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Efficient and clean treatment of wastewater and energy recovery and utilization are important links to realize low-carbon development of oilfields. Therefore, this paper innovatively proposes a multi-energy complementary co-production heating system which fully and efficiently utilizes solar energy resources, oilfield waste heat resources, and biomass resources. At the same time, a typical dormitory building in the oil region was selected as the research object, the system equipment selection was calculated according to the relevant design specifications. On this basis, the simulation system model is established, and the evaluation index and operation control strategy suitable for the system are proposed. The energy utilization rate of the system and the economic, energy-saving, and environmental benefits of the system are simulated. The results show that, under the simulated conditions of two typical days and a heating season, the main heat load of the system is borne by the sewage source heat pump, the energy efficiency is relatively low in the cold period, and the energy-saving characteristics are not obvious. With the increase in heating temperature and anaerobic reactor volume, the energy consumption of the system also increases, and the energy efficiency ratio of each subsystem and the comprehensive energy efficiency ratio of the system gradually decrease. In addition, although the initial investment in cogeneration heating systems is high, the operating costs and environmental benefits are huge. Under the condition of maintaining 35 °C, the anaerobic reactor in the system can reduce carbon emissions by 12.15 t per year, reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by 98.4 kg, reduce dust emissions by 49.2 kg, and treat up to 2700 t of sewage per year, which has broad application prospects. Full article

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14 pages, 1848 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Ali Pourmotabbed, Farhang Hameed Awlqadr, Sanaz Mehrabani, Atefeh Babaei, Alexei Wong, Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy, Sepide Talebi, Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani, Faramarz Jalili, Sajjad Moradi, Reza Bagheri and Fred Dutheil

Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3767; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213767 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this investigation was to compile existing observational research and quantify the potential association between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of insomnia using meta-analysis. Setting: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases with no restrictions until 29 June 2024. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were aggregated using a random-effects model, while the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Egger’s regression asymmetry test assessed study quality and publication bias, respectively. Results: Analysis of data from seven studies showed a significant positive association between higher intake of UPFs and an increased risk of insomnia (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.95; I² = 62.3%; p = 0.014). Subgroup analysis indicated this positive relationship was particularly strong under the NOVA food classification (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.40; I² = 78.5%; p = 0.009; n = 3) and with snack intake (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.71; I² = 0.0%; p < 0.001; n = 2), compared to adherence to Western dietary patterns. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on age group showed that higher UPF intake was significantly associated with increased risk of insomnia among adolescents (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.21, 1.99; I² = 57.4%; 0.001) but not in adults. Conclusions: Our findings underscore a significant association between higher consumption of UPFs and increased risk of insomnia, particularly among adolescents. Further research is necessary to explore the intricacies of this association and to ensure the generalizability of these results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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22 pages, 3517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Environmental Factors, Perception, and Participation on Industrial Heritage Tourism Satisfaction—A Study Based on Multiple Heritages in Shanghai

by Zhiguo Fang, Jiachen Yao and Jianing Shi

Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3508; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113508 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

With the increasing public awareness and strength of industrial heritage protection, industrial heritage plays an increasingly important role in tourism after transformation and upgrading. The influence of built environment factors and visitors’ participation on satisfaction has been fully confirmed, but the primary and secondary relationships between the two variables remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between the built environment, tourist participation, and tourism satisfaction, and compare the actual loads of different routes to find the dominant variable. The data of this study came from three industrial heritage renovation projects in Shanghai with remarkable transformation results. Field investigations and questionnaire surveys were conducted on them, and a total of 362 valid samples were received. Descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation models were used to analyze the data. Two paths of “built environment–tourism satisfaction” and “tourist participation–tourism satisfaction” are compared and demonstrated. The path coefficient of the former is 0.63, while that of the latter is 0.77, and the influence of the latter is more significant than that of the former. The study creatively found the audience orientation of both sexes for different types of experience activities, confirmed the mediating effect of subjective perception, and provided the following suggestions for managers of built industrial cultural heritage. Interactive experiences and guided tours deepen visitors’ understanding of the historical and cultural value of industrial heritage. Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies can be introduced to provide an immersive visit experience and attract a wider audience to participate, effectively enhancing the attractiveness of and satisfaction with industrial heritage tourism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)

