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Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization...
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Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 10568

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Balzhima Shagdarova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Interests: biopolymers; chitosan; chitosan derivatives; nanoparticles; antibacterial activity; fungicidal activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alla Il'ina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Interests: polysaccharides; chitosan; chitosan derivatives; nanoparticles; antimicrobial activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scientific community is now focusing on the use of eco-friendly materials to reduce the environmental impact of synthetic materials. Eco-friendly materials include polymers of natural origin. Chitosan is one such promising biopolymer with a wide range of applications. It has unique properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, antimicrobial activity, and source availability. The presence of hydroxyl and amino functional groups in the chitosan molecule enables chitosan to be chemically modified, expanding its potential applications. Nanomaterials have many applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties compared to bulk materials. These properties are due to the increased surface-to-volume ratio and surface energy of the miniature particles. Chitosan nanoparticles have high functionalization potential and drug-loading capability and antimicrobial properties while remaining biodegradable and biocompatible.

This Special Issue "Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization  and Application" will focus on various fundamental and applied research of chitosan, its derivatives and nanoparticles and their biomedical and biotechnological applications, including in agriculture.

Topics will include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Chitosan derivatives, synthesis, characterization and applications;
  • Chitosan-based nanoparticles, synthesis, characterization, and applications;
  • Antimicrobial activity of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles; 
  • Application of chitosan-based materials, including nanoparticles in biomedicine and agriculture.

Dr. Balzhima Shagdarova
Dr. Alla V. Il'ina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biopolymer
  • chitosan
  • chitosan derivatives
  • nanoparticles
  • composites
  • antibacterial activity
  • fungicidal activity
  • biomedicine
  • agriculture

