Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın

Hüseyin Cahit was born in 1874 in Balıkesir. He was a graduate of Vefa High School, Istanbul.^[2]

He started his literary life by writing stories, novels and prose poems. He later wrote on journalism, criticism and translation. He also wrote satirical poems under the pseudonym Hemrah. He is one of the most important figures of the Edebiyat-ı Cedide (New Literary Movement). After the Second Constitutional Era, he helped Tevfik Fikret and Hüseyin Kâzım to publish the Tanin newspaper, as it was put into political life. He started his political career and joined the Committee of Union and Progress. He was elected to Ottoman Parliament (Meclis-i Mebusan) in 1908 and served until 1912. Between 1908 and 1911, he wrote for Tanin, in which he opposed a German influence on the Ottoman Empire.^[3]

He escaped to Romania during the 31 March Incident since the rebels had hoped to kill him, but they confused Mehmet Aslan Bey for him and murdered him instead.^[4] After the suppression of the uprising, he returned to Istanbul.

In 1911, he started working at Ottoman Public Debt Administration. However, he had to leave Istanbul again in 1912 and moved to Vienna as his journal Tanin was closed due to his opposing views, due to the 1912 coup d'état. He returned to Istanbul only after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. Even though he was opposed German influence in the past, he joined the German-Turkish Association [de] which would support the cultural and economic exchange between the two empires in 1915.^[5]

After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War, Hüseyin Cahit was exiled to Malta by the British authorities and kept there until 1922. Right after his return, he started a newspaper called Renin but after a while renamed it as Tanin. He supported Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and the Turkish War of Independence in his articles. However, he soon opposed the Ankara Government due to the abolition of the sultanate and the caliphate.^[6]

During the One-Party Period Hüseyin Cahit kept his position as an opposition journalist and criticized many policies of the government, including the reforms such as the abolition of the caliphate and the Turkish language reform. Hüseyin Cahit promoted liberal democracy and attacked the government for imposing a tight control over society and culture. However, his criticisms were perceived suspiciously due to his background with the Union and Progress Party.^[7] He was put on trial by the Independence Tribunal for three times, he was acquitted twice, but in 1925 he was exiled to Çorum.^[8] In 1926, he received amnesty and he returned to Istanbul.

After Atatürk's death in 1938, Hüseyin Cahit was invited to join the Republican People's Party by İsmet İnönü, and he was elected to the Parliament of Turkey. He started publishing Tanin newspaper again in 1943. He wrote articles against communism. In his article dated 3 December 1945, he attacked the Tan newspaper and Sabiha Sertel for supporting communism and the USSR. This article played an important role on provoking people and the headquarters of Tan was assaulted on 4 December.

In 1954, when he was jailed again for his articles against the Democrat Party. He was forgiven by the President of the Republic Celâl Bayar since he was 79 years old at that time.

He ran as a candidate in the 1957 parliamentary election, but he died on 18 October 1957 before the results were released.^[9]

Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın is one of the most important polemicists of modern Turkish literature. He collected his discussions with writers such as Ahmet Rasim and Ali Kemal in the book "My Fights" and published it in 1910. Yalçın's place in Turkish polemic literature was examined in a book by Nurettin Öztürk in 2005.^[10]

In 1936, Yalçın wrote an article arguing that Bahaeddin Şakir (who is generally considered to be the main architect of the Armenian Genocide) should be honored for his role in the Armenian Genocide.^[11]