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24 pages, 38106 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Resettled Residents’ Engagement in Community Gardens and Preferences for Garden Development Factors in Beijing

by Ye Liu, Mingxin Ma and Siqiao Zhou

Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3507; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113507 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Resettlement communities arising from China’s urbanization process accommodate both landless resettled villagers and non-resettled villagers who migrate to cities for work. Community gardens help increase interactions in resettlement communities and facilitate the integration of resettled residents into the community. This paper, based on the differing characteristics of resettled and non-resettled villagers in China’s resettlement communities and the scarcity of outdoor public space, studies the participation willingness of resettled residents and their preferences for the construction of community gardens. Firstly, this study establishes a system of community garden construction elements for resettlement communities and conducts a Likert scale survey of residents in 30 resettlement communities in Beijing (n = 832). Secondly, variance analysis is used to explore the impact of demographic characteristics on garden preferences. Finally, a multiple linear regression model is employed to study the correlation between resettled residents’ willingness to participate in community gardens and the construction elements. The results show that (1) both resettled villagers and non-villagers have a willingness to participate in community gardens, and the spatial enhancement, facility supplementation, economic compensation, community integration, and identity recognition of garden construction elements are positively correlated with residents’ willingness to participate, with spatial enhancement having the strongest effect; (2) community gardens help achieve integration between resettled and non-resettled villagers; (3) gardens help enhance the identity recognition of resettled villagers. In summary, integrating community gardens into resettlement communities helps increase residents’ social interactions, enhances their sense of belonging, and assists resettled residents in integrating into urban society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)

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24 pages, 6414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Robust Driving Control Design for Precise Positional Motions of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driven Rotary Machines with Position-Dependent Periodic Disturbances

by Syh-Shiuh Yeh and Zhi-Hong Liu

Machines 2024, 12(11), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12110771 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Position-dependent periodic disturbances often limit the accuracy and smoothness of the positional motion of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)-driven rotary machines. Because the period of these disturbances varies with the motion velocity of the rotary machine, spatial domain control methods such as spatial iterative learning control (SILC) and spatial repetitive control (SRC) have been proposed and applied to improve rotary machine motion control designs. However, problems with learning period convergence and rotary machine dynamics significantly affect transient motion, further constraining the overall motion performance. To address these challenges, this study developed a robust driving control (RDC) that integrates a robust control design with position-dependent periodic disturbance feedforward compensation, rotary machine dynamics compensation, and proportional–proportional integral feedback control. A position-dependent periodic disturbance model was developed using multiple position–sinusoidal signals and identified using a spatial fast Fourier transform. RDC compensates for disturbances and dynamics and considers the effects of model parameter uncertainty and modeling error on the stability of the control system. Several motion control experiments were conducted on a PMSM test bench to compare the RDC, SILC, and SRC. The experimental results demonstrated that although both SILC and SRC can effectively suppress position-dependent periodic disturbances, SILC provides slower position error convergence owing to the learning process, and SILC and SRC result in significant position errors because of the influence of the PMSM-driven rotary machine dynamics. RDC not only suppresses position-dependent periodic disturbances, but also significantly reduces position errors with a reduction rate of

90 %

. Therefore, the RDC developed in this study effectively suppressed position-dependent periodic disturbances and significantly improved both the transient-state and steady-state position-tracking performances of the PMSM-driven rotary machine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) and Induction Motors (IM))

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13 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Employer Actions in Office Settings and Women’s Perception of the Workplace as Supportive of Healthy Eating: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

by Aleksandra Hyży, Cieślak Ilona, Joanna Gotlib-Małkowska, Mariusz Panczyk, Alicja Kucharska and Mariusz Jaworski

Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3766; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213766 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate how women working in office environments perceive their workplace as promoting healthy eating behaviors through employer-led actions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 professionally active women employed in office settings in Poland. Data were collected using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method. Participants were divided into two groups based on their perceived level of workplace support for healthy eating behaviors, as measured by the Workplace Healthy Eating Scale. Group 1 (n = 125; 54.3%; mean score = 15.69, SD = 3.76) and Group 2 (n = 105; 45.7%; mean score = 29.88, SD = 5.15) reflected low and high perceived support, respectively. Results: A linear regression model was employed to assess the association between the perceived level of support and specific workplace initiatives, including access to fresh fruits and vegetables, meal preparation facilities, cafeteria usage, lectures on nutrition, cooking workshops, and individual dietary consultations. For Group 1, access to fresh fruits and vegetables was the only factor significantly associated with a positive perception of the workplace as promoting healthy eating (p = 0.003), explaining 6.5% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.065). In Group 2, both access to fresh produce and participation in cooking workshops were significantly associated with positive workplace perceptions (p < 0.001), explaining 41% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.410). Conclusions: Access to fresh produce is a key determinant of employees’ perceptions Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease—2nd Edition)

