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Energies
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Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission
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Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 3442

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bo Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: engine electronic control system; alternative fuel engine combustion; emission control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

It has been almost 150 years since the internal combustion engine came into the world. The I.C. engine had a profound impact worldwide, from daily life to society activities. However, in recent decades, due to worry about global warming and climate change, the conventional I.C. engine faces the new challenges in terms of both performance and emissions. The gasoline and diesel fuel have been abandoned in the framework for the future energy system. As a consequence, low-carbon and carbon-free fuel, new combustion concepts, engine control strategies, and after-treatment systems have become hot topics and have garnered more attention and investment worldwide. Additionally, the engine combustion characteristics, performance and emissions are not fully understood under the future energy framework. Thus, it is necessary to systemically investigate and carefully evaluate engine performance under the new energy policy.

This Special Issue aims to provide a platform and a chance to increase academic communication. The original research articles and critical review articles that cover relevant topics are welcomed. The topics of the Special Issue related to engine combustion characteristics, performance and emissions will help us to fully understand and improve the engine performance under new energy framework in the future. This Special Issue of the Engine Performance and Emissions of Energies is dedicated to the sharing of ideas regarding engine combustion and emissions characteristics, advancing the knowledge among practitioners, scientists, researchers, policymakers, and professionals toward nurturing innovative concepts required to solve problems and ensure a more efficiency and cleaner engine future.

Dr. Bo Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • engine combustion
  • emission control
  • internal combustion engine
  • combustion characteristics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1674 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Water Injection and Hydrogen Fuel on Performance and Emissions in a Hydrogen/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine
by Ashley Sharkey and Ali Zare
Energies 2024, 17(23), 5838; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235838 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
As the need for alternative energy sources and reduced emissions grows, proven technologies are often sidelined in favour of emerging solutions that lack the infrastructure for mass adoption. This study explores a transitional approach by modifying existing compression ignition engines to run on [...] Read more.
As the need for alternative energy sources and reduced emissions grows, proven technologies are often sidelined in favour of emerging solutions that lack the infrastructure for mass adoption. This study explores a transitional approach by modifying existing compression ignition engines to run on a hydrogen/diesel mixture for performance improvement, utilising water injection to mitigate the drawbacks associated with hydrogen combustion. This approach can yield favourable results with current technology. In this modelling study, ten hydrogen energy ratios (0–90%) and nine water injection rates (0–700 mg/cycle) were tested in a turbocharged Cummins ISBe 220 31 six-cylinder diesel engine. An engine experiment was conducted to validate the model. Key performance indicators such as power, mechanical efficiency, thermal efficiency, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were measured. Both water injection and hydrogen injection led to slight improvements in all performance metrics, except BSFC, due to hydrogen’s lower energy density. In terms of emissions, CO and CO2 levels significantly decreased as hydrogen content increased, with reductions of 94% and 96%, respectively, at 90% hydrogen compared to the baseline diesel. Water injection at peak rates further reduced CO emissions by approximately 40%, though it had minimal effect on CO2. As expected, NOx (which is a typical challenge with hydrogen combustion and also with diesel engines in general) increased with hydrogen fuelling, resulting in an approximately 70% increase in total NOx emissions over the range of 0–90% hydrogen energy. Similar increases were observed in NO and NO2, e.g., 90% and 57% increases with 90% hydrogen, respectively. However, water injection reduced NO and NO2 levels by up to 16% and 83%, respectively, resulting in a net decrease in NOX emissions in many combined cases, not only with hydrogen injection but also when compared to baseline diesel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission)
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26 pages, 31853 KiB  
Article
Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Combustion Characteristics of Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel in Conventional and PPCI Regimes for a High-Compression-Ratio Engine
by Charu Vikram Srivatsa, Shah Saud Alam, Bailey Spickler and Christopher Depcik
Energies 2024, 17(16), 3950; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163950 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 927
Abstract
Low temperature combustion (LTC) mitigates the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) trade-off in conventional compression ignition engines. Significant research on LTC using partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) has typically reduced the compression ratio of the engine to control [...] Read more.
Low temperature combustion (LTC) mitigates the nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) trade-off in conventional compression ignition engines. Significant research on LTC using partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) has typically reduced the compression ratio of the engine to control combustion phasing and lower peak temperatures. This study investigates LTC using PPCI with a high-compression-ratio (=21.2) engine by varying fuel injection timing (FIT) from 12.5° to 30.0° before top dead center (BTDC) while modulating EGR (0%, 7%, 14%, and 25%). Advancing FIT led to a gradual rise in the equivalence ratio of the mixture, in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and rate of heat release due to energy losses associated with ignition occurring before the end of the compression stroke. PPCI was successfully achieved with minimal performance impact using a combination of FIT advancements in the presence of high rates of EGR. Specifically, fuel injected at 25.0° BTDC and 25% EGR reduced PM emissions by 59% and total hydrocarbons by 25% compared with conventional FIT (12.5°) without EGR. Moreover, carbon monoxide and NOx emissions were comparable across set points. As a result, PPCI using high compression ratios is possible and can lead to greater thermal efficiencies while reducing emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission)
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Review

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42 pages, 4835 KiB  
Review
Multiparametric Methods for Rapid Classification of Diesel Fuel Quality Used in Automotive Engine Systems
by Michal Borecki, Mateusz Geca, Li Zan, Przemysław Prus and Michael L. Korwin-Pawlowski
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4189; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164189 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 975
Abstract
Fuels should behave appropriately in all sections of the engine system: the engine, fuel delivery system, and tank. Fuel quality can be linked to the following three crucial areas: performance, fitness for current use, and stability. Classical methods of diesel fuel examination mostly [...] Read more.
Fuels should behave appropriately in all sections of the engine system: the engine, fuel delivery system, and tank. Fuel quality can be linked to the following three crucial areas: performance, fitness for current use, and stability. Classical methods of diesel fuel examination mostly rely on the absolute value measurement of one specific parameter while stabilizing outside conditions. In contrast, multiparametric methods depend on simultaneously measuring a set of parameters. Therefore, multiparametric methods open the possibility of intriguing new examinations and classifications of diesel fuel quality while raising specific issues relating to the instrumentation and construction of sensing devices. This paper presents a review, based on the published literature and the authors’ research, of the current state-of-the-art multiparametric methods for rapid diesel fuel quality classification and related instrumentation, systematizing the various types of methods from the point of view of the principles of their operation. The main conclusion is that different measuring procedures use similar methods of data processing. Moreover, the heavy, costly, and complex devices that enable standard examinations can be converted to simpler devices in the future, whose cost of use is significantly lower. However, to achieve this, progress in electronic devices is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engine Combustion Characteristics, Performance, and Emission)
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