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Naming Chemical Compounds

Naming Chemical Compounds. Review. What is a chemical formula? shorthand representation of the composition of a substance using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts can represent a molecule (covalent bonded structure) or a formula unit (ionic bonded structure). Review.

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Naming Chemical Compounds

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  1. Naming Chemical Compounds

  2. Review What is a chemical formula? • shorthand representation of the composition of a substance using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts • can represent a molecule (covalent bonded structure) or a formula unit (ionic bonded structure)

  3. Review Significance of a chemical formula • formula tells number and type of atoms in a molecule or formula unit (one atom difference can cause change in properties) • Examples: Ag, NaCl, HCl, Al2(SO4)3, CaSO4 5 H2O, etc.

  4. Naming Ionic Compounds Binary ionic compounds • Metal named first • Name of non-metal has –ide added • If metal has more than one possible charge use stock system (Roman numerals) or common name Ex: NaCl, KI, FeF2, FeF3

  5. Naming Ionic Compounds Compounds with polyatomic ions • Cation is named first (using stock or common name) • Anion is named second (using name of polyatomic ion) Al(CN)3, BaSO4, Ca(NO2)2, Fe(NO3)2, NH4Cl (DO NOT change endings of polyatomic ions!!!)

  6. Naming Ionic Compounds Hydrates • ionic compounds that absorb water into their structures • named like regular ionic compounds, add numeric prefix and hydrate at the end MgSO4 7 H2O, CuSO4 5 H2O Prefixes: 1: mono- 2: di- 3: tri- 4: tetra- 5: penta- 6: hexa- 7: hepta- 8: octa- 9: nona- 10: deca-

  7. Naming Molecular Compounds Binary molecular compounds • Element from left-most part of table is named first • Name of second element has –ide added • Use Greek prefixes to indicate number of atoms CO, CCl4, N2O, N2O3 Prefixes: 1: *mono- (*only with second element) 2: di- 3: tri- 4: tetra- 5: penta- 6: hexa- 7: hepta- 8: octa- 9: nona- 10: deca-

  8. Naming Molecular Compounds Acids • when in water, produce H+ ions, name usually from characteristic anion • Hydro acids: hydro + name of halogen + -ic + acid HCl, HF, HBr • Oxoacids: polyatomic ion + acid (use –ous and –ic as needed, -ic goes with > # O atoms) H2SO4, HNO2, HNO3

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