23 pages, 1234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Thermal–Hydraulic Performance in Nuclear Reactor Subchannels with Al₂O₃ Nanofluids: A CFD Analysis

by Mohammad A. I. Sardar, Mushfiqur Rahman and Philip Rubini

Energies 2024, 17(21), 5486; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215486 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the performance of aluminum-based nanofluids with a possible application in pressurized water reactors is numerically investigated. A 605 mm long 4-rod array square (2 × 2) subchannel geometry with a uniform heat flux of 50 kW/m² has been used in CFD simulation. This analysis has been carried out using the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model with standard wall function in ANSYS FLUENT 2022R1. The impact of various flow conditions and nanofluid concentrations has been examined. The effects of variable velocities on nanofluid performance have been studied using different Reynolds numbers of 20,000, 40,000, 60,000, and 80,000. The analysis was conducted with Al₂O₃/water nanofluid concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. A comparison of the Nusselt number based on five different correlations was conducted, and deviations from each correlation were then presented. The homogeneous single-phase mixer approach has been adopted to model nanofluid characteristics. The result shows a gradual enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient with increasing volume concentrations and Reynolds numbers. A maximum heat transfer coefficient has been calculated for nanofluid at maximum volume concentrations (ϕ = 4%) and highest velocities (Re = 80,000). Compared to the base fluid, heat transfer was enhanced by a factor of 1.09 using 4% Al₂O₃. The Nusselt number was calculated with a minimal error of 3.62% when compared to the Presser correlation and the maximum deviation has been found from the Dittus–Boelter correlation (13.77%). Overall, the findings suggest that aluminum-based nanofluids could offer enhanced heat transfer capabilities in pressurized water reactors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer in Heat Exchangers)

25 pages, 2011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimized Architecture for Efficient OFDMA Network Design

by Sonia Ben Brahim, Amira Zrelli, Samia Dardouri and Ridha Bouallegue

Telecom 2024, 5(4), 1051-1075; https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom5040054 (registering DOI) - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the design and performance of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) networks, with a particular focus on WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for Best Effort (BE) services. The proposed method integrates a robust Markovian analytical model with four advanced scheduling algorithms: throughput fairness, resource fairness, opportunistic scheduling, and throttling. A sophisticated simulator was developed, incorporating an ON/OFF traffic generator, user-specific wireless channels, and a dynamic central scheduler to validate the model’s accuracy and evaluate its robustness by dynamically allocating radio resources per frame. The validation study showed that the proposed model reduced simulation time by over 90%, completing analytical calculations in just 15 min, compared to nearly 2 days for simulations using conventional scheduling algorithms. Performance metrics such as the average number of active users and resource utilization closely matched those from the validation study, confirming the model’s accuracy. In the robustness study, the model consistently performed well across diverse traffic distributions (exponential and Pareto) and channel conditions. The proposed architecture increased network throughput by up to 25% and reduced latency under dynamic conditions, demonstrating its scalability, adaptability, and efficiency as a crucial solution for next-generation wireless communication systems. Full article

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22 pages, 2311 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research Driven by User Demand for the Design of a Cross-Border Travel Credential Bag

by Shuyun Li, Xizhi Zhang, Kuohsun Wen and Jiawei Jiang

Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9547; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219547 (registering DOI) - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Cross-border travel often presents challenges in document storage, which can burden travelers. This study addresses the issue by designing a credential bag that enhances safety, convenience, and environmental sustainability. Utilizing design research, we applied the KANO model to categorize user needs, employed analytic hierarchy process to prioritize these needs, and used quality functional deployment to translate them into specific design elements. The KANO model has identified a total of 18 demand indicators, including “must-be”, one-dimensional, and attractive. An analytic hierarchy process analysis of the secondary indicators found that demands for the security of anti-theft, partition storage of documents, a variety of carrying methods and green sustainability have relatively high weight. The innovative solutions derived from the KANO-AHP-QFD model improve design practices and user experience in document storage. This approach offers a scientific and practical reference for the sustainable development of travel supplies and the luggage industry. Full article

