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"Kalium" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

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~ r2.7.1) (bot siu-kái: sq:Kaliumi
無編輯摘要
 
(Iáu-bē hián-sī 44 tiong-kan pán-pún iû 25 iōng-tsiá)
Tē 1 chōa: Tē 1 chōa:
'''K''' ([[La-teng-gú]]: '''Kalium''') sī 1 ê [[hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘]].
{{about|chi̍t-khoán hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘||Ka-lí}}
{{Infobox element
|name=Kalium
|enname=potassium
|alt name=kalium, ka-lí
|number=19
|symbol=K
|left=[[argon]]
|right=[[khā-lú-siúm]]
|above=[[Natrium|Na]]
|below=[[rubidium|Rb]]
|series=kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k
|series comment=
|group=1
|period=4
|block=s
|series color=
|appearance=silvery gray
|image name=Potassium.JPG
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=Potassium Spectrum.jpg
|image name 2 comment=Spectral lines of potassium
|atomic mass=39.0983
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=1
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[argon|Ar]]&#93; 4s<sup>1</sup>
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 8, 1
|color=
|phase=kò͘-thé
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=0.862
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=0.828
|melting point K=336.7
|melting point C=63.5
|melting point F=146.3
|boiling point K=1032
|boiling point C=759
|boiling point F=1398
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|critical point K=2223
|critical point MPa=16
|critical point ref=<ref>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.122}}</ref>
|heat fusion=2.33
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=76.9
|heat capacity=29.6
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=body-centered cubic
|oxidation states='''+1''', −1
|oxidation states comment=(a strongly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=0.82
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=418.8
|ionization energy 2=3052
|ionization energy 3=4420
|atomic radius=227
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=203±12
|Van der Waals radius=275
|magnetic ordering=paramagnetic
|magnetic ordering ref=<ref>[http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds], in {{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=n
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=72
|thermal conductivity=102.5
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=83.3
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=2000
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=3.53
|Shear modulus=1.3
|Bulk modulus=3.1
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=0.4
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=0.363
|CAS number=7440-09-7
|isotopes=
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=39 | sym=K | na=93.26% | n=20 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=40 | sym=K | na=0.012% | hl=[[1 E16 s|1.248(3)&times;10<sup>9</sup>&nbsp;y]] |
dm1=[[beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de1=1.311 | link1=calcium-40 | pn1=40 | ps1=Ca |
dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=1.505 | link2=argon-40 | pn2=40 | ps2=Ar |
dm3=[[positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de3=1.505 | pn3=40 | ps3=Ar }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=41 | sym=K | na=6.73% | n=22 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Humphry Davy]]
|discovery date=1807
}}
'''Kalium''', mā ū hō '''Ka-lí''' (加里) ia̍h-sī '''Phok-tah-só͘-bú''' (剥荅叟母), sī 1 ê [[hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘]]. I ê [[goân-chú-hoan]] sī 19, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī K.


== Chham-khó ==
== Chham-khó ==
{{reflist}}
* [[Goân-sò͘ ê pió]]


{{stub}}
{{stub}}
{{Chiu-kî-piáu}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Goân-sò͘]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘]]
[[Category:Kim-sio̍k]]
[[Lūi-pia̍t:Kim-sio̍k]]

[[af:Kalium]]
[[ar:بوتاسيوم]]
[[ast:Potasiu]]
[[az:Kalium]]
[[be:Калій]]
[[bg:Калий]]
[[bn:পটাশিয়াম]]
[[bs:Kalijum]]
[[ca:Potassi]]
[[co:Potassiu]]
[[cs:Draslík]]
[[cv:Кали]]
[[cy:Potasiwm]]
[[da:Kalium]]
[[de:Kalium]]
[[dv:ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް]]
[[el:Κάλιο]]
[[en:Potassium]]
[[eo:Kalio]]
[[es:Potasio]]
[[et:Kaalium]]
[[eu:Potasio]]
[[fa:پتاسیم]]
[[fi:Kalium]]
[[fr:Potassium]]
[[frr:Kalium]]
[[fur:Potassi]]
[[ga:Potaisiam]]
[[gl:Potasio]]
[[gv:Potashum]]
[[hak:Kap]]
[[haw:Potasiuma]]
[[he:אשלגן]]
[[hi:पोटैशियम]]
[[hr:Kalij]]
[[ht:Potasyòm]]
[[hu:Kálium]]
[[hy:Կալիում]]
[[id:Kalium]]
[[io:Kalio]]
[[is:Kalín]]
[[it:Potassio]]
[[ja:カリウム]]
[[jbo:sodnrkali]]
[[jv:Kalium]]
[[ka:კალიუმი]]
[[kn:ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್]]
[[ko:칼륨]]
[[ku:Qelye]]
[[la:Kalium]]
[[lb:Kalium]]
[[lij:Potassio]]
[[lt:Kalis]]
[[lv:Kālijs]]
[[mi:Konurehu]]
[[mk:Калиум]]
[[ml:പൊട്ടാസ്യം]]
[[mr:पोटॅशियम]]
[[ms:Kalium]]
[[nds:Kalium]]
[[nl:Kalium]]
[[nn:Kalium]]
[[no:Kalium]]
[[nov:Kalium]]
[[oc:Potassi]]
[[pa:ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ਿਅਮ]]
[[pl:Potas]]
[[pnb:پوٹاشیم]]
[[pt:Potássio]]
[[qu:Kalyu]]
[[ro:Potasiu]]
[[ru:Калий]]
[[rw:Potasiyumu]]
[[sah:Калиум]]
[[scn:Putassa]]
[[sh:Kalij]]
[[simple:Potassium]]
[[sk:Draslík]]
[[sl:Kalij]]
[[sq:Kaliumi]]
[[sr:Калијум]]
[[stq:Kalium]]
[[sv:Kalium]]
[[sw:Kali]]
[[ta:பொட்டாசியம்]]
[[te:పొటాషియం]]
[[tg:Калий]]
[[th:โพแทสเซียม]]
[[tl:Potasyo]]
[[tr:Potasyum]]
[[tt:Калий]]
[[ug:كالىي]]
[[uk:Калій]]
[[ur:اُشنانصر]]
[[uz:Kaliy]]
[[vi:Kali]]
[[vls:Kalium]]
[[wa:Potassiom]]
[[war:Potassium]]
[[xal:Калион]]
[[yi:קאליום]]
[[yo:Potassium]]
[[za:Gyaz]]
[[zh:钾]]
[[zh-yue:鉀]]

