The objective of the research was to examine the determinants that determine farmer participation and shallot farming development in search of effective farm management practices. The study used Structural Equation Modeling data analysis. The primary data was collected from direct-structural interviews with 150 randomly chosen shallot farmers in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. It was found that the physical attributes of the land, the economic framework of the community, and the political system of the agricultural community were fundamental factors that exerted a positive and significant influence on farmer participation. Therefore, improvements in the physical aspects of land, the economic framework, and the political structure of agricultural communities could promote farmer participation. Furthermore, the farmers’ participation and the political structure of agricultural communities have a positive and significant impact on the development of shallot farming. Thus, by increasing the influence of government officials and community leaders, shallot farming can be promoted. The farmers can then enhance their participation in the shallot farming plan's formulation and implementation, providing the continued development of shallot farming. The findings of this study contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by validating previous research and proposing different ways to improve effective farm management practices in shallot farming.

This study aimed to examine the effects of the input factor allocation on tangerine production in Selayar Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Binary logistic regression was the data analysis method utilized to achieve the research objective. Based on the findings, it was found that the factors of length of education, farmer group membership, farm distance, labor, pesticides, herbicides, urea fertilizer, manure, and NPK fertilizer all had a significant impact on the output of tangerines in farming. Factors such as education duration, participation in farmer groups, labor availability, and the use of herbicides, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, and manure all positively and significantly impact tangerine farm production. However, the distance between farms and insecticide application imposes a substantial negative effect on tangerine yields. These results suggest that the tangerine farmers at the research site should increase their production by learning farming management, joining farmer groups, cultivating additional land, and using more urea, NPK, and manure. Pesticide application optimization can also boost tangerine production. In addition, farmers need a mix of conventional and organic fertilizers and limited pesticide use to stay productive.