }}</ref>。
 
一項2003年採納的增修憲法條文協議,將非洲聯盟的[[官方語言]]定義為:[[阿拉伯語]]、[[英語]]、[[法語]]、[[葡萄牙語]]、[[西班牙語]]、[[史瓦希利語]]和任何其他的[[非洲語言]],並把使用官方語言和工作語言的程序和實際形式交由執行委員會決定。該增修條文會在得到2/3的成員國批准後生效<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.au.int/en/treaties/protocol-amendments-constitutive-act-african-union |title=Protocol on the Amendments to the Constitutive Act of the African Union {{!}} African Union|website=www.au.int|accessdate=20 February 2018|archive-date=2016-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617184101/http://au.int/en/treaties/protocol-amendments-constitutive-act-african-union}}</ref>。
 
== 成員國 ==
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[[File:Map of the African Union with Suspended States.svg|thumb|right|非洲聯盟成員國。]]
 
非洲聯盟目前共有55個正式成員國<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles |title = AU Member States |publisher = African Union |access-date = 30 January 2013 |dead-url = yes |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150109054331/http://www.au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles |archive-date =2015-01-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://africa.haiwainet.cn/n/2017/0123/c3542014-30679700.html |website = 新华网 |title = 第28届非洲联盟峰会拉开帷幕 |access-date = 30 January 2017 |archive-date = 2019-05-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190508192551/http://africa.haiwainet.cn/n/2017/0123/c3542014-30679700.html }}</ref>,所有非洲國家都已經加入非盟。
 
===正式成员国列表===
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{{MLI}}曾在2012年3月23日~2013年10月间因{{Le|2012年马里军事政变|2012 Malian coup d'état|军事政变}}暂停会籍,2020年8月19日~10月8日因[[2020年马里政变|第二次政变]]被二度暂停,2021年6月1日因[[2021年馬里政變|第三次政变]]而被三度暂停。
 
{{GUI}}在2021年9月因[[2021年幾內亞政变]]被暂停会籍<ref>{{cite news |title=非洲联盟暂停几内亚成员国资格 |url=https://www.chinanews.com/gj/2021/09-11/9563105.shtml |accessdate=2021-09-11 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112165731/https://www.chinanews.com/gj/2021/09-11/9563105.shtml }}</ref>。
 
=== 观察员国 ===
{{HTI}} 2012年2月2日于[[亚的斯亚贝巴]]召开的第18次非盟峰会上,海地得到观察员国资格,在那之后投交成为附属成员国的申请(因海地人口黑人佔絕大多数)。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-4863-haiti-diplomacy-haiti-becomes-a-member-of-the-african-union.html |title = Haiti – Diplomacy : Haiti becomes a member of the African Union – HaitiLibre.com, Haiti News, The haitian people's voice |publisher = Haitilibre.com |accessdate = 26 November 2012 |archive-date = 2020-08-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200812021622/https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-4863-haiti-diplomacy-haiti-becomes-a-member-of-the-african-union.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>
 
{{flag|Israel}} 2021年7月21日,以色列作为观察员国加入了非洲联盟,这将有助于以色列和非盟国家在抗击新冠疫情和打击恐怖主义方面进行更好的合作。<ref>{{Cite web|title=以色列以观察员国身份加入非洲联盟|url=https://news.sina.com.cn/w/2021-07-23/doc-ikqcfnca8470427.shtml|access-date=2021-07-24|date=2021-07-23|last=央视|work=news.sina.com.cn|archive-date=2021-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725145449/https://news.sina.com.cn/w/2021-07-23/doc-ikqcfnca8470427.shtml}}</ref>
 
{{KAZ}}和{{UAE}}均站2022高峰会议上接纳成为观察员国。
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== 外部連結 ==
* [http://au.int/ 非洲联盟官方网站] {{Wayback|url=http://au.int/ |date=20210202075018 }}{{en}}{{fr}}{{ar}}
* {{facebook|AfricanUnionCommission}}
* {{twitter|_AfricanUnion}}