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"Kalium" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

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~ r2.7.1) (bot siu-kái: sq:Kaliumi
無編輯摘要
 
(Iáu-bē hián-sī 44 tiong-kan pán-pún iû 25 iōng-tsiá)
Tē 1 chōa: Tē 1 chōa:
'''K''' ([[La-teng-gú]]: '''Kalium''') sī 1 ê [[hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘]].
{{about|chi̍t-khoán hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘||Ka-lí}}
{{Infobox element
|name=Kalium
|enname=potassium
|alt name=kalium, ka-lí
|number=19
|symbol=K
|left=[[argon]]
|right=[[khā-lú-siúm]]
|above=[[Natrium|Na]]
|below=[[rubidium|Rb]]
|series=kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k
|series comment=
|group=1
|period=4
|block=s
|series color=
|appearance=silvery gray
|image name=Potassium.JPG
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Potassium Spectrum.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of potassium
|atomic mass=39.0983
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 4s<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 1
|color=
|phase=kò͘-thé
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=0.862
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=0.828
|melting point K=336.7
|melting point C=63.5
|melting point F=146.3
|boiling point K=1032
|boiling point C=759
|boiling point F=1398
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=2223
|critical point MPa=16
|critical point ref=<ref>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.122}}</ref>
|heat fusion=2.33
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=76.9
|heat capacity=29.6
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''+1''', −1
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=0.82
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=418.8
|ionization energy 2=3052
|ionization energy 3=4420
|atomic radius=227
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=203±12
|Van der Waals radius=275
|magnetic ordering=paramagnetic
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=72
|thermal conductivity=102.5
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=83.3
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=2000
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=3.53
|Shear modulus=1.3
|Bulk modulus=3.1
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=0.4
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=0.363
|CAS number=7440-09-7
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=39 | sym=K | na=93.26% | n=20 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=40 | sym=K | na=0.012% | hl=[[1 E16 s|1.248(3)&times;10<sup>9</sup>&nbsp;y]] |
dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=1.311 | link1=calcium-40 | pn1=40 | ps1=Ca |
dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=1.505 | link2=argon-40 | pn2=40 | ps2=Ar |
dm3=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.505 | pn3=40 | ps3=Ar }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=41 | sym=K | na=6.73% | n=22 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]
|discovery date=1807
}}
'''Kalium''', mā ū hō '''Ka-lí''' (加里) ia̍h-sī '''Phok-tah-só͘-bú''' (剥荅叟母), sī 1 ê [[hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘]]. I ê [[goân-chú-hoan]] sī 19, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī K.


== Chham-khó ==
== Chham-khó ==
{{reflist}}
* [[Goân-sò͘ ê pió]]


{{stub}}
{{stub}}
{{Chiu-kî-piáu}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Goân-sò͘]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘]]
[[Category:Kim-sio̍k]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-sio̍k]]

[[af:Kalium]]
[[ar:بوتاسيوم]]
[[ast:Potasiu]]
[[az:Kalium]]
[[be:Калій]]
[[bg:Калий]]
[[bn:পটাশিয়াম]]
[[bs:Kalijum]]
[[ca:Potassi]]
[[co:Potassiu]]
[[cs:Draslík]]
[[cv:Кали]]
[[cy:Potasiwm]]
[[da:Kalium]]
[[de:Kalium]]
[[dv:ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް]]
[[el:Κάλιο]]
[[en:Potassium]]
[[eo:Kalio]]
[[es:Potasio]]
[[et:Kaalium]]
[[eu:Potasio]]
[[fa:پتاسیم]]
[[fi:Kalium]]
[[fr:Potassium]]
[[frr:Kalium]]
[[fur:Potassi]]
[[ga:Potaisiam]]
[[gl:Potasio]]
[[gv:Potashum]]
[[hak:Kap]]
[[haw:Potasiuma]]
[[he:אשלגן]]
[[hi:पोटैशियम]]
[[hr:Kalij]]
[[ht:Potasyòm]]
[[hu:Kálium]]
[[hy:Կալիում]]
[[id:Kalium]]
[[io:Kalio]]
[[is:Kalín]]
[[it:Potassio]]
[[ja:カリウム]]
[[jbo:sodnrkali]]
[[jv:Kalium]]
[[ka:კალიუმი]]
[[kn:ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್]]
[[ko:칼륨]]
[[ku:Qelye]]
[[la:Kalium]]
[[lb:Kalium]]
[[lij:Potassio]]
[[lt:Kalis]]
[[lv:Kālijs]]
[[mi:Konurehu]]
[[mk:Калиум]]
[[ml:പൊട്ടാസ്യം]]
[[mr:पोटॅशियम]]
[[ms:Kalium]]
[[nds:Kalium]]
[[nl:Kalium]]
[[nn:Kalium]]
[[no:Kalium]]
[[nov:Kalium]]
[[oc:Potassi]]
[[pa:ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ਿਅਮ]]
[[pl:Potas]]
[[pnb:پوٹاشیم]]
[[pt:Potássio]]
[[qu:Kalyu]]
[[ro:Potasiu]]
[[ru:Калий]]
[[rw:Potasiyumu]]
[[sah:Калиум]]
[[scn:Putassa]]
[[sh:Kalij]]
[[simple:Potassium]]
[[sk:Draslík]]
[[sl:Kalij]]
[[sq:Kaliumi]]
[[sr:Калијум]]
[[stq:Kalium]]
[[sv:Kalium]]
[[sw:Kali]]
[[ta:பொட்டாசியம்]]
[[te:పొటాషియం]]
[[tg:Калий]]
[[th:โพแทสเซียม]]
[[tl:Potasyo]]
[[tr:Potasyum]]
[[tt:Калий]]
[[ug:كالىي]]
[[uk:Калій]]
[[ur:اُشنانصر]]
[[uz:Kaliy]]
[[vi:Kali]]
[[vls:Kalium]]
[[wa:Potassiom]]
[[war:Potassium]]
[[xal:Калион]]
[[yi:קאליום]]
[[yo:Potassium]]
[[za:Gyaz]]
[[zh:钾]]
[[zh-yue:鉀]]