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5045 KiB  
Article
Computational Simulation Study-Based Formulation Development and Characterization of MethylprednisoloneLoaded Nanoparticles Containing Chitosan and Pectin to Treat Nocturnal Asthma
by Vijaya Kumar Voleti, Ismail Yusuff, Mohamed Jalaludeen Abdulkadhar and Mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon
Polymers 2025, 17(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010024 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
Nocturnal asthma (NA) is a high-prevalence disease that causes severe respiratory issues, leading to death from early midnight to early morning. In this research, nanoparticulate drug delivery system of methylprednisolone (MP) was developed using chitosan (CH) and pectin (PEC). MP is a synthetic [...] Read more.
Nocturnal asthma (NA) is a high-prevalence disease that causes severe respiratory issues, leading to death from early midnight to early morning. In this research, nanoparticulate drug delivery system of methylprednisolone (MP) was developed using chitosan (CH) and pectin (PEC). MP is a synthetic corticosteroid medication widely used for its potent anti-inflammatory activity. Computational simulation study (AI-based blend analysis algorithm) was used to identify a better-mixing polymer with MP. MP nanoparticles were formulated by the ionic gelation method with the combination of CH and PEC. To modify the drug release properties, the formed beads were coated with chitosan succinate (CSSC). The morphological characteristics of the beads were determined by SEM analysis. The X-ray radiographic imaging study was used to observe the intactness of MP beads. Histopathological studies were also carried out to find out the toxicity of the beads in the organs of rats. Pectin and chitosan polymers were selected based on the computational simulation study. SEM analysis revealed that the beads had a spherical shape with a rough outer surface. CSSC-coated beads achieved sustained drug release for up to 24 h. X-ray imaging demonstrated the stability of the beads in acidic pH conditions. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that CSSC-coated beads were more stable in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) than PEC-CH beads and the pure drug. Histological evaluation confirmed that the beads are nontoxic and safe for use in rats. Based on the findings, it was concluded that CSSC-coated beads of MP exhibited superior release properties, making them suitable for a chronomodulated drug delivery system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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28 pages, 7445 KiB  
Article
Study on Fabrication and Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Nanofibers Created from Aqueous Solution with Acetic Acid and Ethanol by the Electrospinning Method
by Thi Hong Nhung Vu, Svetlana N. Morozkina, Roman O. Olekhnovich, Aleksandr V. Podshivalov and Mayya V. Uspenskaya
Polymers 2024, 16(23), 3393; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233393 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 699
Abstract
The development of nanofibers with incorporated biologically active molecules with a targeted mode of action is a current research trend. Potential materials for the development of such systems include poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) nanofibers, which are traditionally fabricated by the electrospinning [...] Read more.
The development of nanofibers with incorporated biologically active molecules with a targeted mode of action is a current research trend. Potential materials for the development of such systems include poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) nanofibers, which are traditionally fabricated by the electrospinning of aqueous solutions of these polymers with acetic acid. To improve drug integration, ethanol was added to the binary-solvent system. This results in several important data: noticeable shifts in the solvent system’s solubility parameter, the interaction of the various component forces, and optical and rheological properties of the PVA-CS solution. The use of ethanol in the electrospun solution also contributes to adjusting the solubility parameters of the solution in the Teas graph, maintaining the “fh − fd” in the optimal region for the fabrication of PVA-CS nanofibers. Increasing the efficiency of PVA-CS nanofiber fabrication by electrospinning is quite difficult due to the requirements of solution parameters, technological parameters, and environmental parameters; however, this efficiency was increased in this work by 2 to 3 times with a more optimal PVA-CS nanofiber morphology. These results demonstrate that aqueous solution containing 4% PVA, 3% CS, 15% ethanol, and 45% acetic acid is optimal for increasing the nanofiber fabrication productivity, improving the morphology and diameter of PVA-CS nanofibers without changing in chemical bonds. The XRD spectrum revealed that the alterations in the crystal lattice and diameter of the PVA-CS nanofibers led to the variation in their thermal and tensile properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 12517 KiB  
Article
Influence of Chitosan Purification on the Immunomodulator Potential of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Human Monocytes
by Bruno Alejandro Valades-Aguilar, Teodoro Iván Rivera-González, Raúl Rangel-López, Gabriel Luna-Barcenas, Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina, Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla and Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
Polymers 2024, 16(23), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233390 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
The deproteinization of chitosan is a necessary purification process for materials with biomedical purposes; however, chitosan sourcing and purification methods can modify its molecular weight, deacetylation degree, and residual proteins. These factors affect the reactive groups that affect the immunomodulatory activities of cells, [...] Read more.
The deproteinization of chitosan is a necessary purification process for materials with biomedical purposes; however, chitosan sourcing and purification methods can modify its molecular weight, deacetylation degree, and residual proteins. These factors affect the reactive groups that affect the immunomodulatory activities of cells, particularly macrophages and monocytes; considering this activity is key when developing successful and functional biomaterials. Here, two brands of chitosan were purified and used to synthesize nanoparticles to evaluate their immunomodulatory effect on monocyte and macrophage differentiation. Chitosan FT-IR showed bands related to its purification process, with increased OH group intensity. Nanoparticles (CtsNps) synthesized with purified chitosan were of a smaller size compared to those using unpurified chitosan due to the alkaline purification process’s shortening of the polymeric chain. At low concentrations (50 μg/mL), CtsNps showed a lower expression of CD80 and CD14, corroborating the differentiation effect of chitosan. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is related to a pro-inflammatory response and M1 macrophage polarization was detected in monocytes treated with purified and unpurified nanoparticles. Sigma-purified chitosan nanoparticles (CtsNps SigmaP), at 300 μg/mL, showed arginase production related to an anti-inflammatory response and M2 macrophage polarization. The chitosan purification process induces a shift in the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory M2 profile. This effect is concentration-dependent and should be further studied in each use case to favor the suitable biological response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 17176 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Stability and Anticancer Activity of Escherichia coli Asparaginase Through Nanoparticle Immobilization: A Biotechnological Perspective on Nano Chitosan