Hiān-chú-sî (2023-nî 1-goe̍h 24-ji̍t (pài-jī) 09:04) ê siu-tēng-pún

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī koan-hē chi̍t-khoán hòa-ha̍k goân-sò͘. Chhōe kî-thaⁿ ēng-hoat, khòaⁿ Ka-lí.
Kalium,  19K
Spectral lines of potassium
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō Kalium, K
Eng-bûn potassium
Phian-miâ kalium, ka-lí
Gōa-hêng silvery gray
Kalium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Chúi-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Helium (hi-iú khì-thé)
Lithium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Beryllium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Phêng-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Thoàⁿ-sò͘ (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chek-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Sng-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Hut-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Ne-óng (hi-iú khì-thé)
Natrium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Magnesium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-lú-mih (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Ke-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Lîn (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Liû-hông (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Iâm-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Argon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Kalium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Khā-lú-siúm (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Scandium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Titanium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Vanadium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chromium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Manganese (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thih (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cobalt (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nickel (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tâng (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-iân (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Germanium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Phi-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Selenium (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chhàu-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Krypton (hi-iú khì-thé)
Rubidium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Strontium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Yttrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Zirconium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Niobium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Molybdenum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Technetium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Ruthenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhodium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Palladium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cadmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Indium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Siah (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Antimony (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Tellurium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Ak-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Xenon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Caesium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Barium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Lanthanum (lanthanum-hē)
Cerium (lanthanum-hē)
Praseodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Neodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Promethium (lanthanum-hē)
Samarium (lanthanum-hē)
Europium (lanthanum-hē)
Gadolinium (lanthanum-hē)
Terbium (lanthanum-hē)
Dysprosium (lanthanum-hē)
Holmium (lanthanum-hē)
Erbium (lanthanum-hē)
Thulium (lanthanum-hē)
Ytterbium (lanthanum-hē)
Lutetium (lanthanum-hē)
Hafnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tantalum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Wolfram (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Osmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Iridium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Pe̍h-kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chúi-gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Iân (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Bismuth (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Polonium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Astatine (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Radon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Francium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Radium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Actinium (actinium-hē)
Thorium (actinium-hē)
Protactinium (actinium-hē)
Uranium (actinium-hē)
Neptunium (actinium-hē)
Plutonium (actinium-hē)
Americium (actinium-hē)
Curium (actinium-hē)
Berkelium (actinium-hē)
Californium (actinium-hē)
Einsteinium (actinium-hē)
Fermium (actinium-hē)
Mendelevium (actinium-hē)
Nobelium (actinium-hē)
Lawrencium (actinium-hē)
Rutherfordium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Dubnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Seaborgium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Bohrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Hassium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Meitnerium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Darmstadtium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Roentgenium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Copernicium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nihonium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Flerovium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Moscovium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Livermorium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Tennessine (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Oganesson (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Na

K

Rb
argonKaliumkhā-lú-siúm
Goân-chú-hoan 19
Goân-chú-liōng (±) 39.0983(1)[1]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t   kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu 1 cho̍k, s khu
Chiu-kî tē 4 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t [Ar] 4s1
per shell 2, 8, 8, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám 336.7 K ​(63.5 °C, ​146.3 °F)
Hut-tiám 1032 K ​(759 °C, ​1398 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un) 0.862 g·cm−3
0.828 g·cm−3
Lîm-kài-tiám 2223 K, 16 MPa[2]
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t 2.33 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t 76.9 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng 29.6 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘ +1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘ Pauling scale: 0.82
Tiān-lī-lêng 1st: 418.8 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 3052 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 4420 kJ·mol−1
(more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng empirical: 227 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng 203±12 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng 275 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chōbody-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for Kalium
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á) 2000 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng 83.3 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t 102.5 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t 72 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng paramagnetic[3]
Young hē-sò͘ 3.53 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘ 1.3 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘ 3.1 GPa
Mohs ngē-tō͘ 0.4
Brinell ngē-tō͘ 0.363 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō 7440-09-7
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ Humphry Davy (1807)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Kalium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
39K 93.26% 39K is stable with 20 neutrons
40K 0.012% 1.248(3)×109 y β 1.311 40Ca
ε 1.505 40Ar
β+ 1.505 40Ar
41K 6.73% 41K is stable with 22 neutrons

Kalium, mā ū hō Ka-lí (加里) ia̍h-sī Phok-tah-só͘-bú (剥荅叟母), sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 19, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī K.

  1. Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  2. Haynes, William M., pian. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd pán.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110. 
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.