Hiān-chú-sî (2023-nî 1-goe̍h 24-ji̍t (pài-jī) 09:04) ê siu-tēng-pún

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī koan-hē chi̍t-khoán hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Ka-lí.
Kalium,  19K
Spectral lines of potassium
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō Kalium, K
Eng-bûn potassium
Phian-miâ kalium, ka-lí
Gōa-hêng silvery gray
Kalium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Chúi-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Helium (hi-iú khì-thé)
Lithium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Beryllium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Phêng-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Thoàⁿ-sò͘ (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chek-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Sng-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Hut-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Ne-óng (hi-iú khì-thé)
Natrium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Magnesium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-lú-mih (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Ke-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Lîn (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Liû-hông (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Iâm-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Argon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Kalium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Khā-lú-siúm (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Scandium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Titanium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Vanadium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chromium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Manganese (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thih (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cobalt (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nickel (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tâng (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-iân (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Germanium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Phi-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Selenium (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chhàu-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Krypton (hi-iú khì-thé)
Rubidium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Strontium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Yttrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Zirconium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Niobium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Molybdenum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Technetium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Ruthenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhodium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Palladium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cadmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Indium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Siah (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Antimony (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Tellurium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Ak-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Xenon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Caesium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Barium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Lanthanum (lanthanum-hē)
Cerium (lanthanum-hē)
Praseodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Neodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Promethium (lanthanum-hē)
Samarium (lanthanum-hē)
Europium (lanthanum-hē)
Gadolinium (lanthanum-hē)
Terbium (lanthanum-hē)
Dysprosium (lanthanum-hē)
Holmium (lanthanum-hē)
Erbium (lanthanum-hē)
Thulium (lanthanum-hē)
Ytterbium (lanthanum-hē)
Lutetium (lanthanum-hē)
Hafnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tantalum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Wolfram (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Osmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Iridium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Pe̍h-kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chúi-gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Iân (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Bismuth (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Polonium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Astatine (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Radon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Francium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Radium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Actinium (actinium-hē)
Thorium (actinium-hē)
Protactinium (actinium-hē)
Uranium (actinium-hē)
Neptunium (actinium-hē)
Plutonium (actinium-hē)
Americium (actinium-hē)
Curium (actinium-hē)
Berkelium (actinium-hē)
Californium (actinium-hē)
Einsteinium (actinium-hē)
Fermium (actinium-hē)
Mendelevium (actinium-hē)
Nobelium (actinium-hē)
Lawrencium (actinium-hē)
Rutherfordium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Dubnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Seaborgium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Bohrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Hassium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Meitnerium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Darmstadtium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Roentgenium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Copernicium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nihonium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Flerovium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Moscovium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Livermorium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Tennessine (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Oganesson (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
 Na
↑
K
↓
Rb
argon ← Kalium → khā-lú-siúm
Goân-chú-hoan 19
Goân-chú-liōng (±) 39.0983(1)[1]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t   kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu 1 cho̍k, s khu
Chiu-kî tē 4 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t [Ar] 4s1
per shell 2, 8, 8, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám 336.7 K ​(63.5 °C, ​146.3 °F)
Hut-tiám 1032 K ​(759 °C, ​1398 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un) 0.862 g·cm−3
0.828 g·cm−3
Lîm-kài-tiám 2223 K, 16 MPa[2]
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t 2.33 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t 76.9 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng 29.6 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘ +1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘ Pauling scale: 0.82
Tiān-lī-lêng 1st: 418.8 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 3052 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 4420 kJ·mol−1
(more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng empirical: 227 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng 203±12 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng 275 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for Kalium
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á) 2000 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng 83.3 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t 102.5 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t 72 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng paramagnetic[3]
Young hē-sò͘ 3.53 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘ 1.3 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘ 3.1 GPa
Mohs ngē-tō͘ 0.4
Brinell ngē-tō͘ 0.363 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō 7440-09-7
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ Humphry Davy (1807)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Kalium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
39K 93.26% 39K is stable with 20 neutrons
40K 0.012% 1.248(3)×109 y β− 1.311 40Ca
ε 1.505 40Ar
β+ 1.505 40Ar
41K 6.73% 41K is stable with 22 neutrons

Kalium, mā ū hō Ka-lí (加里) ia̍h-sī Phok-tah-só͘-bú (剥荅叟母), sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 19, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī K.

Chham-khó

[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
  1. ↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  2. ↑ Haynes, William M., pian. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd pán.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110. 
  3. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. 
Chiu-kî-piáu
H   He
Li Be   B C N O F Ne
Na Mg   Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca   Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr   Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k Kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k Lanthanum-hē Actinium-hē Kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k kî-thaⁿ kim-sio̍k Lūi-kim-sio̍k kî-thaⁿ hui-kim-sio̍k Ló͘-sò͘ Hi-iú khì-thé Boē tiāⁿ
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