by Fahad Alharthi, Hussam A. Althagafi, Ibrahim Jafri, Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni, Mohammed M. Althaqafi, Nawal E. Al-Hazmi, Layla Yousif Abdullah Al Hijab and Deyala M. Naguib
Polymers 2024, 16(23), 3260; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233260 - 23 Nov 2024
Viewed by 679
Abstract
There is a shortage in the experimental research directly comparing the effectiveness of different nanoparticles in boosting asparaginase (ASNase) activity. This study assessed the impact of various nanoparticles on enhancing ASNase activity, stability, and anticancer effects through immobilization. Escherichia coli ASNase was immobilized [...] Read more.
There is a shortage in the experimental research directly comparing the effectiveness of different nanoparticles in boosting asparaginase (ASNase) activity. This study assessed the impact of various nanoparticles on enhancing ASNase activity, stability, and anticancer effects through immobilization. Escherichia coli ASNase was immobilized on different nanoparticles, and its efficiency was measured. The research included analyzing the enzyme’s secondary structure, stability, activity at different temperatures, kinetic parameters, shelf life, and activity in blood serum. The anticancer efficacy was determined by measuring the IC50. The study also investigated the anticancer mechanisms by examining the enzyme’s toxicity on cancer cells, focusing on apoptosis indicators like nuclear intensity, membrane permeability, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and cytochrome c release. Among the tested nanoparticles, nano chitosan yielded the best improvements. ASNase immobilized on nano chitosan reached 90% immobilization efficiency fastest among the studied nanoparticles, achieving this within 72 h, whereas other nanoparticles took 120 h. Immobilization modified ASNase’s secondary structure by increasing alpha helices and reducing random coils, with nanochitosan and magnetic iron oxide showing the most pronounced effects. Immobilized ASNase exhibited enhanced activity, stability across temperature (widest with nanochitosan, 25–65 °C), and a broader optimal pH range compared to the free enzyme, with a Km of 1.227 mM and a Vmax of 454.54 U/mg protein. Notably, the nano-chitosan-immobilized ASNase retained over 85% of its activity after 9 months of storage and maintained high activity in blood serum. This improved stability and activity translated into the highest anticancer activity (Lowest IC50) and was more effective than doxorubicin in disrupting cancer cell structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 5513 KiB  
Article
Novel Hybrid Catalysts of Cysteine Proteases Enhanced by Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Micro- and Nanoparticles
by Marina Holyavka, Yulia Redko, Svetlana Goncharova, Maria Lavlinskaya, Andrey Sorokin, Maxim Kondratyev and Valery Artyukhov
Polymers 2024, 16(22), 3111; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16223111 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 922
Abstract
Micro- and nanoparticles of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan were synthesized, both with and without ascorbic acid. Methods were developed to form complexes between these micro- and nanoparticles and plant proteases—ficin, papain, and bromelain. It was demonstrated that the activity of cysteine protease complexes [...] Read more.
Micro- and nanoparticles of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan were synthesized, both with and without ascorbic acid. Methods were developed to form complexes between these micro- and nanoparticles and plant proteases—ficin, papain, and bromelain. It was demonstrated that the activity of cysteine protease complexes with carboxymethyl chitosan micro- and nanoparticles was higher compared to those with chitosan micro- and nanoparticles. Additionally, the complexes of ficin, papain, and bromelain with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan micro- and nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of ascorbic acid exhibited greater proteolytic activity than those formed with particles prepared without ascorbic acid. Molecular docking studies revealed that the amino acid residues of ficin, papain, and bromelain primarily interact with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The amino acid residues in the active sites of these enzymes participate in a complex formation, which likely contributes to the increased activity and stability of cysteine proteases in complexes with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan micro- and nanoparticles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 5447 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic Production of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Application Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Present in the Ataulfo Mango
by Ivana Solis Vizcaino, Efraín Rubio Rosas, Eva Águila Almanza, Marco Marín Castro and Heriberto Hernández Cocoletzi
Polymers 2024, 16(21), 3058; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16213058 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 638
Abstract
In Mexico, the Ataulfo mango crop faces significant challenges due to anthracnose, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The need to use eco-friendly fungicides is crucial to avoid the use of harmful synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to prepare chitosan [...] Read more.
In Mexico, the Ataulfo mango crop faces significant challenges due to anthracnose, a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The need to use eco-friendly fungicides is crucial to avoid the use of harmful synthetic chemicals. This study aimed to prepare chitosan nanoparticles through a simple and effective ultrasound-assisted top-down method, with high antifungal efficiency. The nanoparticles were prepared from chitosan (DD = 85%, MW = 553 kDa) and Tween 20 under constant sonication. The formation of the nanoparticles was initially confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; and their physicochemical properties were subsequently characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antifungal potential of the chitosan nanoparticles against the phytopathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated with isolated fungi obtained directly from mango tissues showing anthracnose symptoms in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. The fungus was identified through SEM imaging, showing a regular and smooth conidial layer, with cylindrical shape (r = 2 µm, h = 10 µm). In vitro tests were conducted with three different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles to assess their inhibitory effects. After seven days of incubation, a maximum inhibition rate of 97% was observed with the 0.5% nanoparticle solution, corresponding to a fungal growth rate of 0.008 cm/h. At this time, the control mycelial growth was 7 cm, while the treated sample reached a radius of 0.55 mm. These results demonstrated the antifungal effect of the nanoparticles on the membrane and cell wall of the fungus, suggesting that their composition could induce a resistance response. The inhibitory effect was also influenced by the particle size (30 nm), as the small size facilitated penetration into fungal cells. Consequently, the parent compound could be formulated and applied as a natural antifungal agent in nanoparticle form to enhance its activity. The method described in this study offers a viable alternative for the preparation of chitosan nanoparticles, by avoiding the use of toxic reagents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 3925 KiB  