41 pages, 2472 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimal Strategies for E-Commerce Platform Supply Chain: Carbon Emission Reduction and Financing

by Yuting Zhang and Juan Shang

Systems 2024, 12(11), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110469 (registering DOI) - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

In the context of global carbon emission reduction (CER) targets and slowing economic growth, it is imperative for suppliers to make informed choices regarding CER and financing strategies. However, limited research has explored the impact of financing strategies on CER. This paper develops a supply chain model that includes a supplier, a manufacturer, an E-commerce platform (E-C platform), and consumers with a preference for low-carbon products. The supplier sets the wholesale price, while the manufacturer controls both the production quantity and the unit amount of CER. We examine whether the manufacturer will invest in CER with sufficient capital or under various financing scenarios, namely (1) traditional production with sufficient capital (Scenario ST); (2) CER implementation with sufficient capital (Scenario SG); (3) CER implementation with E-C platform financing (Scenario EG); (4) CER implementation with bank financing (Scenario BG). Through comparative analysis, the analysis reveals that, regardless of the financing method chosen, the supplier’s profit and the manufacturer’s production quantity increase when the manufacturer invests in CER technology innovation compared to the traditional scenario. Furthermore, in terms of the manufacturer’s profit, if the service cost of bank financing exceeds a certain threshold, the manufacturer should either seek financing from the E-C platform or abandon the CER investment. Additionally, with respect to CER outcomes, Scenario BG outperforms Scenario EG. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and decision-making support for supply chain participants when addressing carbon reduction and financing strategy decisions. Full article

13 pages, 7179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Usability of UAV LiDAR for Analysis of Karst (Doline) Terrain Morphology

by Juneseok Kim and Ilyoung Hong

Sensors 2024, 24(21), 7062; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217062 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Traditional terrain analysis has relied on Digital Topographic Maps produced by national agencies and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) created using Airborne LiDAR. However, these methods have significant drawbacks, including the difficulty in acquiring data at the desired time and precision, as well as high costs. Recently, advancements and miniaturization in LiDAR technology have enabled its integration with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), allowing for the collection of highly precise terrain data. This approach combines the advantages of conventional UAV photogrammetry with the flexibility of obtaining data at specific times and locations, facilitating a wider range of studies. Despite these advancements, the application of UAV LiDAR in terrain analysis remains underexplored. This study aims to assess the utility of UAV LiDAR for terrain analysis by focusing on the doline features within karst landscapes. In this study, we analyzed doline terrain using three types of data: 1:5000 scale digital topographic maps provided by the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) of Korea, Digital Surface Models (DSMs) obtained through UAV photogrammetry, and DEMs acquired via UAV LiDAR surveys. The analysis results indicated that UAV LiDAR provided the most precise three-dimensional spatial information for the entire study site, yielding the most detailed analysis outcomes. These findings suggest that UAV LiDAR can be utilized to represent terrain features with greater precision in the future; this is expected to be highly useful not only for generating contours but also for conducting more detailed topographic analyses, such as calculating the area and slope of the study sites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)

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22 pages, 2238 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of Surface Deformation on the Beihei Highway Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data

by Wei Shan, Guangchao Xu, Peijie Hou, Helong Du, Yating Du and Ying Guo

Remote Sens. 2024, 16(21), 4091; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214091 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Under the interference of climate warming and human engineering activities, the degradation of permafrost causes the frequent occurrence of geological disasters such as uneven foundation settlement and landslides, which brings great challenges to the construction and operational safety of road projects. In this paper, the spatial and temporal evolution of surface deformations along the Beihei Highway was investigated by combining the SBAS-InSAR technique and the surface frost number model after considering the vegetation factor with multi-source remote sensing observation data. After comprehensively considering factors such as climate change, permafrost degradation, anthropogenic disturbance, and vegetation disturbance, the surface uneven settlement and landslide processes were analyzed in conjunction with site surveys and ground data. The results show that the average deformation rate is approximately −16 mm/a over the 22 km section of the study area. The rate of surface deformation on the pavement is related to topography, and the rate of surface subsidence on the pavement is more pronounced in areas with high topographic relief and a sunny aspect. Permafrost along the roads in the study area showed an insignificant degradation trend, and at landslides with large surface deformation, permafrost showed a significant degradation trend. Meteorological monitoring data indicate that the annual minimum mean temperature in the study area is increasing rapidly at a rate of 1.266 °C/10a during the last 40 years. The occurrence of landslides is associated with precipitation and freeze–thaw cycles. There are interactions between permafrost degradation, landslides, and vegetation degradation, and permafrost and vegetation are important influences on uneven surface settlement. Focusing on the spatial and temporal evolution process of surface deformation in the permafrost zone can help to deeply understand the mechanism of climate change impact on road hazards in the permafrost zone. Full article