Article
Chitosan siRNA Nanoparticles Produce Significant Non-Toxic Functional Gene Silencing in Kidney Cortices
by Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Ashkan Tavakoli Naeini, Garima Dwivedi, Frederic Lesage, Michael D. Buschmann and Marc Lavertu
Polymers 2024, 16(17), 2547; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172547 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Chitosan shows effective nucleic acid delivery. To understand the influence of chitosan’s molecular weight, dose, payload, and hyaluronic acid coating on in vivo toxicity, immune stimulation, biodistribution and efficacy, precisely characterized chitosans were formulated with unmodified or chemically modified siRNA to control for [...] Read more.
Chitosan shows effective nucleic acid delivery. To understand the influence of chitosan’s molecular weight, dose, payload, and hyaluronic acid coating on in vivo toxicity, immune stimulation, biodistribution and efficacy, precisely characterized chitosans were formulated with unmodified or chemically modified siRNA to control for innate immune stimulation. The hemocompatibility, cytokine induction, hematological and serological responses were assessed. Body weight, clinical signs, in vivo biodistribution and functional target knockdown were monitored. Hemolysis was found to be dose- and MW-dependent with the HA coating abrogating hemolysis. Compared to cationic lipid nanoparticles, uncoated and HA-coated chitosan nanoparticles did not induce immune stimulation or hematologic toxicity. Liver and kidney biomarkers remained unchanged with chitosan formulations, while high doses of cationic lipid nanoparticles led to increased transaminase levels and a decrease in body weight. Uncoated and HA-coated nanoparticles accumulated in kidneys with functional knockdown for uncoated chitosan formulations reaching 60%, suggesting potential applications in the treatment of kidney diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 4238 KiB  
Article
Eco-Friendly Design of Chitosan-Based Films with Biodegradable Properties as an Alternative to Low-Density Polyethylene Packaging
by Johanna Fiallos-Núñez, Yaniel Cardero, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Claudio M. García-Herrera, Matías Inostroza, Miriam Estevez, Beatriz Liliana España-Sánchez and Loreto M. Valenzuela
Polymers 2024, 16(17), 2471; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172471 - 30 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1593
Abstract
Biopolymer-based films are a promising alternative for the food packaging industry, in which petrochemical-based polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) are commanding attention because of their high pollution levels. In this research, a biopolymer-based film made of chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), and glycerol (GLY) [...] Read more.
Biopolymer-based films are a promising alternative for the food packaging industry, in which petrochemical-based polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) are commanding attention because of their high pollution levels. In this research, a biopolymer-based film made of chitosan (CS), gelatin (GEL), and glycerol (GLY) was designed. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis was performed to determine the chitosan, gelatin, and glycerol content that improved the mechanical properties selected as response variables (thickness, tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EAB). The content of CS (1.1% w/v), GEL (1.1% w/v), and GLY (0.4% w/v) in the film-forming solution guarantees an optimized film (OPT-F) with a 0.046 ± 0.003 mm thickness, 11.48 ± 1.42 mPa TS, and 2.6 ± 0.3% EAB. The OPT-F was characterized in terms of thermal, optical, and biodegradability properties compared to LDPE films. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the OPT-F was thermally stable at temperatures below 300 °C, which is relevant to thermal processes in the food industry of packaging. The reduced water solubility (WS) (24.34 ± 2.47%) and the improved biodegradability properties (7.1%) compared with LDPE suggests that the biopolymer-based film obtained has potential applications in the food industry as a novel packaging material and can serve as a basis for the design of bioactive packaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2009 KiB  
Article
Mimicking the Physicochemical Properties of the Cornea: A Low-Cost Approximation Using Highly Available Biopolymers
by Juan Hernández, Concepción Panadero-Medianero, Macarena S. Arrázola and Manuel Ahumada
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1118; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081118 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Corneal diseases represent a significant global health challenge, often resulting in blindness, for which penetrating keratoplasty is the clinical gold standard. However, in cases involving compromised ocular surfaces or graft failure, osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (OOKP) emerges as a vital yet costly and complex alternative. [...] Read more.
Corneal diseases represent a significant global health challenge, often resulting in blindness, for which penetrating keratoplasty is the clinical gold standard. However, in cases involving compromised ocular surfaces or graft failure, osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis (OOKP) emerges as a vital yet costly and complex alternative. Thus, there is an urgent need to introduce soft biomaterials that mimic the corneal tissue, considering its translation’s physicochemical, biological, and economic costs. This study introduces a cross-linked mixture of economically viable biomaterials, including gelatin, chitosan, and poly-D-lysine, that mimic corneal properties. The physicochemical evaluation of certain mixtures, specifically gelatin, chitosan, and poly-D-lysine cross-linked with 0.10% glutaraldehyde, demonstrates that properties such as swelling, optical transmittance, and thermal degradation are comparable to those of native corneas. Additionally, constructs fabricated with poly-D-lysine exhibit good cytocompatibility with fibroblasts at 72 h. These findings suggest that low-cost biopolymers, particularly those incorporating poly-D-lysine, mimic specific corneal characteristics and have the potential to foster fibroblast survival. While further studies are required to reach a final corneal-mimicking solution, this study contributes to positioning low-cost reagents as possible alternatives to develop biomaterials with physicochemical properties like those of the human cornea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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Review

Jump to: Research

20 pages, 1844 KiB  
Review
Application of Chitosan and Its Derivatives Against Plant Viruses
by Tatiana Komarova, Irina Shipounova, Natalia Kalinina and Michael Taliansky
Polymers 2024, 16(22), 3122; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16223122 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1125
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is industrially produced from chitin via deacetylation. Due to its unique properties and a plethora of biological activities, chitosan has found application in diverse areas from biomedicine to agriculture and the food sector. Chitosan is regarded as [...] Read more.
Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that is industrially produced from chitin via deacetylation. Due to its unique properties and a plethora of biological activities, chitosan has found application in diverse areas from biomedicine to agriculture and the food sector. Chitosan is regarded as a biosafe, biodegradable, and biocompatible compound that was demonstrated to stimulate plant growth and to induce a general plant defense response, enhancing plant resistance to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and viruses. Here, we focus on chitosan application as an antiviral agent for plant protection. We review both the pioneer studies and recent research that report the effect of plant treatment with chitosan and its derivatives on viral infection. Special attention is paid to aspects that affect the biological activity of chitosan: polymer length and, correspondingly, its molecular weight; concentration; deacetylation degree and charge; application protocol; and experimental set-up. Thus, we compare the reported effects of various forms and derivatives of chitosan as well as chitosan-based nanomaterials, focusing on the putative mechanisms underlying chitosan-induced plant resistance to plant viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Its Derivatives and Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization and Application, 2nd Edition)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Effect of Chitosan Derivatives on Olanzapin Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Oral Model
Authors: Balzhima Shagdarova1,*,Viktoria Melnikova2, Valentina Kostenko3, Mariya Konovalova3, Valery Varlamov1, Elena Svirshchevskaya3
Affiliation: 1 Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia; 2 Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia; 3 Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 117997 Moscow, Russia;
Abstract: Olanzapine (OLA) is an antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. OLA often causes an increase in body mass. The search and development of natural compounds for the prevention of obesity during antipsychotic therapy is an urgent task. The polysaccharide chitosan (CH) and its derivatives have lipid-lowering and antidiabetic properties. Chemical modification of chitosan makes it possible to obtain derivatives with increased solubility in vivo, which makes them potential therapeutic substances for use in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of the natural biopolymer CH and N-succinyl chitosan (SCH) on OLA-induced metabolic changes in an oral mouse model. CH was obtained by chemical hydrolysis and was used to synthesize SCH. Mice were fed cereals mixed with OLA or combinations OLA + CH, OLA+SCH, OLA + orlistat (ORL), as a control, for 2 months. In response dynamics, the weight of mice, amount of food and water intake, levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, amount of fat, and expression of genes associated with appetite regulation in the hypothalamus of mice were analyzed. It was shown that OLA induced an increase in weight, food uptake, triglycerides and cholesterol levels as wells as affected some gene expression. ORL did not affect food intake but decreased the weight of mice. CH and SCH decreased both the food uptake and the weight of mice.

Title: Chitosan based composite for oral applications
Authors: Martha Chuc-Gamboa; Fernando Aguilar-Perez
Affiliation: Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan

Title: Removal of Phosphate Using Copper Loaded Chitosan: A Sustainable Method of Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Haya Alyasi; Alaa Elsafi Ahmed; Gordon McKayc*
Affiliation: 1. Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar 2. Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar 3. Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.

Title: Chitosan siRNA Nanoparticles Produce Significant Non-toxic Functional Gene Silencing in Kidney Cortices
Authors: Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh1,2; Ashkan Tavakoli Naeini1; Garima Dwivedi1; Frederic Lesage1,2; Michael D. Busch-mann1,2; Marc Lavertu1,2
Affiliation: 1 Polytechnique Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 2500 Chem. de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada 2 Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2500 Chem. de Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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