18 pages, 5263 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Unified Collision Avoidance Trajectory Planning with Dual Variables for Collaborative Aerial Transportation Systems

by Yi Chai, Xiao Liang and Jianda Han

Drones 2024, 8(11), 637; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110637 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

As an essential application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems, payload transportation has garnered significant attention in recent years. Collaborative payload transportation utilizing multiple UAVs can effectively increase the payload capacity of the transportation system. Nevertheless, the incorporation of multiple UAVs makes the dynamic model of the transportation system more complex due to the coupled UAV and payload states. In the immediate disaster relief response, the collaborative system is often required to promptly deliver supplies to the target site while avoiding obstacles to ensure the system’s safety. Consequently, devising fast delivery trajectories that avoid collisions for such complicated systems poses a considerable challenge. To this end, a novel trajectory planning method is presented for collaborative transportation systems. Specifically, the dynamic model of the collaborative transportation system is derived by utilizing the Euler–Lagrange method. Then, the trajectory planning problem is formulated as an optimization problem with considerations of dynamics, actuation, safety, and formation constraints. To expedite the optimization process, the collision avoidance safety constraint is constructed using dual variables. The efficacy of this trajectory planning approach is confirmed through multiple real-world flight experiments involving collaborative aerial transportation systems of two and three UAVs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Modeling, Estimation, and Control of Intelligent Transportation Systems)

15 pages, 3592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Noncontace Monitoring of Respiration and Heartbeat Based on Two-Wave Model Using a Millimeter-Wave MIMO FM-CW Radar

by Mie Mie Ko and Toshifumi Moriyama

Electronics 2024, 13(21), 4308; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13214308 - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

This paper deals with the non-contact measurement of heartbeat and respiration using a millimeter-wave multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) radar. Monitoring heartbeat and respiration is useful for detecting cardiac diseases and understanding stress levels. Contact sensors are not suitable for these sorts of long-term measurements due to the discomfort and skin irritation they cause. Therefore, the use of non-contact sensors, such as radars, is desirable. In this study, we obtained heartbeat and respiration information from phase data measured using a millimeter-wave MIMO FM-CW radar. We propose a two-wave model based on a Fourier series expansion and extract respiration and heartbeat information as a minimization problem. This model makes it possible to produce respiration and heartbeat waveforms. The produced heartbeat waveform can be used for estimating the interbeat interval (IBI). Experiments were conducted to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method. Moreover, the estimated results were compared with the contact sensor’s results. The results for both types of sensors were in good agreement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Microwave and Wireless Communications Section)

12 pages, 598 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Social Media Likes Affect Food Consumption?

by Maria Mamalikou, Konstantinos Gkatzionis and Malamatenia Panagiotou

Businesses 2024, 4(4), 620-631; https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses4040037 (registering DOI) - 1 Nov 2024

Abstract

Social norms can affect food consumption. Although social media could be used to disseminate such norms, there is limited experimental research on the subject. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of socially endorsed social media food posts, in the form of Instagram likes, on participants’ eating behavior of wheat food products. The survey was conducted in sensory booths where 149 participants were assigned to one of three conditions viewing three types of images: traditional Greek foods, modern foods, and home decoration as control. However, only one type was socially endorsed with likes. Participants self-reported on a series of questionnaires and were offered traditional Greek rusks (paximathia) and modern crackers as a snack reward during break time on two separate dishes. The hypothesis was that those who had paid attention to socially endorsed images of traditional foods would prefer to consumer Greek rusks, whereas those having paid attention to socially endorsed modern foods would opt for the crackers. Using the ANCOVA model, there was not identified any significant effect of condition on rusk or cracker consumption in grams after controlling the covariates. The results propose that exposure to socially endorsed images with Instagram likes, as a form of social media norm, do not incite people to consume more of either traditional rusks or modern crackers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Consumer Behaviour and Healthy Food Consumption)

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